Holographic recording of fast events on a CCD camera

We report on holographic recording of nanosecond events on a conventional CCD camera. Three frames of an air-discharge event, with resolution of 5.9 ns and frame interval of 12 ns, are recorded in a single CCD frame. Each individual frame is reconstructed by digital filtering of the CCD frame, since successively recorded holograms are centered at different carrier frequencies in the spatial frequency domain.     

可变帧结构的PCM遥测帧同步器设计

针对传统帧同步器只能对固定帧格式的数据进行帧同步的缺点,提出一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的帧同步方案,用户可根据实际需求通过上位机软件配置帧长、帧同步字等参数,实现对不同帧结构的PCM遥测数据进行帧同步。该方案采用了参数可调的同步容错及前后方保护机制,提高了帧同步的可靠性和稳定性。给出了帧同步方案的工作原理,以及关键技术的实现方法,在实际应用中对其同步性能进行分析,测试结果表明该方案对不同帧结构的数据均可实现帧同步。     

Design of a very high frame rate camera based on an asynchronous CCD driving method

A very high frame rate camera is designed based on an innovative CCD driving method. The CCD driving method is mainly implemented on frame transfer CCDs. Asynchronous drive timing sequences are applied in the image and storage section of the CCDs. Several rows of the charge in the image section are binned onto the same row in the storage section, and there are the same number of images to be stored in the storage section before they are read out. Based on the new driving method, the frame transfer CCDs can work at a very high frame rate in acquiring burst images though the reading speed remains at a lower level. A very high frame rate camera is designed in this paper. The innovative CCD driving method is mainly of concern. An e2v's CCD60 is adopted in the camera system, whose full size resolution is 128×128, and the up most frame rate is 1000 Hz in the conventional CCD driving method. By using the presented method, the CCD60 based imager is capable of operating at up to 40000 frames per second (fps) at a recognizable resolution of 128×32. Comparing cameras using traditional binning and region of interest technologies, the frame rate is normally less than 5000 fps while the resolution is only 32 × 32 lett.     

基于多帧参考的整帧丢失错误掩盖算法

为了解决视频传输中整帧图像丢失的误差扩散问题,提出了一种基于多参考帧运动矢量外推的整帧丢失错误掩盖算法.通过对多个参考帧的运动矢量外推得到丢失块的候选运动矢量集|采用多参考帧边界匹配准则进行丢失帧和其后续帧的误差估计,并选择丢失块的最优运动矢量|最后采用自适应的重叠块运动补偿方法重建丢失帧.实验结果表明,该算法在恢复整帧图像的同时,有效地降低了视频序列中整帧图像丢失的误差扩散影响,与已有算法比较,该算法恢复的视频序列平均峰值信噪比提高了0.5~1 dB,具有更好的错误掩盖效果.     

面向经纬仪图像序列的关键帧提取算法

将传统的关键帧提取算法应用于经纬仪图像序列时,关键帧序列中会包含大量的非稳定跟踪图像帧。为了在关键帧提取过程中更好地保留目标稳定跟踪测量信息,该文在分析了经纬仪图像序列的特点后,构建了一种基于局部极大值的经纬仪图像序列关键帧提取算法。该算法首先计算图像序列的帧间差分,然后使用汉宁窗函数对帧间差分进行平滑,最后基于平滑后的帧间差分局部极大值来提取关键帧。实验结果表明：提出的算法相对于传统的帧间差分强度排序方法能更好地保留目标的跟踪测量信息,提取的关键帧在整个跟踪测量图像序列中分布更为均匀,包含的场景信息更为丰富。     

Should There Be a Spin-Rotation Coupling for a Dirac Particle?

It was argued by Mashhoon that a spin-rotation coupling term should add to the Hamiltonian operator in a rotating frame, as compared with the one in an inertial frame. For a Dirac particle, the Hamiltonian and energy operators H and E in a given reference frame were recently proved to depend on the tetrad field. We argue that this non-uniqueness of H and E really is a physical problem. We show that a tetrad field contains two informations about local rotation, which usually do not coincide. We compute the energy operator in the inertial and the rotating frame, using three different tetrad fields. We find that Mashhoon’s term is there if the spatial triad rotates as does the reference frame—but then it is also there in the energy operator for the inertial frame. In fact, if one uses the same given tetrad field, the Dirac Hamiltonian operators in two reference frames in relative rotation differ only by the angular momentum term. If the Mashhoon effect is to exist for a Dirac particle, the tetrad field must be selected in a specific way for each reference frame.     

Motion predicted online dynamic MRI reconstruction from partially sampled k-space data

In this work we address the problem of reconstructing dynamic MRI sequences in an online fashion, i.e. reconstructing the current frame given that the previous frames have been already reconstructed. The reconstruction consists of a prediction and a correction step. The prediction step is based on an Auto-Regressive AR(1) model. Assuming that the prediction is good, the difference between the predicted frame and the actual frame (to be reconstructed) will be sparse. In the correction step, the difference between the predicted frame and the actual frame is estimated from partially sampled K-space data via a sparsity promoting least squares minimization problem. We have compared the proposed method with state-of-the-art methods in online dynamic MRI reconstruction. The experiments have been carried out on 2D and 3D Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) MRI datasets. Results show that our method yields the least reconstruction error.     

