芘二酰亚胺:兼具高电子迁移率和双光子荧光性能的有机半导体

正近年来,伴随着有机电子学的蓬勃发展,有机半导体材料的研究逐渐成为了科研领域的热点之一。与传统的无机半导体材料相比,有机半导体材料具备独特的优势,比如分子结构易于调控、可溶液处理和易于大规模制备~(1,2)。有机半导体材料在新     

氮杂苯并菲类n-型有机半导体材料研究进展

苯并菲盘状液晶是一类新型的有机电子学材料.该类材料多数以空穴传输功能为主,能传输电子的n-型材料较少.氮杂苯并菲是与苯并菲衍生物非常相似的一种杂环化合物,材料结构中引入了氮原子,吸电子能力得到增强,是潜在的n-型有机半导体材料,具有重要的应用价值.本文系统回顾了氮杂苯并菲类盘状液晶材料的研究进展,分类讨论了材料的分子结构,其中包括二、四、六氮杂苯并菲,以及它们的合成方法和物理化学性能,论述了材料在光电子领域的最新使用进展,并在此基础上,对该类液晶材料作为n-型有机半导体在光电子器件领域的应用前景进行了展望.     

有机自旋阀及其磁电阻效应

随着巨磁电阻效应(GMR)的发现, 自旋电子学迅速兴起并成为一门新的学科。自旋电子学以电子的自旋属性为信息载体, 有望实现集逻辑、存储和通信于一体的多功能、低功耗器件, 为下一代电子学开辟新的路径。有机半导体具有低自旋轨道耦合、弱超精细相互作用和长自旋弛豫时间等特点, 因而受到了极大关注。有机自旋阀(OSVs)是研究有机材料中自旋注入和传输的原型器件。本文综述了有机自旋阀的发展历程, 总结了有机半导体的自旋弛豫机制, 详细分析了有机自旋阀中存在的关键科学问题, 如室温自旋传输的实现策略和磁电阻符号问题, 介绍了自旋有机发光二极管和自旋光伏器件等新型自旋器件, 最后对有机自旋电子学未来发展进行了展望。     

有机自旋光电子学的基本过程

有机自旋光电子学的研究方向分为磁场效应和自旋注入两个方面.研究表明,外加低磁场能够显著改变非磁性有机半导体材料的光致发光、注入电流、电致发光和光电流.这称为有机半导体材料的磁场效应.近年来,非磁性有机半导体材料的磁场效应引起了广泛的关注和研究兴趣.首先,有机半导体材料的磁场效应是强有力的实验手段,用以研究有机电学、光学和光电器件中电荷传输和激发态中的有用和无用过程,为解决电荷传输和激发态过程中的瓶颈问题提供有效的实验手段,为实现磁-光-电多功能集成提供科学原理,尤其是磁场效应能够为提高能量转换效率、探测和传感光电子学器件的响应频谱范围和灵敏度提供新思路.同时利用磁电极,有机半导体材料和器件中自旋注入及其对电荷传输和激发态过程的调控可以用于发展新型功能化的自旋光电子学器件.本文综述并讨论了有机半导体材料和器件中的磁场效应和自旋注入的光电子学效应.     

有机场效应晶体管和分子电子学研究进展

近几年来,有机场效应晶体管在材料和器件方面都取得了长足的进展,成为分子电子学的一个重要方向。本文从有机半导体材料设计、有机半导体器件的构筑、单分子电子器件和纳米管在电子器件中的应用等方面,简单综述了有机场效应晶体管和分子电子学的最新研究进展。     

POSS聚合物及其新进展

POSS 作为一种特殊的有机/无机杂化纳米构件备受关注。本文总结了近几年有关探索POSS聚合物结构与性能之间关系的研究进展,并重点综述了POSS在有机半导体材料领域的应用。     

