Geodesic acoustic eigenmode for tokamak equilibrium with maximum of local GAM frequency

The geodesic acoustic eigenmode for tokamak equilibrium with the maximum of local GAM frequency is found analytically in the frame of MHD model. The analysis is based on the asymptotic matching technique.     

Collisionless Damping of Geodesic Acoustic Mode in a Multi‐Ion Plasma with Superthermal Ions

The dispersion relation of geodesic acoustic mode is investigated in a multi‐ion toroidal plasma on the basis of linear gyrokinetic equations where ions are assumed to take a nonextensive distribution. It is found that the frequency of GAM becomes larger with the decrease of q. Consequently, GAM will damp more rapidly. The effective charge corresponding to the maximum damping rate is found to move towards unity as q decreases. As indicates that in a plasma with superthermal bulk ions, the influence of the impurity ion on the damping rate is weakened. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Studies of the Geodesic Acoustic Mode Zonal Flow in HL-2A Tokamak Plasmas

Zonal flows are universal phenomena in nature and have attracted interse interest in the magnetic fusion plasma physics community in recent years. The active studies in this field are aimed at an understanding of nonlinear physics processes responsible for coherent structure formation and for anomalous transport in plasmas.     

Numerical Investigation of Finite k Effect on Damping Rate of Geodesic Acoustic Mode in Collisionless Plasmas

Numerical method is applied to the investigation of the GAM damping rate with the finite k effects included. It is found that generally the damping rate given by the analytical method is smaller than that given by the numerical method, and the analytical damping rate has good approximation in the high q region （q 〉 4）. The difference between the analytical and numerical damping rates increases with the increasing kpi. However, for the short-wavelength case （kpi = 0.2）, the analytical methods are only good enough around q = 4 because of the slow convergence of Bessel function with the large variable.     

Geodesic mode spectrum modified by the energetic particles in tokamak plasmas

Effect of a minor concentration of the energetic particles on GAM spectrum in a tokamak is analyzed by drift kinetic theory taking into the account the electron current and diamagnetic drift. A novel method of Jacobi functions is applied to solve the drift kinetic equation for the energetic bounce particles in the limit of high bounce frequency in comparison with the GAM frequency. Using the Q-asymptotic of Jacobi function, it is shown that the energetic minority ions can form the continuum minimum/maximum at the NB or ICR power deposition maximum where the geodesic eigenmode may be excited. In this case, the electron current modeled by shifted Maxwell distribution overcomes the ion Landau damping threshold thus resulting in the GAM instability.     

Cylindrical Three-Dimensional Dust-Ion Acoustic Propagation in Plasmas

Wave properties of solitons in an unmagnetized four-component dusty plasma system contains isothermal distributed electrons, mobile ions, and negative-positive dusty grains have been examined. To study DIA wave properties, a reductive perturbation (RP) analysis is used. By a reductive perturbation (RP) analysis under convenient coordinate transformation, the three dimension Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in cylindrical coordinates is obtained. The effects of dust grain charge on soliton pulse structures are studied. More specifically, solitary profile depending on the axial, radial, and polar angle coordinates with time is discussed. This investigation may be viable in plasmas of the Earth's mesosphere.     

Parametric Study of Nonplanar Dust Acoustic Solitons in Two‐Dimensional Superthermal Dusty Plasmas

The nonlinear properties of two dimensional low‐frequency electrostatic excitations of charged dust particles (or defects) are studied in a collisionless, unmagnetized dusty plasma. A fully ionized three‐component model plasma consisting of kappa distributed electrons, Maxwellian ions, and negatively charged massive dust grains is considered. In this regard, the well known reductive perturbation technique is used to the hydrodynamical equations and the Poisson equation, obtaining the cylindrical Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (CKP) equation. A parametric investigation indicates that the structural characteristics of these nonlinear excitations (width, amplitude) are significantly affected by the plasma nonthermality as well as by the relevant plasma parameters, such as dust concentration and dust temperature. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

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从Braginskii冷离子流体模型出发,利用准环坐标系,导出了轴对称(环向模数为零的)扰动密度和扰动电位所服从的两个二维线性偏微分本征波方程。采用WKB法及Langer变换,解出了测地声模过转向点一致有效的整体模结构和分立本征频率谱;论述了不存在连续谱解的原因;指出Schrödinger意义下的径向高激发态对应了近零频模;论证了与测地声模定级分析的自洽性将导致“蝌蚪”定域化;并讨论了“蝌蚪”定域化理论与实验上所观察到的“多个测地声模共存”现象之间的关係。     

