温度对普通硬磁泡的影响

实验研究了温度对外延石榴石磁泡薄膜中硬磁泡及其相应硬条畴的影响。发现了一个与材料参量有关的临界温度T₀当试验温度T0时,硬条畴畴壁中的VBL链在升降温后不变;而当T>T₀时,VBL链消失,所有硬磁泡都软化为正常磁泡。当畴壁中的VBL处于压缩态时,较硬的硬磁泡在较低的温度下软化。软化时,VBL消失的方式是整个VBL链的解体。 关键词：     

INFLUENCE OF IN-PLANE FIELD ON THE STABILITY OF VERTICAL BLOCH LINE CHAINS IN HARD DOMAINS OF GARNET BUBBLE FILMS

The stability of vertical Bloch line (VBL) chains was statistically studied for all three types of bard domains in garnet bubble films subjected to an in-plane field H_ip. With a set of integrate data taken from seven bubble samples and with two typical figures of a sample, four main features of the behavior of VBL chains subjected to H_ip were summarized.     

枝状畴的形成及分形维数计算

对于石榴石磁泡薄膜,提出了产生单个枝状畴（MBD)的“低静态偏磁场法”.MBD的形成是与其畴壁内垂直布洛赫线（VBL）的形核相联系的.随着静态偏磁场H_b从“枝状膨胀的临界偏磁场”H[d]的降低,相应的MBD的畴形变得越来越复杂,伴随有几类硬磁泡的相继形成.对MBD进行了分形研究,把线结构维数的计算应用于MBD极其弯曲的畴壁结构,定量地描述了它们的弯曲和分枝程度,并与其畴壁内VBL的形核联系起来. 关键词：     

垂直布洛赫线在畴段畴壁中的形成和消失

在不同的直流偏场下,对脉冲偏场作用后的磁泡膜中的磁畴观测结果表明:磁泡膨胀时的分枝生长往往伴随有大量垂直布洛赫线(以下称VBL)产生;它的正负与反向畴膨胀时所施加的直流偏场大小有确定关系;在幅度不太高的系列脉冲作用下畴端运动可使畴壁中形成大量VBL;足够强的脉冲偏场可使VBL消失。 关键词：     

ANNIHILATION OF VERTICAL-BLOCH-LINE CHAINS IN THE WALLS OF THE SECOND KIND OF DUMBBELL DOMAINS SUBJECTED TO JOINT STATIC BIAS FIELD AND IN-PLANE FIELD

Experiments were statistically carried out on the behavior of vertical-Bloch-line(VBL) chains in the walls of the second kind of dumbbell domains (IIDs) is garnet bubble films subjected to joint action of static bias field H_b and in-plane field H_ip. The curves of the four critical in-plane fields, (H_ip)_IID-ID (H_ip)_IID-OHB (H_ip)_IID-SB and H'_ip vs H_b were measured and explained. In particular, in terms of two series of IID photos, a new experimental manifestation of the unknown "number effect" of VBL chains was found.     

石榴石磁泡膜中3类硬磁畴的形成方法

研究石榴石磁泡膜中硬磁畴畴壁中垂直布洛赫线的稳定性可为研制布洛赫线存储器提供有益的帮助 .3类硬磁畴的形成是研究硬磁畴稳定性的前提 .本文综述了在石榴石磁泡膜上形成硬磁畴的 2类方法———“脉冲偏场法”和“低直流偏场法” .结合文献中的典型样品 ,对用“脉冲偏场法”和“低直流偏场法”形成 3类硬磁畴的过程进行了简单介绍 .     

一次脉冲偏磁场作用下硬磁泡的形成

实验研究了一次脉冲偏场作用下外延石榴石膜硬磁泡的形成规律。通过实验和计算,证明了硬泡畴壁中同号的VBL一般地说并非一个脉冲产生一对。通过双重曝光照相法揭示出软畴段的硬化与畴段运动形式的关系,发现了最适于硬泡形成的两种运动形式,并阐明了“软硬磁泡形成的分界场”H_[b]的物理意义。 关键词：     

脉冲偏磁场作用下硬磁泡形成与温度的关系

用一次脉冲偏场法研究了外延石榴石磁泡薄膜条状畴畴壁中VBL群体形成与温度的关系。发现了与材料参量有关的临界温度T₀₂,当T>T₀₂时,硬磁泡不再形成。还发现了当T02时,VBL群体形成有两个明显不同的阶段,它们的分界温度为T₀₁。定性解释了第一个阶段的实验曲线并用双重曝光照相法揭示了两个阶段中导致软畴段硬化的运动形式的差别。 关键词：     

