Weak–Strong Uniqueness of Dissipative Measure-Valued Solutions for Polyconvex Elastodynamics

For the equations of elastodynamics with polyconvex stored energy, and some related simpler systems, we define a notion of a dissipative measure-valued solution and show that such a solution agrees with a classical solution with the same initial data, when such a classical solution exists. As an application of the method we give a short proof of strong convergence in the continuum limit of a lattice approximation of one dimensional elastodynamics in the presence of a classical solution. Also, for a system of conservation laws endowed with a positive and convex entropy, we show that dissipative measure-valued solutions attain their initial data in a strong sense after time averaging.     

Kinetic Formulation for Systems of Two¶Conservation Laws and Elastodynamics

For scalar conservation laws, the kinetic formulation makes it possible to generate all the entropies from a simple kernel. We show how this concept replaces and simplifies greatly the concept of Young measures, avoiding the difficulties encountered when working in L ^p . The general construction of the two kinetic functions that generate the entropies of 2 × 2 strictly hyperbolic systems is also developed here. We show that it amounts to building a “universal” entropy, i.e., one that can be truncated by a “kinetic value” along Riemann invariants. For elastodynamics, this construction can be completed and specialized using the additional Galilean invariance. This allows a full characterization of convex entropies. It yields a kinetic formulation consisting of two semi-kinetic equations which, as usual, are equivalent to the infinite family of all the entropy inequalities. Accepted May 29, 2000?Published online November 16, 2000     

A Variational Formulation of¶Rate-Independent Phase Transformations¶Using an Extremum Principle

We propose a rate-independent, mesoscopic model for the hysteretic evolution of phase transformations in shape-memory alloys. The model uses the deformation and phase-indicator function as basic unknowns and the potentials for the elastic energy and for the dissipation as constitutive laws. Using the associated functionals, admissible processes are defined to be the ones which are stable at all times and which satisfy the energy inequality.This concept leads to a natural time-incremental method which consists in a minimization problem. The mesoscopic model is obtained by a relaxation procedure. It leads to new functionals involving the cross-quasiconvexification of the elastic stored-energy density. For a special case involving two phases of linearized elastic materials we show that the incremental problem provides existence of admissible processes for the time-continuous problem, if we let the time-step go to 0. Dedicated to Erwin Stein on the occasion of his seventiethbirthday     

Variational Convergences of Dual Energy Functionals for Elastic Materials with a ε-Thin Strong Inclusion

We give a new derivation, based on the complementary energy formulation, of a simplified model for a multi-structure made up of two anisotropic hyper-elastic bodies connected by a thin strong material layer. The model is obtained by identifying the Mosco-limit of the stored complementary energy functional when the thickness is of order ?? and the stiffness of order 1/?? where ?? is a positive real adimensional parameter. In order to prove the existence of the displacement associated with the stress we use a suitable weak version of the Saint-Venant compatibility condition also known as Donati??s theorem.     

Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions¶of an Asymptotic Equation¶Arising from a Variational Wave Equation¶with General Data

We establish here the global existence and uniqueness of admissible (both dissipative and conservative) weak solutions to a canonical asymptotic equation () for weakly nonlinear solutions of a class of nonlinear variational wave equations with any L ²(ℝ) initial datum. We use the method of Young measures and mollification techniques. Accepted April 25, 2000?Published online November 16, 2000     

Constitutive Relations for Monatomic Gases¶Based on a¶Generalized Rational Approximation¶to the Sum of the Chapman-Enskog Expansion

. We study the asymptotic behavior as time goes to infinity of solutions to the initial‐boundary‐value problem on the half space for a one‐dimensional model system for the isentropic flow of a compressible viscous gas, the so‐called p‐system with viscosity. As boundary conditions, we prescribe the constant state at infinity and require that the velocity be zero at the boundary . When the velocity at infinity is negative and satisfies a condition on the magnitude, we prove that if the initial data are suitably close to those for the corresponding outgoing viscous shock profile, which is suitably far from the boundary, then a unique solution exists globally in time and tends toward the properly shifted viscous shock profile as the time goes to infinity. The proof is given by an elementary energy method. (Accepted March 2, 1998)     

