双模板法制备分级孔结构SiC陶瓷

以冰晶和聚苯乙烯(PS)微球为模板,微米级SiC粉体为原料,通过双模板法制备了具有三级孔径分布的多孔SiC陶瓷.研究了SiC的固含量和PS微球的大小对多孔SiC陶瓷的微观形貌、孔隙率和压缩强度的影响.研究结果表明:分级孔结构的多孔SiC陶瓷具有冰模板升华后遗留下的对齐排列的大孔、分布于孔壁中的由PS微球热解留下的中孔和颗粒之间堆积形成的小孔.随着SiC固相含量的增加,大孔孔径和孔容降低,但压缩强度增加.当PS微球粒径约为0.90 μm时,中孔孔径分布在0.7～1.5 μm之间;当PS微球粒径约为2.51 μm时,孔径分布较宽,约为1～3 μm.     

α-AgVO3微米棒的制备及光吸收性能

以AgNO3和NH4VO3为原料,采用水热法制备了α-AgVO3微米棒.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对样品的结构和表面形貌进行了表征.紫外-可见漫反射测试(UV-vis DRS)显示α-AgVO3微米棒具有较宽的紫外-可见光吸收范围,计算得出α-AgVO3微米棒的光学带隙为2.54 eV.     

纳微米PZT/水泥基压电复合材料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了锆钛酸铅(PZT)纳微米粉体.XRD与SEM分析结果表明,经700 ℃煅烧的PZT粉体的平均晶粒尺寸约为26.4 nm,粉体团聚体的平均尺寸约为200 nm.采用干压成型-水化法制备了纳微米PZT/水泥基压电复合材料,研究了复合材料的压电及介电性能.SEM结果表明,PZT陶瓷相在基体中呈网状分布.PZT颗粒之间的良好连通性使复合材料具有优良的压电性能.     

化学气相沉积制备铜锌合金微米杆

采用化学气相沉积的方法,以锌粉、硝酸铜为原料,在硅衬底上制备了铜锌合金微米杆.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱(EDS)对沉积产物的结构、形貌和成分进行了测试与表征.结果表明,生长的铜锌合金微米杆为金属间化合物Cu3Zn合金,为立方相结构,直径在0.1 ～5 μm之间,长度可达3～30μm.锌在铜锌合金微米杆的生长中起着至关重要的作用.铜锌合金微米杆的生长属于气固反应诱导下的气液固(VLS)生长机制,与经典的气液固(VLS)生长机制具有明显不同的特点.     

叔丁醇基凝胶注模成型制备ZTA多孔陶瓷

采用叔丁醇基凝胶注模成型工艺,以丙烯酰胺为单体制备了ZTA多孔陶瓷.优化了固含量、预混液浓度、引发剂用量和固化温度等成型工艺参数.分析了烧结温度和保温时间对多孔陶瓷气孔率及孔径分布的影响.研究发现固含量为10vol;、预混液浓度为15wt;、引发剂用量为20wt;、固化温度为40℃,在1500c℃条件下保温2h烧结得到的ZTA多孔陶瓷气孔率可达59.05;,最可及孔径为0.72 μm,孔径分布在0.40 ～5.00μm的气孔占总气孔的87.22;,压缩强度达到56.09MPa.     

纳微米复合HAp-ZrO2生物复合材料的制备与微观结构研究

本文主要对纳米氧化锆与羟基磷灰石(HAp)复合制备纳微米复合HAp-ZrO2复合材料的制备工艺及微观结构进行了初步研究.用XRD分析了原料及复合材料的相组成,用IR研究了HAp粉体的结构,发现所制备HAp纯度高,羟基稳定存在.用TEM观察了HAp粉体以及HAp与ZrO2复合粉体的形貌与颗粒大小,发现HAp粉体呈颗粒状,粒径在60～70nm,这表明用化学沉淀法可制备出纳米级的HAp粒子,但在后续过程中往往发生团聚而达到微米级;纳米ZrO2粒子加入后在HAp基体中分散均匀.SEM观察发现,纳米ZrO2粒子的加入可以起到抑制羟基磷灰石晶粒长大、改善材料微观结构的作用.     

