嵌段共聚物微胶束行为的研究Ⅱ．动态激光光散射法研究聚（苯乙烯－异戊二烯）二嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中微胶束的形成过程

采用动态激光光散射研究聚（苯乙烯－异成二烯）（ＰＳ－ＰＩ）二嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂二氧六环／甲醇混合体系中微胶束的形成过程。讨论了温度、混合溶剂的组成和共聚物分子量对形成微胶束的影响。并对与体积排斥色谱法得到结果的差异进行了讨论，从而提出临界接触浓度的概念。还就实验测得的分子链尺寸和微胶束尺寸进行理论估算，结果符合Ｆｌｏｒｙ无扰链模型。     

嵌段共聚物微胶束行为的研究Ⅲ．动态激光光散射法研究聚（苯乙烯－异戊二烯）星形嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中微胶束的形成过程

采用动态激光光散射研究聚（苯乙烯－异成二烯）（ＰＳ—ＰＩ）星形嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂二氧六环／甲醇混合体系中微胶束的形成过程。讨论了温度、混合溶剂的组成、星形嵌段共聚物的臂数及组成对微胶束形成的影响。验证了临界接触浓度的存在。并就不同结构的星形嵌段共聚物形成微胶束的形成进行了讨论。     

多检测GPC／SEC技术在高分子表征中的应用：V.PS—PI二嵌段共聚物

采用体积排斥色谱法／示差折光指数／直角激光光散射／示差粘度三检测联用技术表征ＰＳ－ＰＩ二嵌段共聚物。计算了共聚物的均方末端距〈γ＾２〉;验证了不同ＰＳ含量的ＰＳ－ＰＩ共聚物符合普适标定关系。结果表明在２５℃的条件下,用体积排斥色谱法／示差折光指数／直角激光光散标／示差粘度三检测联用技术直接获得ＰＳ－ＰＩ共聚物的特性粘度与用Ｈｏ－Ｄｕｃ方程计算得到的特性粘数基本吻合。     

PS-b-PEO-b-PS三嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中的胶束化

应用原子转移自由基聚合,制备了一组窄分布的PS-b-PEO-b-PS三嵌段共聚物。用^1HNMR和TEM表征了它们在选择性溶剂中的胶束化行为。^1HNMR结果表明,共聚物苯环上的质子峰出现在良溶剂(CHCl~3)中,而在选择性溶剂水中消失,证明上述三嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂水中可逆自组装成以PS为核、PEO为壳的胶束。通过TEM考察了胶束的形状及大小,发现体系胶束尺寸呈多分散、粒径大,对形成的原因也提出了可能的解释。     

嵌段共聚物结晶性胶束

近年来嵌段共聚物在选择性溶剂中由结晶驱动形成胶束的自组装过程因其较好的可控性逐渐受到人们的关注.本文首先综述了嵌段共聚物结晶性胶束形貌和尺寸的影响因素,包括溶剂环境、共聚物结构、结晶温度等.然后介绍了结晶性胶束的活性生长以及"嵌段共胶束";最后提出了该研究领域目前存在的问题和今后可能的发展方向.     

荧光探针技术研究共溶剂对PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物溶液胶束的形成及内部结构的影响

选择了甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、乙二醇、乙二胺、乙醇胺及２ 甲氧基乙醇等七种包括单官能团和双官能团共溶剂、与水组成混合溶剂，并利用荧光探针技术研究了共溶剂对环氧乙烷 环氧丙烷 环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯ ＰＰＯ ＰＥＯ）共聚物水溶液胶束形成及其结构的影响，结果表明，一些共溶剂与水和共聚物ＰＰＯ段都具有较好的混溶性，使形成胶束的ＣＭＴ升高，而其它共溶剂的引入则使得形成胶束的ＣＭＴ降低．从共溶剂对所形成胶束的微结构影响看，能与共聚物链有较强作用的双官能团的共溶剂和有较小分子尺寸的共溶剂有利于使形成的胶束具有较紧密的结构，在此条件下，形成胶束的紧密程度决定了胶束内微极性的大小，而与引入共溶剂的极性大小关系不大．     

SEP嵌段共聚物胶束化过程的热力学

本文对苯乙烯/氢化异戊二烯(简称SEP)二嵌段共聚物在混合溶剂正辛烷-苯中的胶束化过程作了深入研究, 建立了用小角激光光散射法测定共聚物在有机溶剂中的临界胶束浓度(CMC)的方法.研究结果表明, 嵌段共聚物在有机溶剂中的胶束化过程与小分子的表面活性剂在水中的胶束化过程有着明显的不同, 前者是熵减和放热过程。     