A Variational Approach for the Navier–Stokes System

We introduce a variational approach to treat the regularity of the Navier–Stokes equations both in dimensions 2 and 3. Though the method allows the full treatment in dimension 2, we seek to precisely stress where it breaks down for dimension 3. The basic feature of the procedure is to look directly for strong solutions, by minimizing a suitable error functional that measures the departure of feasible fields from being a solution of the problem. By considering the divergence-free property as part of feasibility, we are able to avoid the explicit analysis of the pressure. Two main points in our analysis are:

Multiplicity Results for some Nonlinear¶Schrödinger Equations with Potentials

Multiple semiclassical standing waves for a class of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with potentials are found by means of a perturbative variational method.     

A Variational Model for Plastic Slip and Its Regularization via Γ-Convergence

A variational model is presented able to interpret the onset of plastic deformations, here modeled as displacement jumps occurring along slip surfaces at constant yielding stress. The corresponding strain energy functional, leading to a free-discontinuity problem set in the space of SBV functions, is then approximated by a sequence of regularized elliptic functionals following the seminal work by Ambrosio and Tortorelli (Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 43, 999–1036, 1990) within the framework of Γ-convergence. Comparisons between the results obtainable with the free-discontinuity model and its regularized approximation, in terms of stability of the pure elastic phase, irreversibility of plastic slip and response under unloading, are presented, in general, for the 2-D case of antiplane shear and exemplified, in particular, for the 1-D case.     

Weak Solutions and Attractors for Three-Dimensional Navier–Stokes Equations with Nonregular Force

A three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equation is considered. The forcing term is the derivative of a continuous function; the case of white noise is also considered. The aim is to prove the existence of weak solutions and to construct an attractor for the corresponding shift dynamical system in path space, following an idea of Sell.     

A Variational Framework for the Thermomechanics of Gradient-Extended Dissipative Solids – with Applications to Diffusion,Damage and Plasticity

Journal of Elasticity - The paper presents a versatile framework for solids which undergo nonisothermal processes with irreversibly changing microstructure at large strains. It outlines rate-type...     

A Variational Framework for Spectral Approximations of Kohn–Sham Density Functional Theory

We reformulate the Kohn–Sham density functional theory (KSDFT) as a nested variational problem in the one-particle density operator, the electrostatic potential and a field dual to the electron density. The corresponding functional is linear in the density operator and thus amenable to spectral representation. Based on this reformulation, we introduce a new approximation scheme, termed spectral binning, which does not require smoothing of the occupancy function and thus applies at arbitrarily low temperatures. We prove convergence of the approximate solutions with respect to spectral binning and with respect to an additional spatial discretization of the domain.     

Robust Stability Test for Dynamic Systems with Short Delays by Using Padé Approximation

The paper presents a simple approach to testifying the asymptotic stability and interval stability (robust stability against the change of system parameters in given intervals) for linear dynamic systems involving short time delays. The stability analysis starts with the study of the characteristic roots of a transcendental equation having exponential functions. By means of the Padé approximation to the exponential functions, the transcendental characteristic equation is approximated as an algebraic equation. Then, the test of asymptotic stability and interval stability of the system is completed in a very simple way. The stability analysis of a vibration system with short time delays in the feedback paths of displacement and velocity, taken as an example, is given in detail. The analysis and numerical examples indicate that the approach gives excellent accuracy for linear dynamic systems with short time delays.     

Existence and Characterization of Attractors for a Nonlocal Reaction–Diffusion Equation with an Energy Functional

In this paper we study a nonlocal reaction–diffusion equation in which the diffusion depends on the gradient of the solution. Firstly, we prove the existence and uniqueness of regular and strong solutions. Secondly, we obtain the existence of global attractors in both situations under rather weak assumptions by defining a multivalued semiflow (which is a semigroup in the particular situation when uniqueness of the Cauchy problem is satisfied). Thirdly, we characterize the attractor either as the unstable manifold of the set of stationary points or as the stable one when we consider solutions only in the set of bounded complete trajectories.

