Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Novel Polyurethane Containing Cyanovinylnitroresorcinoxy Group

Novel X-type polyurethane 5 containing 4-(2′-carbomethoxy-2′-cyano)vinyl-6-nitroresorcinoxy groups as nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores, which constitute part of the polymer backbone, was prepared and characterized. Polyurethane 5 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It shows thermal stabilities up to 260°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 108°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d₃₃) of poled polymer film at 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is 9.83 × 10^?9 esu. Polymer 5 exhibits a high thermal stability even at 2°C higher than T_g, and no significant SHG decay is observed below 110°C, which is acceptable for nonlinear optical device applications.     

Synthesis and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Novel Polyester Containing Nitrophenylazonitroresorcinoxy Group

A new X-type polyester (4) containing nitrophenylazonitroresorcinoxy groups as NLO chromophores, which are components of the polymer backbone was prepared. Polyester 4 is soluble in common organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. It shows a thermal stability up to 280°C from thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature (T_g) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 120°C. The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d₃₃) of poled polymer films at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength is around 5.08 × 10^?9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibits a thermal stability even at 5°C higher than T_g, and no SHG decay was observed below 125°C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.     

Synthesis and characterization of dihydroxylammonium tetrachlorocuprate dihydrate crystals

A new hydroxylammonium compound, [(NH₃OH)₂CuCl₄], was synthesized and its crystals were grown at room temperature by slow evaporation of aqueous solutions. The crystals were characterized through powder XRD, thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), low temperature differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and FTIR spectra. The X‐ray powder diffraction confirms the crystallinity of the compound. A fitting decomposition pattern of the compound was formulated based on the TG and thereby confirming the formation of the compound in the stoichiometric ratio. The thermal anomalies occurring in the low temperature DSC indicate successive phase transitions. The low temperature phase transitions are attributed to the ordering of [NH₃OH]⁺ ions. While most of the phase transitions are of first order type, the one occurring at –126 °C is of second order. Two glass transitions occur when the compound was cooled between –157.9 and –136.9 °C. The characteristic vibration bands due to [NH₃OH]⁺ and CuClequation/tex2gif-stack-1.gif ions are observed in the IR spectra. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Preparation and Characterization of Nonlinear Optical Crystal Materials: Cadmium Mercury Thiocyanate and its Lewis Base Adducts

Cadmium mercury thiocyanate (CdHg(SCN)₄, CMTC) and its two lewis base adducts: cadmium mercury thiocyanate dimethyl‐sulphoxide (CdHg(SCN)₄(H₆C₂OS)₂, CMTD) and cadmium mercury thiocyanate glycol monomethyl ether (CdHg(SCN)₄(C₃H₈O₂), CMTG) have been discovered as nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal materials. Their structural, optical and physicochemical properties were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD), infrared spectroscopy, vis/UV/NIR spectra and thermal analysis. It is discovered that their transparency cutoffs lie in the UV region and CMTD crystals possess the shortest cutoff wavelength among the three crystal materials.     

Study on crystallization kinetics of Al65Cu20Ti15 amorphous alloy

The crystallization behavior and thermal stability of amorphous phases of Al₆₅Cu₂₀Ti₁₅ alloy obtained by mechanical alloying were investigated by using in-situ X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under non isothermal and isothermal conditions. The result of a Kissinger analysis shows that the activation energy for crystallization is 1131 kJ/mol. The higher stability against crystallization of Al₆₅Cu₂₀Ti₁₅ amorphous alloy is attributed to the stronger interaction of atoms in the Al-Cu-Ti system and formed of complicated compound like Al₅CuTi₂ and Al₄Cu₉ as primary phases. The isothermal crystallization was modeled by using the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation. The Avarami exponents suggest that the isothermal crystallization is governed by a three-dimensional diffusion-controlled growth.     

ZnO纳米钉的制备和光学性质研究

通过化学气相沉积(CVD)方法在Si(100)衬底上制备出新型的ZnO纳米钉结构.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明纳米钉是六角纤锌矿结构.纳米钉顶部对角线在450～750 nm之间,纳米钉长度为几个微米.研究了不同气氛下退火样品的可见发光性质,认为绿光发射来自于导带电子和反位氧中空穴的辐射复合.     

Characterization of surface and porous properties of synthetic hybrid lamellar silica

Synthetic lamellar silica and hybrid lamellar silicas have been prepared by liquid crystal templating, template extraction and silanization. The samples have been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), carbon analysis, spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption. The XRD analyses have shown that the lamellar periodic stacking is preserved for all samples. The quantity and type of organic molecules at the silica surface have been evaluated by carbon analysis, TGA and spectroscopy. The covalent grafting of the solvent used for extraction of the initial surfactant has been highlighted by these analyses. The nitrogen adsorption analyses have revealed three categories of pores and two types of samples. The initial lamellar silica exhibits a very low specific surface area and plate-like type of pores. The second type of samples is made up of the hybrid samples and the initial substrate from whom the surfactant has been extracted. These samples show a significantly higher specific surface area with interlamellar spaces corresponding to narrow-slit like mesopores around 4 nm. The nitrogen adsorption data analysis has highlighted the presence of micropores within the silica sheets. The difference of the specific surface is due to pore blocking by the surfactant impeding the access to nitrogen into interlamellar spaces and by the silanes covering the pores once the surface modified. The presence of micro and mesopores combined to a high BET specific surface of 612 m²/g makes these lamellar silicas interesting materials for catalysis applications.     

