改良干法压裂液摩擦阻力特性实验研究

对改良的干法压裂液这种非牛顿流体的摩擦阻力特性的正确认识,关系着干法压裂技术的有效实施.为此,本文在大型高压泡沫压裂液实验回路上,考察了在模拟实际施工条件下的改良干法压裂的摩擦阻力特性.实验表明:改良后的干法压裂液摩擦阻力系数随压力、温度的升高和泡沫质量的增加而增大,随流速的增加而减小.在实验范围内,温度对摩擦阻力系数的影响不大.实验得到了改良的干法压裂液摩擦阻力系数与广义雷诺数的关联式,平均计算误差为9.19%.     

Three-Parameter Liquid-Drop Model Describing a Large-Amplitude Collective Nuclear Motion

In this paper, the liquid-drop model with three parameters {c, h,a} is used to describe symmetric or asymmetric fission process. The analytical expression of the effective moment of inertia is given. The inertial and frictional tensors of nucleus are evaluated by the Werner-Wheeler method. Based on a standard liquid-drop model, the Coulomb energy and surface energy are accurately calculated. The scission point of the fissioning nucleus is defined by energy criteria. The salient features of the dynamical coefficients are discussed.     

Time dependent magnetization of a Zn0.1Fe0.9Fe2O4 fine magnetic particle system

The time dependent magnetization measurements of the fine particles (100Å) of Zn_0.1Fe_0.9Fe₂O₄ ferrite system at 68 K are reported. The time decay of magnetization is found to be logarithmic. The time dependent co-efficient varies with the applied field and is maximum at coercive field. The value of anisotropy obtained from the variation of time dependent co-efficient with field agrees well with earlier results.     

Optimisation of glass cover inclination for maximum yield in a solar still

In this communication, a thermal analysis of solar distillation has been developed to optimise the inclination of the glass cover for maximum yield. Further, the effect of inclination on the internal heat and mass transfer relation, the water and the glass cover temperature have also been carried out. Based on numerical computation for winter and summer climate conditions, it is infered that:

• 1.(i) the yield increases with increase of inclination in winter and vice-versa in summer;
• 2.(ii) there is a significant reduction in evaporative heat transfer co-efficient with increase of inclination in summer and winter.

     

Structural optimization for the avoidance of self-excited vibrations based on analytical models

Self-excited vibrations are a severe problem in many technical applications. In many cases they are caused by friction as for example in disk and drum brakes, clutches, saws and paper calenders. The goal to suppress self-excited vibrations can be reached by active and passive techniques, the latter ones being preferable due to the lower costs. Among design engineers it is known that breaking the symmetries of structures is sometimes helpful to avoid self-excited vibrations. This has been verified from an analytical point of view in a recent paper. The goal of the present paper is to use this analytical insight for a systematic structural optimization of rotors in frictional contact. The first system investigated is a simple discrete model of a rotor in frictional contact. As a continuous example a rotating beam in frictional contact is considered and optimized with respect to its bending stiffness. Finally a brake disk is optimized giving some attention to the feasibility of the modifications for the production process.     

Analysing Hessence Intermediate and Logamediate Universe in Loop Quantum Cosmological Background

We have discussed here Hessence inflation in Loop Quantum Cosmological background. In this work, we have emphasized on late times, taking into account various slow-roll conditions. This model has been constructed taking intermediate and logamediate scale factors. In both cases the forms of hessence field, potential, number of e-folds, slow-roll parameters are manipulated by taking the dissipative co-efficient Γ =Γ₀, where Γ₀ > 0 is a constant, in accordance with second law of thermodynamics.     

Frictional cooling: Experimental results

The classical methods used in beam cooling are hard to be adapted for a beam of short-lived elementary particles. A novel method, the so-called frictional cooling – that is cooling a beam of low-energy charged particles by moderation in matter and acceleration in an electrostatic field – has been shown to be feasible. In our experiments performed in 1994/1995 a beam of short-lived particles was cooled for the first time ever. Utilizing frictional cooling on a beam of slow negative muons we observed increase in phase space density by about one order of magnitude. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of substrate dimensions on dynamics of ultrasonic consolidation

An FEM model is developed for a fundamental study of the time-dependent mechanical behavior of the substrate and its dimensions on ultrasonic consolidation. The simulation shows that for a given vibration condition, the amplitude of contact friction stress and displacement stabilizes to a saturated state after certain number of ultrasonic cycles. With the increased substrate height, the amplitude of contact frictional stress decreases, while that of contact interface displacement increases. The reason for the decrease in the frictional stress at the contact interface for certain substrate heights is the complicated wave interference occurring in the substrate. An analytical wave model has been built to validate the FEM model. A specific substrate geometry (height:width = 1.0) generates a minimum frictional strain state at the interface as a result of wave superposition. Such minimum strain state is believed to have produced the “lack of bonding” defect for the geometry. The energy density and transfer coefficient at the contact interface with different substrate heights is used as an indicator to correlate with the bond formation in ultrasonic bonding.     