Optimization of the Acoustic Pressure Distribution in a Resonant Photoacoustic Cell

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Large Amplitude Dust Ion Acoustic Solitons and Double Layers in Dusty Plasmas with Ion Streaming and High-Energy Tail Electron Distribution

Large amplitude dust ion acoustic （DIA） solitons as well as double layers （DLs） are studied in a dusty plasma having a high-energy-tail electron distribution. The influence of electron deviation from the Maxwellian distribution and ion streaming on the existence domain of solitons is discussed in the （M, f） space using the pseudo-potential approach. It is found that in the presence of streaming ions and for a fixed f, solitons may appear for larger values of M. This means that in the presence of ion streaming, high values of the Mach number are needed to have soliton. The DIA solitary waves profile is highly sensitive to the ion streaming speed. Their amplitude is found to decrease with an increase of the ion streaming speed. In addition, we find that the ion streaming effect may lead to the appearance of double layers. The results of this axticle should be useful in understanding the basic nonlinear features of DIA waves propagating in space dusty plasmas, especially those including a relative motion between species, such as comet tails and solar wind streams, etc.     

Determination of the Mode Content in Spurious Microwave Radiation of the Gyrotron with a Straight Axisymmetric Output

The method for determination of the mode content of a spurious microwave radiation of the gyrotron with a straight circular axisymmetrical output is discussed. As demonstrated, in the test task accuracy of this method is several percents. The experimental results on the determination of the mode content at the output of the coaxial gyrotron, operating on the mode TE _14.8 are in a good agreement with the theoretical calculations.     

考虑任意阻抗壁面条件管腔结构声场特性分析

针对任意阻抗壁面条件一维管腔声学系统建模,对系统动力学特性进行预报。为了满足阻抗边界条件对声压一阶导数连续性要求,管腔声压函数通过在标准傅里叶级数端点位置引入边界光滑辅助多项式进行构建。结合壁面阻抗声学边界和管腔声学Helmholtz控制微分方程得到强形式标准特征值问题,获得相应的声学模态信息。在数值仿真中,通过算例给出各种边界条件下管腔声学模态频率、声压振型、声压和质点振速频率响应曲线,与现有文献中相关结果进行对比,充分验证了本文求解方法的正确性和有效性,证明该方法可对任意阻抗壁面条件管腔系统声学特性进行准确预报。     

Acoustic longitudinal mode coupling in w-shaped Al/Ge Co-doped fibre

This paper proposes a novel fibre structure aiming at distributed temperature and strain sensing. Utilizing Al₂O₃ and GeO₂ as dopants to form a w-shaped acoustic waveguide, it realizes modal coupling between longitudinal acoustic modes of its inner and outer core layers, leading to a dual-peak or multi-peak Brillouin gain spectrum. The relationship between the acoustic mode coupling properties and the fibre materials, doping concentrations and structural parameters are investigated, showing that the positions of mode coupling points in acoustic dispersion curves and the coupling intensities can be designed flexibly. A specific fibre design for the discriminative sensing of temperature and strain under a pump wavelength of 1.55 μm is given. The responses of its Brillouin gain properties on temperature and strain are analysed theoretically, demonstrating its potential for distributed fibre Brillouin sensing.     

Nonlinear Dust Acoustic Waves in Strongly Coupled Dusty Plasmas with Positively Charged Dust Particles

The nonlinear propagation of dust acoustic waves is investigated in four-component plasmas consisting of positively charged dust grains, trapped ions, nonthermal electrons, and photoelectron due to ultraviolet irradiation.We use generalized viscoelastic hydrodynamic model for strongly coupled dust grain. In the weak nonlinearity limit, a modified Kadomstev–Petviashvili(KP) equation and a modified KP-Burger equation, which have a damping term coming from nonadiabatic charge variation, have been derived in the kinetic regime and hydrodynamic regime, respectively. With the increasing of UV photon flux, the hydrodynamic regime changes to kinetic regime. The approximate analytical line soliton and shock solutions are investigated in the kinetic regime and hydrodynamic regime, respectively.     