FORMATION OF MULTI-BRANCHED DOMAINS IN GARNET BUBBLE FILMS BY LOW-BIAS-PULSE METHOD

The formation of multi-branched domains( MBDs) at low static bias field was first studied. With multiple branches, MBDs contain more or less same-signed vertical-Bloch-lines (VBLs) in their walls, Experiments. on four samples have shown that under certain conditions, the amount and hardness of the MBDs formed can be easily controlled, and so-called "low-bias-field method" is another effective way to form VBL chains. It was found that MBDs are formed due to the expansion of domain segments after compressed by a rectangular bias pulse. The number of VBLs nucleated in domain walls is affected by the space where the domains expand rapidly.     

Synthesis and fluorescent investigations of VBL-based waterborne polyurethane dye

Fluorescent brightening agent VBL-based waterborne polyurethane dye (VBL-WPU) was synthesized by incorporation of VBL into waterborne polyurethane chains. The expected structure of polymeric fluorescent brightening agent was confirmed by FT-IR and UV-vis spectra. The molecular weight, average particle sizes and the contents of VBL segments in VBL-WPU were investigated. This polymeric dye exhibited intriguing optical behaviors. The absorption and emission maxima of VBL-WPU showed obviously hypsochromic shift in comparison with those of VBL. The fluorescence intensity of the polymer was prominently enhanced comparing with VBL because of the changes of micro-circumstance of VBL. Furthermore, the fluorescence of VBL-WPU was not sensitive to hydroquinone quencher.     

面内磁场对硬磁泡形成的影响

实验研究了面内磁场对一次脉冲偏磁场作用下外延石榴石薄膜中硬磁泡形成的影响,发现存在一个使硬磁泡不再形成的临界面内磁场H_in⁰,它与材料参量有关,通过实验,运用面内磁场对条状畴的作用和枝状畴的形成,定性解释了软硬磁泡形成的分界场H_[b]随面内磁场增大、快降以及缓降这三个物理过程。 关键词：     

Influence of Temperature on Equilibrium Separation Between Vertical Bloch Lines in OHBs in Garnet Bubble Films

The diameters of the ordinary hard bubbles （OHBs） and soft bubbles in epitaxial garnet films are measured under the microscope at various temperatures. It is found that the bubble diameters of OHBs increase with temperature, and it is concluded that the equilibrium separation between two neighbouring vertical Bloch lines （VBLs） Seq is widened with increasing temperature. At the same time, the results can be understood simply as that there are more VBLs in the domain walls of the first dumbbell domains （IDs） than those in walls of OHBs at the same temperature.     

三类硬磁畴的形成及静态特性

本文提出畴壁中含有大量VBL的石榴石磁泡材料的三类硬磁畴的分类标准,描述了它们的形成方法和静态特性,并示出典型照片。从形成条件可以合理地推论,畴壁中VBL数目的增加导致硬磁畴静态特性的质的变化。 关键词：     

Particle tracks and the mechanism of decoherence in a model bubble chamber

We put forward a toy model for a “bubble chamber” and study its interaction with an incoming object particle. We discuss the notion of particle “tracks” inside the bubble chamber and analyze the mechanisms that provoke a loss of quantum mechanical coherence (decoherence). The model is solvable and provides interesting insights into some of the most salient features of the interaction between a microscopic particle and a macroscopic device.     

脉冲偏场作用下石榴石磁泡薄膜中布洛赫线的形成

实验研究了石榴石磁泡薄膜中不同脉冲宽度下产生的硬磁畴的动态特性.结果表明：由零偏场下产生的枝状畴收缩而成的哑铃畴均逆时针转动,与产生枝状畴时所用的脉冲偏场的脉冲宽度无关.而固定直流偏场下由软畴段硬化而成的哑铃畴的转动状态,则与所用的硬化脉冲偏场的脉冲宽度有关.低脉冲宽度下硬化成的哑铃畴均逆时针转动,随硬化脉冲宽度的升高,出现混合转动向顺时针转动的过渡.由此揭示了直流偏场和脉冲偏场在石榴石磁泡薄膜中形成正、负垂直布洛赫线的作用. 关键词： 磁畴 磁泡 垂直布洛赫线     

Structure and Shape Memory Properties of Polyurethane Copolymers Having Urethane Chains as Soft Segments