     

Positive Least Energy Solutions and Phase Separation for Coupled Schr?dinger Equations with Critical Exponent

In this paper we study the following coupled Schr?dinger system, which can be seen as a critically coupled perturbed Brezis–Nirenberg problem: {ll-Du +l₁ u = m₁ u³+buv²,     x ? W,-Dv +l₂ v = m₂ v³+bvu²,     x ? W,u\geqq 0, v\geqq 0 in W,    u=v=0     on ?W.\left\{\begin{array}{ll}-\Delta u +\lambda_1 u = \mu_1 u^3+\beta uv^2, \quad x\in \Omega,\\-\Delta v +\lambda_2 v =\mu_2 v^3+\beta vu^2, \quad x\in \Omega,\\u\geqq 0, v\geqq 0\, {\rm in}\, \Omega,\quad u=v=0 \quad {\rm on}\, \partial\Omega.\end{array}\right.     

A Navier–Stokes Approximation of the 3D Euler Equation with the Zero Flux on the Boundary

Under assumptions on smoothness of the initial velocity and the external body force, we prove that there exists T ₀ > 0, ν ₀ > 0 and a unique continuous family of strong solutions u ^ν (0 ≤ ν < ν ₀) of the Euler or Navier–Stokes initial-boundary value problem on the time interval (0, T ₀). In addition to the condition of the zero flux, the solutions of the Navier–Stokes equation satisfy certain natural boundary conditions imposed on curl u ^ν and curl ² u ^ν .      

A Three-Dimensional Model of Two-Phase Flows in a Porous Medium Accounting for Motion of the Liquid–Liquid Interface

A new three-dimensional hydrodynamic model for unsteady two-phase flows in a porous medium, accounting for the motion of the interface between the flowing liquids, is developed. In a minimum number of interpretable geometrical assumptions, a complete system of macroscale flow equations is derived by averaging the microscale equations for viscous flow. The macroscale flow velocities of the phases may be non-parallel, while the interface between them is, on average, inclined to the directions of the phase velocities, as well as to the direction of the saturation gradient. The last gradient plays a specific role in the determination of the flow geometry. The resulting system of flow equations is a far generalization of the classical Buckley–Leverett model, explicitly describing the motion of the interface and velocity of the liquid close to it. Apart from propagation of the two liquid volumes, their expansion or contraction is also described, while rotation has been proven negligible. A detailed comparison with the previous studies for the two-phase flows accounting for propagation of the interface on micro- and macroscale has been carried out. A numerical algorithm has been developed allowing for solution of the system of flow equations in multiple dimensions. Sample computations demonstrate that the new model results in sharpening the displacement front and a more piston-like character of displacement. It is also demonstrated that the velocities of the flowing phases may indeed be non-collinear, especially at the zone of intersection of the displacement front and a zone of sharp permeability variation.     

Bénard-Marangoni Instability of a Two-Layer System with Allowance for Variations in the Interfacial Internal Energy

The effect of variations of the internal surface energy due to local increments in the interfacial area on the conditions of onset of thermocapillary Marangoni instability in a two-layer system of reduced-viscosity fluids is studied. It is shown that in the linear approximation the effect considered leads to stabilization of the development of the monotonic instability mode.     

A Widder’s Type Theorem for the Heat Equation with Nonlocal Diffusion

The main goal of this work is to prove that every non-negative strong solution u(x, t) to the problem $$u_t + (-\Delta)^{\alpha/2}{u} = 0 \,\, {\rm for} (x, t) \in {\mathbb{R}^n} \times (0, T ), \, 0 < \alpha < 2,$$ can be written as $$u(x, t) = \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} P_t (x - y)u(y, 0) dy,$$ where $$P_t (x) = \frac{1}{t^{n/ \alpha}}P \left(\frac{x}{t^{1/ \alpha}}\right),$$ and $$P(x) := \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} e^{i x\cdot\xi-|\xi |^\alpha} d\xi.$$ This result shows uniqueness in the setting of non-negative solutions and extends some classical results for the heat equation by Widder in [15] to the nonlocal diffusion framework.