球形壳层介质的光散射

本文以球形壳层介质为模型，根据电磁理论，求出了球形壳层介质散射系数的解析表达式。并在小颗粒近似条件下，给出了近似解及等效偶极矩。最后与实验结果进行了比较。     

Optical studies on glycine sodium nitrate: A semiorganic nonlinear optical crystal

A semiorganic non-linear optical single crystal of glycine sodium nitrate has been grown from aqueous solution by unidirectional crystal growth method. The phase of the grown crystal was identified using single crystal X-ray analysis. The functional groups present in the crystal were identified using FTIR analysis. Optical absorption studies have confirmed that the grown crystal possess less absorption in the entire visible region. A stable broad peak in the violet region was observed in the emission spectrum. Thermal stability and melting temperature of the as grown crystal was identified from TG-DTA analysis. The mechanical strength and the work hardening co-efficient were determined from Vicker's microhardness measurements for different loads. Dielectric behaviour of the grown crystal was studied and the results are discussed in detail.     

Medium velocity impact triboelectrification experiments with JSC Mars-1 regolith simulant

As land-based robotic missions to Mars have increased in scope and mobility, NASA has intensified its research efforts involving the mechanisms of electrostatic charging on the surface of Mars. The primary concern is that electrostatic adhesion and discharge might interfere with the operation of sensitive components, or interfere with communications and control systems. A secondary effect might be the electrostatic build-up of dust on solar panels, reducing mission effectiveness. One goal of this research is to assist in the development of electrostatic mitigation, including the selection of materials that resist excessive charging when placed in frictional contact with the Martian regolith.¹ However, most information related to frictional charging, or triboelectrification, is of an empirical nature. Based on experimentation, some materials have historically been arranged into triboelectric series in which the magnitude and sign of charge acquired through frictional contact can be predicted with reasonable accuracy. However, Martian regolith is not a homogeneous substance, so the approach of the traditional triboelectic series cannot be easily applied. Furthermore, an adequate theory that fully explains triboelectrification does not yet exist. For these reasons, it is necessary to empirically determine the materials and environmental conditions in which frictional charging on Mars becomes significant.Therefore, an experimental procedure has been developed for determining some triboelectric charging characteristics of JSC MARS-1 regolith simulant, based on a shaker box concept suggested by Dr. Carlos Calle of the Materials Research Laboratory at Kennedy Space Center. Over 300 trials under specific test conditions have been performed using this test procedure, with materials common to NASA project equipment used in space exploration. Test results indicate that moderately successful control over test conditions has been achieved, but the acquired electrostatic charge of the regolith simulant did not follow expected trends for all test materials. An analysis of time dependence trials conducted during this study indicates that at least two distinct, identifiable charging mechanisms affected magnitude and sign of the cumulative charge. The first is triboelectrification between the simulant and the test material. The second is inter-particle charging of the regolith simulant, with subsequent transfer between the test material and simulant. With some test materials these differing mechanisms yielded opposing charge polarities, in that the resulting magnitude of the acquired charge appears to be the difference, not the sum of the charging processes.     

Pion absorption by16O using realistic interactions—II: Free pion absorption followed by emission of proton

Matrix element of the Gallilean invariant nonrelativistic reduction of the pseudoscalar-pseudovector interaction has been calculated for free pion absorption by a single nucleon inside the nucleus of¹⁶O. The Hartree-Fock wavefunctions obtained with the unitary-model-operator approach starting with the hard-core nucleon-nucleon interaction have been used for the π-capturing nucleon in the initial state. The initial pion distortion in the presence of nuclear field of the absorbing nucleus prior to its absorption together with the Coulomb interaction with the finite nuclear size has been taken into account. The distortion of the emitted proton in the field of the residual nucleus has also been considered. The differential cross-sections have been obtained and calculated results are compared with the previous experimental and theoretical work.     