Shape memory polyurethanes are usually fabricated with low-molecular weight polyols through a two-step copolymerization, which often results in difficulty attaining both desired shape memory switch temperature and optimal thermomechanical properties. Here we present a series of shape memory polyurethane copolymers having urethane chains as soft segments. The structure and shape memory properties of copolymers were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, small angle x-ray scattering, and thermomechanical tests. Increasing the length of the urethane soft segments enhanced phase separation, while it brought little change to the glass transition temperature (T _g). Based on the urethane soft segments, some rigid chain extenders could be readily introduced into the backbone of copolymers, resulting in better phase separation. All polyurethane copolymers exhibited more than 90% of shape recovery. The shape recovery of the materials was proved to be inversely proportional to the fraction of hard phase and directly proportional to the stability of hard domains. The copolymers containing longer soft and hard segments and rigid chain extenders exhibited higher deformation stress and thus larger recovery stress. The copolymerization employing urethane chains as soft segments can greatly expand flexibility for molecular design and favor the optimization of shape memory properties.     

The magnetic anisotropy of samarium-alnico pseudobinary alloys

The anisotropy properties of samarium-Alnico V pseudobinary alloys have been investigated. With alloys containing less than 12.0 mol% samarium, the K₁ values are negative at 77 K and increase with increasing temperature to approximately zero at room temperature. The K₂ values remain positive at all temperatures. We do not find the easy cone that has long been thought to be existed in those alloys with K₁ < 0 and K₂ #62; 0. In alloys with samarium contents between 13.3 and 19.0 mol%, the K₁ and K₂ values are positive at all temperatures. The anisotropy fields are not changed monotonically in the whole range of 10.1 to 19.0 mol% of samarium. It is concluded that the alloys are characteristics in thermodynamically of first-order transition. We have found that the “hard cone” exists in each of those alloys with samarium content more than 16.0 mol% and at temperatures above 77 K. The alloys with samarium less that 13.4 mol% also have “hard cone” under 77 K. However, the observed “hard cone” is different from the well known one in the first-order magnetization process, and it will collapse to the easy axis when the measuring field and temperature increase while under room temperature.     

Physics of protein folding

Protein physics is grounded on three fundamental experimental facts: protein, this long heteropolymer, has a well defined compact three-dimensional structure; this structure can spontaneously arise from the unfolded protein chain in appropriate environment; and this structure is separated from the unfolded state of the chain by the “all-or-none” phase transition, which ensures robustness of protein structure and therefore of its action. The aim of this review is to consider modern understanding of physical principles of self-organization of protein structures and to overview such important features of this process, as finding out the unique protein structure among zillions alternatives, nucleation of the folding process and metastable folding intermediates. Towards this end we will consider the main experimental facts and simple, mostly phenomenological theoretical models. We will concentrate on relatively small (single-domain) water-soluble globular proteins (whose structure and especially folding are much better studied and understood than those of large or membrane and fibrous proteins) and consider kinetic and structural aspects of transition of initially unfolded protein chains into their final solid (“native”) 3D structures.     

Vertical-bandwidth-limited digital holography

Optical scanning holography (OSH) is a promising technique to acquire a big-size digital hologram. However, the acquisition speed is limited by the mechanical scanner. In this Letter we apply the OSH in conjunction with an anisotropic low-pass filtering pupil to acquire vertical-bandwidth-limited (VBL) holograms. The size and the acquisition time of the VBL hologram can be reduced by one order of magnitude while the horizontal resolution remains the same as the conventional scanning hologram. The VBL hologram can be coded as an off-axis hologram without any postfiltering. Meanwhile, the full horizontal bandwidth of the displaying device can be capitalized.     

Numerical modelling of acoustic cavitation threshold in water with non-condensable bubble nuclei

Numerical modelling of acoustic cavitation threshold in water is presented taking into account non-condensable bubble nuclei, which are composed of water vapor and non-condensable air. The cavitation bubble growth and collapse dynamics are modeled by solving the Rayleigh-Plesset or Keller-Miksis equation, which is combined with the energy equations for both the bubble and liquid domains, and directly evaluating the phase-change rate from the liquid and bubble side temperature gradients. The present work focuses on elucidating acoustic cavitation in water with a wide range of cavitation thresholds (0.02–30 MPa) reported in the literature. Computations for different nucleus sizes and acoustic frequencies are performed to investigate their effects on bubble growth and cavitation threshold. The numerical predictions are observed to be comparable to the experimental data in the previous works and show that the cavitation threshold in water has a wide range depending on the bubble nucleus size.