Preparation and Properties of a Novel Nonlinear Optical Crystal: MnHg(SCN)4(H2O)2.2(C3H6CONCH3)

In this article, diaquatetrakis (thiocyanato) manganese(II) mercury(II)‐N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, MnHg(SCN)₄(H2O)₂.2(C₃H₆CONCH₃), (abbreviated as MMTWMP), a new organometallic nonlinear optical crystal material is reported. The structure, optical and thermal characterizations were determined by elemental analysis, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, special heat, SHG measurements and UV/Vis/NIR optical transmission spectra. It belongs to the tetragonal crystallographic system, with cell parameters: a = 12.1294, c = 8.2238Å, V = 1211.27ų. Single crystals with dimensions up to 8 × 7 × 5 mm³ have been obtained. The morphology of the crystals was indexed. The MMTWMP crystal exhibits good physicochemical stability at normal temperature and pressure. Its UV transparency cutoff is 360 nm, which is shifted to the violet by 13 nm, as compared with MnHg(SCN)₄ (MMTC); the optical transmission is 44.82% at 404 nm, which is by 17.46% higher than that of MMTC.     

一种潜在的新型非线性光学材料-氟硼酸铍

氟硼酸铍（Be2（BO3）F,简写为BBF）,属单斜晶系,空间群为C2。该化合物含有BO3平面三角形基团。BeO3F四面体与BO3基团连接形成六元环,通过Be—F—Be将层与层之间交叉联结起来。理论计算表明其Eg=7．80eV,吸收边在150nm;有较大的双折射率,△n=0．0915;倍频系数计算结果显示：d22=-0．0723pm／v,d16=-0．0172pm／v,d14=-0．00928pm／v,d23=0．0053pm／v。对合成得到的材料粉末样品进行XDR物相测试验证和热分析。粉末倍频测试表明该材料的倍频讯号强度为KDP的1／4左右。实验证明BBF可能是一种潜在的紫外、深紫外非线性光学材料。     

CaF2晶体的生长与光学性能

采用导向温度梯度法(TGT)生长CaF2晶体,建立了生长炉内的垂直温度梯度场.研究表明影响晶体质量及光学性能的主要因素包括坩埚材料、温度场、生长程序及原料纯度等.从大量的实验中总结出TGT法生长高质量CaF2晶体的生长条件如下:石墨坩埚;轴向梯度≤2℃/mm;生长降温速率1.5～2.5℃/h;冷却速率≤40℃/h.     

碱式磷酸锌光学性质的理论计算及其实验验证

Zn2(OH)PO4(ZPOH)属于正交晶系,其空间群为P21212,该结构没有对称中心.基于赝势平面波方法,计算了ZPOH的电子结构,线性折射率和倍频(SHG)系数,并拟合了色散方程.为了验证计算值,使用水热法合成了ZPOH微晶,实验测得其SHG效应与理论计算相符,同时测试了ZPOH的紫外(UV)吸收边及其热稳定性.     

The Synthesis of Fluorine Containing Phenyl Benzoates and Their Properties as Liquid Crystals

A new series of fluorine containing phenyl benzoates has been synthesized and the transition temperatures of these compounds have been determined. A series of 4-trifluoromethylphe 4nyl 4-n-alkybenzoates showed no liquid crystalline behaviour, but the 4-trifluoromethylphenyl 4-n-alkoxybenzoates series, with six carbons or more in alkoxy chain, was mesomorphic. The 4-cyanophenyl 4-perfluoroalkylbenzoates showed smectic liquid crystalline properties.     

X-ray structural,spectroscopic and computational approach (NBO,MEP, NLO,NPA, fukui function analyses) of (E)-2-((4-bromophenylimino)methyl)-3-methoxyphenol

The title compound was isolated and investigated by experimental X-ray diffraction method and density functional theory (DFT) calculational properties and spectroscopic methodologies. The experimental investigations of the compound indicated the molecule seems to be in enol form. DFT calculations are performed both for enol and keto tautomers of the title compound. Additionally chemical activity, electronic transmission and property effect on different solvents, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), non-linear optical properties (NLO), Mulliken population method, natural population analysis (NPA), natural bond orbital (NBO) and Fukui function analyses have been studied.     