塑压接触平面上之长程滑动与短程滑动(等倾陡线规律)

塑压接触面之质点滑动线称“摩擦线”。滑动现象有两种基本类型,一为“长程滑动”,摩擦线为质点之长程连续轨迹,如抽拔,挤压,冲压等塑性过程中之滑动;一为“短程滑动”,质点仅在摩擦线上滑动一微小距离,如锻,轧,压力实验等过程中之滑动(小压缩时)。过去对这两种滑动现象之规律未曾分别处理。本文将摩擦力接纯力学关系视为一切应力,即压应力p与摩擦应力τ,以边界平衡关系,相系于一应力函数F: τ=Fp, F=((l₁²p₁²+l₂²p₂²+l₃²p₃²)/(l₁²p₁+l₂²p₂+l₃²p₃)²)^1/2-1, p₁,p₂,p₃为内部主应力; l₁,l₂, l₃为p对p₁,p₂,p₃之夹角余弦。除视τ为p之函数τ=τ(p)外,对摩摩力之物理性质不作规定。在此基础上,以住意质点滑动之最小摩阻功为基本条件分析滑向规律,一如任意质点滑动之最小摩阻力条件之于“陡线规律”。如此,则问题类于古典变分问题,变分方程引出两结论:在短程滑动中,滑向规律为已知之陡线规律;在长程滑动中为以下将提出之“等倾陡线规律”。并得到几个有关重要推论。     

Effect of C60 molecular rotation on nanotribology

The effect of C60 molecular rotation on the nanotribological properties of C60 single crystal surfaces has been studied by atomic/frictional force microscopy. The orientational order-disorder phase transition, in which the high temperature C60 free rotation is reduced to a low temperature hindered rotation, is shown to give rise to an abrupt change in friction and adhesion. This change in frictional force is quantitatively consistent with the observed change in adhesion. The similar slopes of the friction versus load curves in both phases indicate that the friction coefficient in the two phases remains about the same. Hence the C60 rotation does not provide an additional energy dissipation channel in the friction process.     

Interfacial debonding and slipping of carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites under two-stage cyclic loading

In this paper, the interface debonding and frictional slipping of carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) under two-stage cyclic fatigue loading have been investigated using micromechanics approach. Under cyclic fatigue loading, the fiber/matrix interface shear stress degrades with increasing cycle number due to interface wear. The synergistic effect of interface wear and fatigue loading sequence on interface debonding and frictional slipping has been analyzed. Based on the fatigue damage mechanism of fiber slipping relative to matrix, in the interface debonded region, upon unloading and subsequent reloading, the interface debonded length and interface slip lengths, i.e. interface counter-slip length and interface new-slip length, are determined using the fracture mechanics approach. The relationships between interface debonding, interface slipping, interface wear, cycle number, and different loading sequences are determined. There are two types of fatigue loading sequences considered, i.e. (1) cyclic loading under low peak stress for N₁ cycles, and then high peak stress; and (2) cyclic loading under high peak stress for N₁ cycles, and then low peak stress. The effects of peak stress level, interface wear, cycle number, and loading sequence on interface debonding and frictional slipping of fiber-reinforced CMCs have been analyzed. The fatigue hysteresis loops of cross-ply carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite corresponding to different cycle number under two-stage cyclic fatigue loading have been predicted.     

Stability of a Stratified Layer of a Gravitating Partially Ionized Plasma

The instability in a stratified layer of a self-gravitating partially ionized plasma has been studied in the presence of effects of Hall currents. For a plasma permeated by a uniform vertical magnetic field, the dispersion relation has been obtained through variational method. It is found that the Hall currents have a destabilizing effect while the neutral gas frictional effects have a stabilizing influence.     

中子诱发12C反应的理论计算与分析

利用统一的Hauser–Feshbach理论和角动量相关的激子模型,以中子诱发¹²C反应为例,研究了轻核反应的反应机制和轻核反应的特点,并进行了理论计算,同时与实验数据进行了比较.     

Stability of a Stratified Partially Ionized Plasma in a Horizontal Magnetic Field

The dynamic instability of a composite hydromagnetic compressible plasma has been studied to include the effects of finite electrical conductivity. Making use of existence of the variational principle which is shown to characterize the problem, proper solutions have been obtained for a semi-infinite composite plasma having density stratification along the vertical. It is found that the frictional effects with neutrals have a stabilizing influence on the growth rate of the unstable disturbances while compressibility as well as magnetic resistivity both have a destabilizing influence.     

Measurement of the frictional forces in fretting fatigue

This paper presents the results of a study of the frictional forces associated with the tangential harmonic displacements of a slider in the frequency range from 20 to 1000 Hz.On the basis of our experiments, we establish that the frictional interaction creates a normal periodic force which, in turn, creates normal vibrations leading to a change in the actual load and hence in the peak value of the force of friction.A change in the force of friction with the frequency of the tangential displacements has also been noted elsewhere [1]; however, the causes of this behavior have not previously been ascertained.We show that the force of friction depends significantly not only on the amplitude of the normal vibrations but also on the phase-frequency-relations between the vibrations in the normal and tangential directions.