Scalar gravitational waves and Einstein frame

The response of a gravitational wave detector to scalar waves is analysed in the framework of the debate on the choice of conformal frames for scalar-tensor theories. A correction to the geodesic equation arising in the Einstein conformal frame modifies the geodesic deviation equation. This modification is due to the nonmetricity of the theory in the Einstein frame, yielding a longitudinal mode that is absent in the Jordan conformal frame.     

Object based dual watermarking for video authentication

Video cameras have been widely installed in public facilities for the surveillance applications. So, video authentication has becoming increasingly attractive. This paper presents a dual watermarking for video authentication based on moving objects. For each frame, the frame index, as a watermark is first embedded into the moving objects of the corresponding frame using a reversible watermarking method, aiming to detect the temporal tampering. Then the principle content and the details of the moving objects combined with the authentication code, as the other watermark, are embedded into the frame for spatial tampering location and recovery. Specially, a synthesized frame method is proposed for lossless recovery of moving objects and effective extraction of frame index. Statistical analysis and experiment results show that the proposed method can locate spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal tampering accurately. The spatial tampered regions can be recovered approximately and the moving objects can be restored completely when the tampered area is limited.     

Role of the velocity frame of reference in thermodiffusion in liquid mixtures

The role and significance of the velocity frame of reference in the interpretation, modeling and formulation of thermodiffusion in multicomponent liquid mixtures were investigated, focused on the nonequilibrium thermodynamics modeling approach. The effect of the velocity frame of reference on the phenomenological equations and thermodiffusion coefficients and expressions is explored. Theoretically and also by the aid of representative calculations, it is shown that while in binary mixtures transformation from one frame to another does not affect the sign and magnitude of the thermodiffusion coefficients, in multicomponent mixtures (ternary and higher), even the sign of the thermodiffusion coefficients may change when an alternative frame is used. This implies that in multicomponent mixtures for either experimental data or model estimations, the employed velocity frame for the thermodiffusion coefficients plays an important role in calculations. The Soret coefficients and the thermodiffusion factors are independent of the frame of reference.     

相对论哈密顿-雅可比方程及其应用

利用相对论哈密顿-雅可比方法求出了电子在激光场中的相对论性运动方程的解析解.并且在电子与激光脉冲散射的实验室参照系、电子初始静止参照系、电子平均静止系中,对于给定的任意椭圆偏振的激光场,得到了解析表达式.     

基于碳纤维复合材料的月基极紫外相机照准架结构设计

为了减少月基极紫外相机的质量并保证相机的二维转动机构在卫星发射、地月变轨及月表着陆过程中受到大量级振动冲击以及月表超大温差环境下能正常工作,设计并研制了基于碳纤维复合材料（CFRP）的照准架结构。首先,设计了基于金属材料和CFRP的不同照准架结构,通过有限元法对不同材料的照准架进行分析对比,证明了CFRP照准架的优越性。温度和力学验证试验表明：基于CFRP的照准架质量小于其它材料的照准架,其刚度和热稳定性能满足极紫外相机环境适应性的要求。     

Causal MRI reconstruction via Kalman prediction and compressed sensing correction

This technical note addresses the problem of causal online reconstruction of dynamic MRI, i.e. given the reconstructed frames till the previous time instant, we reconstruct the frame at the current instant. Our work follows a prediction-correction framework. Given the previous frames, the current frame is predicted based on a Kalman estimate. The difference between the estimate and the current frame is then corrected based on the k-space samples of the current frame; this reconstruction assumes that the difference is sparse. The method is compared against prior Kalman filtering based techniques and Compressed Sensing based techniques. Experimental results show that the proposed method is more accurate than these and considerably faster.     

融合多尺度特征的短时音频场景识别方法EI北大核心CSCD

为解决短时音频场景识别任务中识别性能差的问题,提出一种融合多尺度特征的音频场景识别方法。首先将双声道音频中左右声道的和差作为输入,并使用长时帧长进行分帧处理,以保证提取出的帧级特征中包含足够多的音频信息。然后将特征逐帧输入到融合多尺度特征的一维卷积神经网络中,以充分利用网络中不同尺度的浅层、中层和深层嵌入特征。最后综合所有帧级软标签得到短时音频的场景分类结果。实验结果表明,该方法在国际声学场景和事件检测与分类挑战赛(DCASE) 2021短时音频场景数据集上的准确率为79.02%,实现了该数据集上目前为止的最优性能。     

Conformal aspects of the Palatini approach in Extended Theories of Gravity

The debate on the physical relevance of conformal transformations can be faced by taking the Palatini approach into account gravitational theories. We show that conformal transformations are not only a mathematical tool to disentangle gravitational and matter degrees of freedom (passing from the Jordan frame to the Einstein frame) but they acquire a physical meaning considering the bi-metric structure of Palatini approach which allows to distinguish between spacetime structure and geodesic structure. These facts are relevant at least at cosmological scales, while at small scale (i.e. in the spacetime regions relevant for observations) the conformal factor is slowly varying and its effects are not relevant. Examples of higher-order and non-minimally coupled theories are worked out and relevant cosmological solutions in Einstein frame and Jordan frame are discussed showing that also the interpretation of cosmological observations can drastically change depending on the adopted frame.     