“黄-解方法”低成本合成有机半导体明星构筑单元螺芴氧杂蒽

螺芴氧杂蒽(SFX)是有机/高分子半导体材料的明星单元，在构筑发光、电荷传输与俘获材料领域应用广泛。早期SFX母体仅能通过邻卤二芳基法多步合成，2006年，黄维、解令海(黄-解)偶然发现了SFX的一锅法合成工艺，有效解决了非平面有机半导体构筑单元合成步骤复杂的问题，并进一步拓展制备了氮杂芴和含氮的螺环结构，最终形成了螺芴杂蒽类的“黄-解方法”。该方法有着步骤简单、产率高与成本低的优点，被MIT材料合成化学家高度评价和日本科学家以人名称谓，被多个领域的同行普遍采用，工业界凭借黄-解方法的高效性成功实现了SFX的量产。目前，SFX已经替代螺二芴(SBF)被学术界、工业界广泛应用，特别是韩国LG公司将其应用于有机发光二极管(OLED)显示技术。     

有机微纳晶场效应晶体管

有机单晶中分子排列长程有序、无晶界且杂质和缺陷很少,是揭示有机半导体材料本征性能和制备高迁移率器件的最佳选择。因此,有机单晶材料对于构筑高性能电子器件和电路等方面具有无可比拟的优势。同时,有机单晶材料也为揭示半导体材料微观分子堆积与宏观电性能关系提供了重要手段。有机分子间以弱的范德华力相结合,因此,有机半导体单晶多以微纳晶形式存在。目前,种类繁多的有机微纳晶半导体材料被广泛应用于高性能场效应晶体管器件,这些器件的研究不仅可以筛选出高性能的有机半导体材料,也为科研人员提供更多的机会来理解有机半导体中电荷传输的物理内涵。本综述介绍了有机单晶场效应晶体管的基本结构和运行机理;微纳晶制备、表征方法以及器件构筑方法;总结了近三年来有机微纳晶半导体材料与器件取得的最新研究进展;探讨了当前有机微纳晶研究的热点和趋势并分析了面临的挑战。     

手性有机光电功能材料及其圆偏振光发射与探测

手性有机半导体由于其新颖的性质引起了有机光电领域极大的研究兴趣. 将手性引入有机半导体材料不仅可以调控聚集态结构影响载流子输运进而影响光电器件的性能, 而且催生了圆偏振光直接发射与探测材料与器件的产生与发展. 手性材料与圆偏振光之间的相互作用使得其在3D显示、量子通讯、信息存储与处理等领域展示出广泛的应用前景. 本综述总结近年来手性有机光电材料及器件的研究进展, 主要围绕手性对有机半导体材料性质与器件性能的影响展开, 聚焦于手性有机半导体的圆偏振光直接发射与探测等研究, 旨在进一步为手性有机光电子领域的发展提供系统的认识.     

有机神经形态机器视觉器件及系统

随着有机半导体材料及其器件的快速发展,有机电子学在可穿戴设备、人工智能等发面取得快速发展.有机半导体材料具有成本低、生物相容性好、光谱响应可调、柔性度好等优势,在光电器件等新兴智能感知领域显示出巨大的商业应用潜力,同时也是制造柔性仿生视觉传感器不可或缺的组成部分.本文从有机光电材料分类及用于视觉仿生感知的光电器件层面重点介绍了近年来人工神经形态视觉智能传感系统的研究进展,包括应用较多的视觉触觉多感集成系统.最后阐述了发展有机仿生视觉系统的重要意义与现存挑战以及展望,为将来有机视觉感知应用及多感集成提供可行的研究方向.     

Regulation of dynamic structure of cyclophanes by their complexation with the porphyrin

Dithia[3.3]metacyclophanes which consist of the pyridine unit connecting to the different positions of the parent cyclophane skeleton have been prepared. Conformational change has been observed for the cyclophane having a 4-substituted pyridine unit by binding to the porphyrin. In contrast the porphyrin binding has no influence on conformational behavior of the cyclophane having a 3-substituted pyridine unit.     