荧光探针技术研究共溶剂对PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物溶液胶束的形成及内部结构的影响

选择了甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、乙二醇、乙二胺、乙醇胺及２甲氧基乙醇等七种包括单官能团和双官能团共溶剂、与水组成混合溶剂,并利用荧光探针技术研究了共溶剂对环氧乙烷环氧丙烷环氧乙烷（ＰＥＯＰＰＯＰＥＯ）共聚物水溶液胶束形成及其结构的影响,结果表明,一些共溶剂与水和共聚物ＰＰＯ段都具有较好的混溶性,使形成胶束的ＣＭＴ升高,而其它共溶剂的引入则使得形成胶束的ＣＭＴ降低．从共溶剂对所形成胶束的微结构影响看,能与共聚物链有较强作用的双官能团的共溶剂和有较小分子尺寸的共溶剂有利于使形成的胶束具有较紧密的结构,在此条件下,形成胶束的紧密程度决定了胶束内微极性的大小,而与引入共溶剂的极性大小关系不大．     

多检测GPC／SEC技术在高分子表征中的应用：Ⅰ.星形PS—PI共聚物 …

采用体积排斥色谱法（ＳＥＳ）／示差拆光指数（ＲＩ）／直角激光光散射９ＲＡＬＬＳ）／示差粘度（ＤＶ）检测联用技术表征了星形ＰＳ－ＰＩ共聚物。结果表明,当星形ＰＳ／ＰＩ共聚物多达３２臂时还是符合普适标定曲线;对于分子量与淋洗体积曲线,星形ＰＳ－ＰＩ共聚物的臂数越多,向淋洗体积大的方向迁移得就越多;结构因子随星形高聚物臂数的增加而增加。     

含嵌段共聚物“稀固体溶液”中共聚物胶束核的结晶行为

报道了含嵌段共聚物的可结晶型稀固体溶液中，不同共聚物胶束的结晶行为不同；结晶段形成胶束壳和形成胶束核，其结晶行为也相差很大。     

Investigation on micelle forming behavior of poly(styrene-isoprene) diblock copolymers in selective solvents via size exclusion chromatography

Size Exclusion Chromatography(SEC) was used to investigate the micelle forming behavior of Poly(styreneisoprene) diblock copolymers, with same composition and various molecular weight in different selective solvents at different temperatures. The aggregation number and aggregation energy of micelle can be determined. The effects of selective solvent, temperature and molecular weight of PS-PI on micelle forming behavior have been discussed.     

Temperature-dependent micellar structures in poly(styrene-b-isoprene) diblock copolymer solutions near the critical micelle temperature

The temperature dependence of the micelle structures formed by poly(styrene-b-isoprene) (SI) diblock copolymers in the selective solvents diethyl phthalate (DEP) and tetradecane (C14), which are selective for the PS and PI blocks, respectively, have been investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Two nearly symmetric SI diblock copolymers, one with a perdeuterated PS block and the other with a perdeuterated PI block, were examined in both DEP and C14. The SANS scattering length density of the solvent was matched closely to either the core or the corona block. The resulting core and corona contrast data were fitted with a detailed model developed by Pedersen and co-workers. The fits provide quantitative information on micellar characteristics such as aggregation number, core size, overall size, solvent fraction in the core, and corona thickness. As temperature increases, the solvent selectivity decreases, leading to substantial solvent swelling of the core and a decrease in the aggregation number and core size. Both core and corona chains are able to relax their conformations near the critical micelle temperature due to a decrease in the interfacial tension, even though the corona chains are always under good solvent conditions.     

基于星型杂臂环糊精聚合物的纳米胶束: 构筑及包合特性

通过胺化反应和原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP),合成了以β-环糊精为“核”,以1条聚乙二醇和2~4条聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺为“臂”的双亲水性星型杂臂聚合物(MPEG-CD-PNIPAMx)。通过1H NMR,13C NMR和凝胶渗透色谱/多角度激光光散射联用(SEC/MALLS)对其结构进行了表征。对1H NMR峰面积积分计算得聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺“臂”数为2~4。通过紫外-可见分光光度计测得该星型大分子的较低溶液临界温度(LCST)为37℃。MPEG-CD-PNIPAMx在其水溶液温度达到LCST以上时呈现两亲性,并通过疏水相互作用自组装成以聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺为“核”,以β-环糊精及聚乙二醇为“壳”的纳米级胶束粒子。通过MPEG-CD-PNIPAMx及其胶束粒子在芘溶液中的荧光光谱,发现胶束粒子对疏水性客体小分子的包合可发生在处于壳层的β-环糊精的疏水性空腔和胶束粒子的疏水性内核。     