Electrodynamics in accelerated frames revisited

Maxwell's equations are formulated in arbitrary moving frames by means of tetrad fields, which are interpreted as reference frames adapted to observers in space‐time. We assume the existence of a general distribution of charges and currents in an inertial frame. Tetrad fields are used to project the electromagnetic fields and sources on accelerated frames. The purpose is to study several configurations of fields and observers that in the literature are understood as paradoxes. For instance, are the two situations, (i) an accelerated charge in an inertial frame, and (ii) a charge at rest in an inertial frame described from the perspective of an accelerated frame, physically equivalent? Is the electromagnetic radiation the same in both frames? Normally in the analysis of these paradoxes the electromagnetic fields are transformed to (uniformly) accelerated frames by means of a coordinate transformation of the Faraday tensor. In the present approach coordinate and frame transformations are disentangled, and the electromagnetic field in the accelerated frame is obtained through a frame (local Lorentz) transformation. Consequently the fields in the inertial and accelerated frames are described in the same coordinate system. This feature allows the investigation of paradoxes such as the one mentioned above.     

Rotational degeneracy breaking of atomic substates: A composite quantum system in a noninertial reference frame

The degenerate magnetic substates of a field-free atomic system are split in a rotating reference frame. The splitting and ordering of the states should be experimentally demonstrable by means of laser-induced quantum interference spectroscopy of hydrogenic Rydberg states. This would manifest dynamical consequences of a noninertial reference frame on theinternal structure of a composite quantum system-in contrast to the observed neutron Sagnac effect, which involves the relative phase of essentially point particles. The predicted level splitting is independent of constituent particle masses; a composite quantum system in a rotating reference frame exhibits effects inequivalent to those that would be engendered in an inertial frame by a gravitational field.The original essay upon which this article is based received honorable mention from the Gravity Research Foundation for 1988.     

Validity of the limp model for porous materials: a criterion based on the Biot theory

The validity of using the limp model for porous materials is addressed in this paper. The limp model is derived from the poroelastic Biot model assuming that the frame has no bulk stiffness. Being an equivalent fluid model accounting for the motion of the frame, it has fewer limitations than the usual equivalent fluid model assuming a rigid frame. A criterion is proposed to identify the porous materials for which the limp model can be used. It relies on a new parameter, the frame stiffness influence (FSI), based on porous material properties. The critical values of FSI under which the limp model can be used are determined using a one-dimensional analytical modeling for two boundary sets: absorption of a porous layer backed by a rigid wall and radiation of a vibrating plate covered by a porous layer. Compared with other criteria, the criterion associated with FSI provides information in a wider frequency range and can be used for configurations that include vibrating plates.     

力梯度辛方法在圆型限制性三体问题中的应用

旋转坐标系下的圆型限制性三体问 题因含非惯性系所附加的影响部分使得动能不是动量的严格二次型, 可能导致力梯度辛积分算法的应用遇到困难. 从Lie算子运算出发, 严格论证了力梯度算子在这种情形下的物理意义 仍然像质心惯性坐标系下的圆型限制性三体问题那样是引力的梯度, 而不是引力与非惯性力所得合力的梯度, 表明了力梯度辛方法适合求解旋转坐标系下的圆型限制性三体问题. 通过应用四阶力梯度辛方法、最优化四阶力梯度辛方法和Forest-Ruth 辛方法分别求解该问题, 进行了数值对比研究, 结果显示最优化型力梯度算法能够取得最好精度. 还应用最优化型算法计算两邻近轨道的Lyapunov指数和快速Lyapunov指标, 确保高精度辛方法能够贯穿于这些混沌指标计算的全过程, 以便准确刻画此系统的动力学定性性质. 关键词： 辛积分器 圆型限制性三体问题 混沌 Lyapunov指数     

冷却储存环主环磁铁的准直测量

 采用激光跟踪仪及配套带软件Insight对兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环主环磁铁进行了安装和准直。首先建立全局坐标系，用来确定从源体到实验环各子系统的理论原点的位置；而各个子系统又分别以各自的理论原点为基础建立局部坐标系，用来安装定位本系统内的各个元件；对各个子系统中的每一个元件还采用了元件坐标系。准直测量时，先在每块磁铁上焊接8个测量基准；然后对磁铁上的基准进行测量，以确定其在元件坐标系中的位置；再架设激光跟踪仪，测量主环控制网点，恢复主环局部坐标系，根据元件在主环局部坐标系中的位置及理论坐标，计算出相关的变换参数；转入元件坐标系，采用激光跟踪仪及Insight 软件显示实时测量坐标及其与理论值之差，其精度达到0.15 mm。