Spectroscopic studies on the initial stages of thermal degradation of polychloroprene

Thermal degradation of polychloroprene under nitrogen, especially at the initial stages, has been studied by using ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and FT–IR spectroscopy. A model polymer of low molecular weight (M _n = 6300) was prepared to avoid gelation during degradation. None of isomerized 1,2 unit has been found in the original polymer. Allylic rearrangement of 1,2 unit was the first-stage reaction, which was finished within 30 min at 150°C. The extent of HCl loss was proportional to the decrease of isomerized 1,2 unit. It has been suggested that the next-stage reaction is dehydrochlorination of the isomerized 1,2 unit. The presence of terminal vinyl group and the increased amount of olefinic proton were not found in the degraded polymer. The back-biting mechanism involving a six-membered cyclization process is proposed for the dehydrochlorination. The thermal racemization has been also found to take place in the 3,4 unit.     

thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Polyesters Containing Cyclooctyl Units III. Effect of Mesogen Length and the Dual Role of the Cyclooctyl Ring

Three polyesters have been prepared which incorporate the cyclooctyl unit in the main chain. The number of phenyl rings in the repeat unit was varied from one to three and in each case the polymer exhibited a liquid-crystalline phase. It has been shown that the cyclooctyl ring may act both as a semi-flexible spacer as well as an integral part of the mesogenic unit. This dual role is of considerable interest and has not been reported previously.     

Highly Efficient Multiple-Labeling Probes for the Visualization of Enzyme Activities

Quinone methide (QM) as a latent trapping unit has been widely explored in activity-based self-immobilizing reagents. However, further application of this strategy has been largely hampered by the limited labeling efficiency to proteins. In this study, a thorough investigation on the labeling efficiency and the structure of QM-based trapping unit is presented, from which a QM with multiple leaving groups was identified as an optimal trapping unit. An alkaline phosphatase (ALP) immobilizing reagent featured with this multiple-labeling trapping unit exhibited lower nonspecific binding and, remarkably, a significantly higher labeling efficiency over other immobilizing reagents upon enzymatic activation. The utility of this imaging reagent was further demonstrated with the in vitro and in vivo visualization of the ALP activities. Furthermore, the multiple functional trapping unit may find greater value in the other activity-based immobilizing probes.     

Sensitized photo-oxidation of polyisoprene: effect of the presence of hydroxy and hydroperoxy groups

The effect of a hydroxy group on the reaction of singlet oxygen with an unsaturated group has been studied for linalol and geraniol, model molecules for hydroxylated polyisoprene. Only some of all the possible reactions actually occur. A hydroxy group in a unit strongly deactivates this unit but has little influence on the reactivity of an adjacent unit.     

thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Polyesters Containing Cyclooctyl Units III. Effect of Mesogen Length and the Dual Role of the Cyclooctyl Ring

Abstract

Three polyesters have been prepared which incorporate the cyclooctyl unit in the main chain. The number of phenyl rings in the repeat unit was varied from one to three and in each case the polymer exhibited a liquid-crystalline phase. It has been shown that the cyclooctyl ring may act both as a semi-flexible spacer as well as an integral part of the mesogenic unit. This dual role is of considerable interest and has not been reported previously.     

新型含二茂铁基螺苝嗪类光致变色化合物的合成及其光谱研究

合成了一种新的含二茂铁基螺 嗪类光致变色化合物 ,并研究了其吸收光谱和荧光光谱。发现在分子内引入二茂铁基团提高了热不可逆性 ,发生光致变色反应前后化合物结构的不同对其荧光特性影响很大     

Synthesis and electrochemistry of a novel polyfluorenylidene containing ferrocene units

A novel fluorenylidene containing a ferrocene unit has been electropolymerized. In this polymer, the ferrocene unit is grafted to the main polyfluorenylidene chain as a pendant group. The polymer is electroactive in non-aqueous and aqueous media.     

Home-made temperature-control unit for the Waters Quanta 4000 capillary electrophoresis system

A home-made temperature control unit has been developed for a commercial capillary electrophoresis apparatus, the Waters Quanta 4000. The effect of the unit on the absolute migration times and peak areas of nine β-blockers is described. It was found that this homemade temperature control unit considerably (≥ 100 %) improved the repeatability of the separation.     

凝胶化理论的新概念——一种新的划环方法

本文用分子作为划环单位,与Flory等用官能团作为划环单位不同,得到∑A_(ai)与∑_(bj)型分子间反应凝胶生成的临界条件,用数均官能度或分子的数量分数,不用重均官能度或官能团的数量分数表示,更与Flory的实验结果一致.从理论分析,化学反应是分子反应,用分子比用官能团作为划环单位更合理.