Shock Structures in Charge Variable Dusty Plasmas with Effect of Strongly Coupled Dust Particles

A theoretical investigation has been carried out to study the effect of strong electrostatic interaction on the dust acoustic shock structures in strongly coupled dusty plasma with dust charge fluctuations.The fluid approach is employed,in which the strong electrostatic interaction is modeled by effective electrostatic temperature.A Burger-like equation,the coefficients of which are significantly modified by effects of strong coupling and dust charge Ructuation,is derived.It is shown that the combined effects of dust charge Ructuation,the ion/electron temperature,the ion/electron population,and strong coupling effect modify the basic properties of the dust acoustic waves in such a strongly coupled dusty plasma.The results of this work are compared with those observed by some laboratory experiments.     

Acoustic microwave generation in a periodic piezoelectric medium with drifting charges

A novel technique of generation of acoustic microwave is analyzed. The basic principle is similar to the distributed feedback concept used in lasers, where the oscillation feedback is provided by a periodic structure throughout the amplifying medium. A simplified model is analyzed in detail, and a number of configurations for oscillator device development are discussed.     

Nonlinear Dust Acoustic Waves in Dissipative Space Dusty Plasmas with Superthermal Electrons and Nonextensive Ions

The nonlinear characteristics of the dust acoustic(DA)waves are studied in a homogeneous,collisionless,unmagnetized,and dissipative dusty plasma composed of negatively charged dusty grains,superthermal electrons,and nonextensive ions.Sagdeev pseudopotential technique has been employed to study the large amplitude DA waves.It(Sagdeev pseudopotential)has an evidence for the existence of compressive and rarefractive solitons.The global features of the phase portrait are investigated to understand the possible types of solutions of the Sagdeev form.On the other hand,the reductive perturbation technique has been used to study small amplitude DA waves and yields the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers(Kd V-Burgers)equation that exhibits both soliton and shock waves.The behavior of the obtained results of both large and small amplitude is investigated graphically in terms of the plasma parameters like dust kinematic viscosity,superthermal and nonextensive parameters.     

北极冰下双轴声道传播特性研究

本文利用第六次北极科学考察的所得的楚科奇海温盐深数据,开展了北极海域声传播特性研究。通过引入Diachok海冰散射模型,将海冰界面模拟为无限椭圆形半圆柱体在自由界面的随机分布,利用Twersky散射理论计算了海冰的反射系数。使用简正波中的KRAKENC模型,结合海冰参数,进行了传播损失仿真分析。研究表明,北极的双声道波导中表面声道的传播特性与声源频率和收发深度紧密相关。深海声道与北极典型声速结构的传播特性一致,具有频率选择特性,在20 Hz左右时传播特性较为理想。此外,在远程传播时,深海声道的传播特性要优于表面声道。     

精确计算SM中混合链图传播下e■→f■反应截面

采用电弱统一标准模型（SM）,分析了由参与电弱相互作用的各种混合圈构成的光子γ,中间玻色子Zo重整化链图传播子的构架方式,并完成了相关解析计算,进而获得了γ,Z₀重整化混合圈链图传播子的解析计算结果.作者又将γ,Z₀混合圈链图传播子D_γ^{（m-chain）}（s）,D_Z^{（m-chain）}（s）和D_γZ^{（m-chain）}（s）应用到粒子反应e■→f■中,精确计算了e■→f■反应总截面σ_SM^（chain）.通过与LEP实验组的实验观测值的比较,发现本文理论计算结果比最低（树图）阶的结果与实验吻合更好.     

Electron Traps with a Wide Range of Capture Cross Sections in Powdery ZnS-Based Luminophors

Using the method of thermally stimulated luminescence, the phenomenon of spatial modulation of the capture cross section (S_t) of electron traps with a level of E_c − 0.18 eV in powdery luminophors Zn_0.97Cd_0.03S 〈Cu, Cl〉 with green luminescence and ZnS〈Ag, Cl〉 with blue luminescence by a collective electric field of macroinhomogeneity has been investigated. The maximum value of the effect (width of the range of values of S_t) attains five orders of magnitude, with the size of the powder grains being of order 1 µm. A model is suggested, according to which traps with E_c − 0.18 eV with an extended range of values of S_t represent an isolated anionic vacancy in a region of the collective field of macroscopic inhomogeneity that is the negatively charged surface of the powder grains. The extension of the range of values of S_t is the result of modulation of the kinetic parameters of electron traps E_c − 0.18 eV depending on the spatial position occupied by the anionic vacancy relative to the surface of the powder grains.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 72, No. 2, pp. 202–206, March–April, 2005.