PS-b-PAA两亲性嵌段聚电解质在水溶液中的聚集行为及其流变特性

以两嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸(PS-b-PAA)为研究对象,采用动态光散射(DLS)及透射电镜(TEM)表征了胶束及聚集体的结构,采用应力控制型旋转流变仪AR-G2研究了体系的流变特性.着重考察了聚电解质浓度、pH值以及外加盐(KBr)浓度对其在水中聚集行为的影响及对体系流变特性的影响.发现随着外加盐和聚电解质浓度的增高,体系中的胶束发生聚集,形成更大的聚集体.而pH值对胶束的聚集形态无明显的影响.胶束乳液均呈现明显的剪切变稀特征.然而,随着聚电解质浓度增加,低剪切速率下体系的表观粘度增高;高剪切速率时体系粘度趋于同一值(0.01Pa·s).与纯胶束乳液相比,外加盐的存在导致体系粘度增加;当外加盐浓度增加至4.31g/L,在低剪切速率下,体系出现牛顿平台区.溶液pH值对体系粘度无显著影响.     

Synthesis and aggregation behavior of four-arm star amphiphilic block copolymers in water

We report the first synthesis of amphiphilic four-arm star diblock copolymers consisting of styrene (STY) and acrylic acid (AA) made using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT; Z group approach with no star-star coupling). The polymerization proceeded in an ideal "living" manner. The size of the poly(AA(132)-STY(m)4 stars in DMF were small and close to 7 nm, suggesting no star aggregation. Slow addition of water (pH = 6.8) to this mixture resulted in aggregates of 15 stars per micelle with core-shell morphology. Calculations showed that the polyAA blocks were slightly extended with a shell thickness of 15 nm. Treatment of these micelles with piperidine to cleave the block arms from the core resulted in little or no change on micelle size or morphology, but the polyAA shell thickness was close to 29 nm (33 nm is the maximum at full extension) suggesting a release of entropy when the arms are detached from the core molecule. In this work we showed through the use of star amphiphilic polymers that the micelle size, aggregation number, and morphology could be controlled.     

活性负离子聚合法制备POSS基七臂星形聚合物及其表征

首先利用高真空活性负离子聚合方法制备聚异戊二烯锂(PI-Li)和(聚苯乙烯-b-聚异戊二烯)锂(PS-PI-Li)活性链,再与单羟基七乙烯基多面体齐聚倍半硅氧烷(VPOSS-OH)发生加成反应,一步法制备2种含羟基的七臂星形聚合物.用分级沉淀法去除低加成产物,即可得到纯的七臂星形聚合物7PI-POSS-OH和7(PS-PI)-POSS-OH,利用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、核磁共振波谱(1H-,13C-NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)表征了聚合物的化学结构、分子量及分子量分布,并通过热失重分析(TGA)测试了聚合物的热分解温度.     

两亲性嵌段共聚物复合胶束在高强聚焦超声下的释放响应行为

采用共溶剂法制备了聚氧乙烯-b-聚(芘甲基丙烯酸甲酯)两亲性嵌段共聚物胶束(ACM)和由ACM包覆疏水染料尼罗红的复合胶束(ACM-N).采用IR,扫描电镜(SEM),动态光散射仪(DLS)监测ACM-N中尼罗红在高强聚焦超声辐射下的释放响应行为.监测结果表明,超声辐射使共聚物的大部分酯键断裂,由两亲性变为单亲水性,胶束结构被破坏.     

A neutron scattering study of the structure and water partitioning of selectively deuterated copolymer micelles

We present a scattering study of a selectively deuterated micelle-forming diblock copolymer. The copolymer comprises a partially deuterated polystyrene (d,h-PS) block and an imidazolium-functionalized PS (IL) block. In toluene solutions, the copolymers assemble into elongated micelles where the IL block forms the micelle core. Through dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, we obtain the overall size of the micelles. In our small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies, we use contrast matching to characterize the IL core and the PS shell of the micelles independently. The PS block forming the micelle shell exhibits either a starlike or brushlike conformation depending upon the size of the core to which it is tethered. We find the IL block to be in an extended conformation, driving the formation of slightly elongated and relatively stiff micelle cores. The elongated micelle core cross-sectional radius and length depend linearly on the length of the IL block. We find that the micelles can sequester a few water molecules for each IL repeat unit; the addition of water slightly increases the cross section of the elongated micelles.