Characterisation and mesomorphic behaviour of liquid crystals with dispersed PdCl2 nanoparticles

The synthesis and characterisation are carried on liquid crystalline (LC) p-dodecyloxy benzoic acid (12OBA) with 1 and 2 wt% for PdCl₂ nanoparticles dispersion. Further, characterizations are carried out by different spectroscopic techniques like X-ray diffraction spectrometric studies, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Textural determinations of the synthesised compounds are recorded by using polarising optical microscope (POM) attached with a hot stage and camera. The results show that the dispersion of PdCl₂ nanoparticles in 12OBA exhibits Nematic phases as same as the pure 12OBA with reduced clearing temperature as expected. Further, the nematic thermal ranges are quenched and the smectic C thermal range has been increased while performing both DSC and POM with the dispersion of 1 wt% PdCl₂ nanoparticles. Size dependence on bonding nature with LC compounds is established.     

Synthesis,Properties, and Crystal Structures of Copper(II) Di-(2-picolyl)amine Complexes Containing Inorganic Salts

Abstract These complexes have been characterized by X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic, and cyclic voltammetry. In 1, the copper(II) ion has a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with three nitrogen atoms of the dpa ligand and two oxygen atoms of the nitrate anions. The crystal structure of 2 shows that the copper(II) ions are bridged by tp anion to form a dinuclear complex, in which each copper(II) ion exhibits a distorted square-pyramid with three nitrogen atoms of the dpa ligand, water molecule, and the oxygen atom of the bridging tp ligand. Cyclic voltammetric data indicate that 1 undergoes irreversible one-electron oxidation to the Cu^III and reversible one-electron reduction to the Cu^I, while 2 gives one reversible oxidation and two reversible and irreversible reduced processes. The electronic spectra and redox potentials of the complexes are influenced significantly by the anionic ligands. Graphical Abstract The reaction of [Cu(dpa)Cl₂] with K(NO₃)₂ and Na₂tp yields mononuclear and dinuclear copper(II) complexes [Cu(dpa)(NO₃)₂] (1) and [Cu₂(dpa)₂(H₂O)₂(μ-tp)](tp)·6H₂O (2) (dpa = di-(2-picolyl)amine, tp = terephthalate).      

Structural, Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterisation of bis (dibenzoylmethanato)Cd(II) Adducts with Dimethylsulfoxide and Water

Abstract  Adducts of cadmium(II) dibenzoylmethate, Cd(dbm)₂X₂ (X = DMSO, H₂O) were synthesized and analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential-scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot-stage microscopy (HSM), single crystal X-ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Products obtained by thermal decomposition of the two Cd(II) complexes in oxygen, were used for quantitative analysis of cadmium in the adduct molecules. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the DMSO adduct revealed that it has cis configuration. The DMSO adduct crystallizes in P2₁/a space group, a = 17.2494(6) ?, b = 8.3251(4) ?, c = 22.2746(9) ?, β = 93.836(3)°, V = 3191.53(7) ?³, Z = 4. Graphical abstract   Structural, Spectroscopic and Thermal Characterisation of bis (dibenzoylmethanato)Cd(II) Adducts With Dimethylsulfoxide and Water Ivan Halasz, Michaela Horvat, Tomislav Biljan, Ernest Meštrović Two adducts of bis(dibenzoylmethanato)Cd(II), Cd(dbm)₂X₂ (X = DMSO, H2O) have been synthesized and characterized.      

热注射法合成Cu2 SnSe3纳米晶及其光电转换性能

以乙酰丙酮铜、无水氯化亚锡为金属源,Se/OLA悬浊液为硒源,在油胺溶剂中热注射合成了Cu2 SnSe3纳米晶.采用TEM、XRD、EDS分别对典型纳米晶产物的形貌、物相和组成做了分析表征.通过不同反应温度的条件实验,研究了反应温度对最终产物的影响,探讨了相关规律.采用光电化学池评价了纳米晶的光电转换性能,结果表明Cu2 SnSe3纳米晶光电转换性能优良,表现出较好的应用前景.     

Investigation of Bimetallic Thiocyanates belonging to ABTC Structure Type: ZnCd(SCN)4 and AHg(SCN)4 (A = Zn,Cd, Mn ) as Nonlinear Optical Crystal Materials

Bimetallic thiocyanate complexes crystal materials belonging to ABTC structure type: ZnCd(SCN)₄ and AHg(SCN)₄ (A = Zn, Cd, Mn ) which are potentially useful in second harmonic generation (SHG) have been prepared. Their structural, optical and physicochemical properties are characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, vis/UV/NIR spectroscopy, SHG measurements and thermal analysis. The states of crystal growth solutions are discussed in this article. The crystals belong to tetragonal system with the space group I‐4 and exhibit SHG efficiencies over one order of magnitude higher than that of Urea. Their transparency cutoffs lie in the UV region, and they possess good physicochemical stabilities.