Magnetization curves for general cylindrical samples in a transverse field

Using the recent results for the surface current density on cylindrical surfaces of arbitrary cross-section producing uniform interior magnetic field we propose a method for obtaining solutions of Bean’s critical state model for general cylindrical samples. The method uses the technique of conformal mapping to express the sample surface and the flux-fronts in terms of a set of coefficients that depend on a parameter. The flux-fronts are to be determined by solving a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the coefficients. Retaining only a certain finite number of leading coefficients we get an approximate solution. The procedure is illustrated by considering two cyclindrical samples — one with an elliptical cross-section and the other with a non-elliptical cross-section. The virgin curve and small and large magnetization hysteresis loops for the two samples are obtained.     

Magnetization curves for non-elliptic cylindrical samples in a transverse field

Using recent results for the surface current density on cylindrical surfaces of arbitrary cross-section producing uniform interior magnetic field and an assumed set of flux-fronts, solutions of Bean’s critical state model for cylindrical samples with non-elliptic cross-section are presented. Magnetization hysteresis loops for two cross-sections with different aspect ratios are obtained. A comparison with some exact results shows the limitations of this approach.     

Low field anomaly in magnetization curves

We present a calculation of the isothermal magnetization hysteresis curves appropriate to highT _csuperconductors. We discuss the nature of the low field anomaly as one goes from this strong pinning case to the weak pinning case. We show that the shape of the equilibrium (thermodynamic) magnetization curve is recovered in the limit ofJ _capproaching zero.     

Magnetization studies in niobium and YBa2Cu3O7 samples

The results of experimental studies on hysteresis in magnetization, thermomagnetic history effects, anomalous variations in magnetic hysteresis curves and the decay rates of magnetization obtained under different thermomagnetic histories in specimens of conventional and high temperature superconductors are presented. The Bean’s critical state model is considered adequate to explain magnetic behaviour in conventional hard superconductors. The similarity in the general features of the results of different experiments on specimens of the two families of superconductors underscores the efficacy of the said model to understand some aspects of the macroscopic magnetic response of high temperature superconductors as well. For instance, the isothermal magnetization hysteresis loop which comprises of magnetization curves along forward (−H _max to +H _max) and reverse (+H _max to −H _max) paths define an envelop within which all isothermal magnetization data along different thermomagnetic histories lie. There exist inequality relationship between various field values identified asH _peak,H _I,H _II etc. in isothermal magnetization hysteresis as well as magnetic relaxation data. The entire field span of an isothermal magnetization hysteresis data set can be considered to comprise of three parts corresponding to (M _rem(H)−M _FC(H)+M _ZFC(H)) being equal to, less than or greater than zero, whereM _rem(H) are the remanent magnetization values obtained on reducing field to zero after having the specimen in different applied field (H) values. There are, however some situations amongst thermomagnetic history effects in specimens which show incomplete flux trapping on field cooling, where the critical state model has been found inadequate.     

Geometry effect on the nonlinear magnetic response of YBa2Cu3O7−y

Results are presented for study of nonlinear magnetization of a sintered YBa₂Cu₃O_7−y pellet of different thickness of a sample subjected to very low magnetic field. On cooling the sample belowT _c in zero field a change, in the oscillatory structure of harmonics in increasing dc field is observed in very low ac magnetic field. The effect of finiteness of the sample on the oscillatory structure and on the hysteresis of harmonics is also studied. The results are explained qualitatively.     

Field-cooled measurements of harmonic generation in magnetization of high-T c superconductors

We present measurements of harmonic generation in the magnetization of sintered pellets of YBa₂Cu₃O₇ and Bi_1.7Pb_0.3Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O₁₀ as a function of DC field. The DC field is applied in the field-cooled mode. Measurements are made at 77 K for various values of the AC field amplitude. A comparison is made with calculations done within the critical state model.     

Magnetization curves of randomly oriented ferromagnetic single-domain nanoparticles with combined symmetry of magnetic anisotropy

The magnetization curves of randomly oriented nanoparticles with combined symmetry of magnetic anisotropy were studied. The composite mode of the Stoner–Wolfarth model has been used. In terms of this model each nanoparticle is characterized by random cubic crystalline magnetic anisotropy and by random uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. The series of simulated magnetization curves have been obtained. Each curve corresponds to different contributions of cubic and uniaxial magnetic anisotropy energy to the full energy of an individual nanoparticle k_u. Within this series we discuss the values of remnant magnetization, coercive force, both initial and maximal susceptibilities as the function of k_u. It is found that the magnetic properties are not monotonous functions of k_u. We discuss the possibility of comparing the calculated magnetization curves with the experimental curves in order to obtain new information on the magnetic constant.     

Magnetization of Gd diffused YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor：Experiment and theory

The magnetization of Gd diffused YBa2Cu3O7-x is measured by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) at selected temperatures (5, 25, 50, 77 K). The experimental results for the magnetization are analyzed in the critical state framework involving Kim-Anderson field dependence Jc(H)=Jc0/(1+|H|/H0)n of critical current density and equilibrium magnetization M eq . It is found that the inclusion of the equilibrium magnetization becomes more important at higher temperatures. At 77 K, the shape of the isothermal M-H hysteresis curve is governed by the equilibrium magnetization. Some superconducting parameters are determined by fitting the calculated curves to the experimental data.     