淀粉固化法制备堇青石多孔陶瓷

以合成堇青石粉体为原料,以未改性的食用土豆淀粉为固化剂和造孔剂,利用淀粉固化成型工艺成功制备了堇青石多孔陶瓷,并研究了淀粉的添加量与浆料前驱体的粘度、多孔陶瓷的显气孔率、孔径分布及显微结构间的关系.实验结果表明:随着淀粉含量(10wt;～40wt;)的增加,浆料前驱体的粘度先略有增大后显著降低,多孔陶瓷的显气孔率显著增加,而气孔平均孔径明显减小.     

溶液燃烧法制备Mg2B2O5亚微米棒

以六水硝酸镁、硼酸、甘氨酸、尿素为原料,运用溶液燃烧法合成了Mg2B2O5亚微米棒.利用XRD,SEM,TPG-DTA表征手段对产物及产物前驱体进行表征.讨论了不同温度、燃烧剂、Mg∶B比例和煅烧时间对产物的物相、形貌的影响.确定合成Mg2B2O5亚微米棒的最佳工艺条件为甘氨酸做燃烧剂、Mg∶B=1:1、在900℃煅烧4h,得到的产物呈棒状,直径分布在200 ～400 nm之间,长径比分布在3～6之间.     

Fe3O4亚微米球的水热制备及表征

以FeSO4·7H5O和KNO3为前驱物，在KOH溶液中，160℃水热反应15h，成功合成了立方相的Fe3O4亚微米球。初步探索了反应温度和反应时间对合成产物的影响。利用X射线粉末衍射（XRD），透射电子显微镜（TEM）和高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）等手段对产物进行了表征。结果表明，产物为立方结构的Fe3O4纯相，呈现球状形貌。该亚微米球的平均粒径约为350nm，内部具有精细结构，是由粒径更小的Fe3O4单晶颗粒组成。     

过滤用镁渣多孔陶瓷的制备与渗透性能

本文以镁渣,粉煤灰等为原料制备了镁渣基多孔陶瓷,评价了多孔陶瓷的孔隙参数,烧结性能,力学性能,渗透性能等,观察了多孔陶瓷的微观结构,研究了烧结温度、成型压力、原料配比和添加剂等因素等对多孔陶瓷理化性能的影响.结果表明,烧结温度1150℃,保温4 h可制得固废掺比为90;的镁渣基多孔陶瓷,成型压力对多孔陶瓷的气孔率、吸水率和体积密度具有较大影响.镁渣和粉煤灰的配比为7:2时,多孔陶瓷产品的综合性能较好.添加电石渣和碳粉为造孔剂能够匀化气孔分布,细化孔径,提高多孔陶瓷的气孔率和气体过滤性能.     

Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of adsorbent and photoluminescent nanocomposites of starch and silica

Using sol-gel method, mesoporous and photoluminescent silica nanocomposites of soluble starch have been synthesized and characterized. Different ratios of H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used at fixed template (soluble starch) and catalyst (NH₄OH) concentrations to obtain materials of different performances in terms of heavy metal binding from a solution which has been monitored using Cd(II) as representative divalent heavy metal ion. Optimum material was obtained when H₂O, TEOS and EtOH were used in 14:1:2 ratio. This sample was not only an efficient metal ion adsorbent but also had an intense luminescence in ultra-violet region and potentially may be used in silicon-based UV-emitting devices. Metal binding by the material was further enhanced after calcination (at 800 °C in air) while its luminescence had a multipeak profile in UV-visible region. In a batch adsorption study, calcined hybrid composite (0.25 g/L) could remove 98.5% Cd(II) from 100 mg/L Cd(II) solution in 2 h. The chemical, structural and textural characteristics of the synthesized materials have been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-rays Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA), Photoluminescence (PL), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Analysis (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).     

Syntheses and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazoles and by-products