Equations of state for the hard disk fluids

By using the published accurate new virial coefficients B₁₁～B₁₄ for the hard disk fluids [C. Zhang and B.M. Pettitt, Mol. Phys., 2014, 112, 1427], we here propose a new updated version of Tian-Gui-Mulero equation of state [J.X. Tian, Y.X. Gui and A. Mulero, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 13597]. Compared with other proposals, the new version stands strongly to be the only which can reproduce the known virial coefficients B₂～B₁₃ at the same time that can describe the relation of the compressibility factor versus the packing fraction for the hard disk fluids with high accuracy.     

Measurement and understanding of magnetization in AC and DC fields and the determination of intragrainH c1 in highT c RBa2Cu3O7 superconductors

We present DC and low frequency AC magnetization measurements on various RBa₂Cu₃O₇ superconductors. We identify features intrinsic to these compounds, and establish the features originating from intergranular links in sintered pellets. The isothermal magnetization curves, and the temperature dependence of magnetization in field-cooled and zero field-cooled states are shown to be consistent with the calculations done following a recent extension of Bean’s model. Low field anomalies predicted within this model are observed, and yieldH _c1 values of a few Oe. These values are shown to be consistent with the temperature variation of magnetization. A comparison is made with the other existing data and it is demonstrated that earlier quoted values ofH _c1 are gross overestimates.     

Existence and Order of the Phase Transition of the Ising Model with Fixed Magnetization

Properties of the two dimensional Ising model with fixed magnetization are deduced from known exact results on the two dimensional Ising model. The existence of a continuous phase transition is shown for arbitrary values of the fixed magnetization when crossing the boundary of the coexistence region. Modifications of this result for systems of spatial dimension greater than two are discussed.     

Magnetization of two-dimensional heavy holes with boundaries in a perpendicular magnetic field

The magnetisation of heavy holes in III--V semiconductor quantum wells with Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in an external perpendicular magnetic field is studied theoretically. We concentrate on the effects on the magnetisation induced by the system boundary, the Rashba SOC and the temperature. It is found that the sawtooth-like de Haas--van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations of the magnetisation will change dramatically in the presence of such three factors. Especially, the effects of the edge states and Rashba SOC on the magnetisation are more evident when the magnetic field is smaller. The oscillation center will shift when the boundary effect is considered and the Rashba SOC will bring beating patterns to the dHvA oscillations. These effects on the dHvA oscillations are preferably observed at low temperatures. With increasing temperature, the dHvA oscillations turn to be blurred and eventually disappear.     

第二类超导体输运临界电流密度的一个临界态模型计算

给出了第二类超导体临界电流密度随样品尺寸及外加磁场变化的一个临界态模型计算。计算中考虑了样品中混合态与迈斯纳态共存的情况。用该模型对Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10样品的实验测量结果进行了模拟计算,并讨论了有关问题。     

Construction of simple approximants for the structure factor and magnetization for the simple cubic Ising model

A renormalization group method is used to construct approximants for the magnetization,m, and the static structure factor, (q), for the simple cubic Ising model. Using the best values for the thermal critical index, the transition temperature, and the nearest-neighbor correlation function as input, we obtain recursion relations form and (q) which lead to reasonable results over a wide range of temperatures and wave numbers.     

平均电流控制型Boost功率因数校正变换器中的中频振荡现象分析

基于输入电压可用其有效值代替以及电感电流与输出电压的波动频率远低于变换器开关频率的假设,建立了用于描述平均电流控制型Boost PFC变换器动力学行为的小信号模型,研究了该变换器中的中频振荡现象问题,揭示了系统发生中频振荡现象的内在物理机理,并给出了系统发生中频振荡现象的参数边界.研究结果表明,该非线性现象不同于已发现的快尺度不稳定性现象和慢尺度不稳定性现象,其主要特征是其振荡频率介于交流输入电压线频率和开关频率之间.最后,电路实验结果证实了理论分析的正确性. 关键词： 中频振荡 平均电流控制 Boost功率因数校正变换器 小信号模型     

An Efficient Implementation of High-Order Coupled-Cluster Techniques Applied to Quantum Magnets

We illustrate how the systematic inclusion of multi-spin correlations of the quantum spin–lattice systems can be efficiently implemented within the framework of the coupled-cluster method by examining the ground-state properties of both the square-lattice and the frustrated triangular-lattice quantum antiferromagnets. The ground-state energy and the sublattice magnetization are calculated for the square-lattice and triangular-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnets, and our best estimates give values for the sublattice magnetization which are 62% and 51% of the classical results for the square and triangular lattices, respectively. We furthermore make a conjecture as to why previous series expansion calculations have not indicated Néel-like long-range order for the triangular-lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet. We investigate the critical behavior of the anisotropic systems by obtaining approximate values for the positions of phase transition points.