The syntheses, properties, and structures of N-phenylmaleimidetriazole derivatives are described. Intermediates and by-products are also discussed. 1b. a = 43.997(7) Å, 5.7610(9) Å, 8.245(1) Å, = 99.339(4), C₂/c; 2a. a = 13.646(4) Å, b = 7.744(2) Å, c = 10.612(3) Å, = 91.979(6), P2₁/c. 3a. a = 22.245(1) Å, b = 22.245(1) Å, 10.010(1) Å, P42/n. 3a. a = 11.727(2) Å, b = 14.075(3) Å, c = 16.080(3) Å, = 105.859(3), = 105.331(3), = 98.187(3), P-1. 3b. a = 8.561(3) Å, b = 14.755(5) Å, c = 22.771(7) Å, = 97.006(5), P2₁/c. 3c. a = 10.500(2) Å, b = 12.189(2) Å, c = 13.040(2) Å, = 109.091(3), = 106.089(3), = 101.022(3), P-1. 8a. a = 16.389(8) Å, b = 5.749(3) Å, c = 19.316(3) Å, = 97.467(9), P2₁/n. 8b. a = 5.822(2) Å, b = 10.114(3) Å, c = 16.705(4) Å, = 84.681(5), = 82.840(5), = 75.769(4), P-1. 9b. a = 11.251(1) Å, 13.335(3) Å, 13.376(3) Å, = 102.456(4), P2₁/n. 9c. a = 15.836(3) Å, b = 8.236(2) Å, c = 5.447(3) Å, = 92.551(3), P2₁/c. 10a. a = 13.177(2) Å, b = 14.597(2) Å, c = 5.5505(8) Å, = 110.979(2), Cc. 11a. a = 14.720(2) Å, b = 13.995(2) Å, c = 38.245(6) Å, = 94.430(3), P2₁/n. 12b. a = 15.067(5) Å, b = 20.378(6) Å, c = 8.669(5) Å, = 99.16(4), = 99.32(3), = 105.23(3), P-1. 13b. a = 8.2824(6) Å, b = 10.5245(7) Å, c = 15.518(1) Å, = 92.305(1), = 100.473(1), = 100.124(1), P-1. 15a. a = 15.357(3) Å, b = 7.778(2) Å, c = 22.957(2) Å, Pbca. 16b. a = 18.0384(4) Å, b = 12.474(3) Å, c = 20.078(5) Å, Pbca.     

晶体中负离子配位多面体结晶方位、形变与晶体压电、铁电性

本文研究了压电、铁电晶体中负离子配位多面体的结晶方位与形变,提出了压电晶体中同一种负离子配位多面体的结晶方位是一致的.在铁电晶体中,负离子配位多面体发生形变,伴随着晶体发生顺电-铁电相变,并从这一基本过程出发,对铁电体相变的形成机理进行了讨论.     

Chemistry and Electrocrystallization of Organic Metals and Superconductors

Abstract

Considerable variation in the conditions of electrochemical crystal growth of TMTSF₂X (i.e., constant current versus constant potential, ambient versus inert atmosphere, etc.) and in the purity of the constituents (donor, electrolyte, solvent) does not significantly affect the unusual low-temperature properties of this class of materials. Our results suggest that the electrocrystallization procedure may be self-purifying by selecting for conducting crystal phases with constituents having specific oxidation potentials and solubility properties. However, doping solutions with structurally and chemically similar constituents (i.e., TMTTF, and IO^? ₄ in CIO^? ₄) leads to their incorporation in the crystal structure where they have a profound effect. Several mole percent of these dopants suppress superconductivity in the PF^? ₆ and CIO^? ₄ salts, and increase and broaden the metal-insulator phase transition.     

Structural and spectral studies of N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline

N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-toluidine (1) C₁₆H₁₅N, and N-trans-cinnamylidene-m-chloroaniline (2) C₁₅H₁₂NCl form isomorphous crystals which are monoclinic, space group P2_l/c, with unit cell dimensionsa=5.967(2),b=13.793(3),c=15.048(5) Å, =91.97(3)° anda=5.868(2),b=13.788(4),c=15.191(4) Å, =91.87(3)°, respectively. The single-crystal X-ray structure determinations of the title compounds revealtrans structures. Ring (A) C_10–15 and ring (B) C_1–6, are practically planar in both structures with dihedral angels of 61.3(3) and 63.6(2)°, respectively.¹H nmr, u.v. and i.r. spectra are also reported.     

Di- and triindolylmethanes: molecular structures and spectroscopic characterization of potentially bidentate and tridentate ligands

4-Bromophenyldi(3-methylindol-2-yl)methane (2) and 2-methoxyphenyldi(3-methylindol-2-yl)methane (3) were prepared by sulfuric-acid-catalyzed reactions of 3-methylindole with 4-bromobenzaldehyde and o-anisaldehyde, respectively. Di(3-methylindol-2-yl)phenylmethane (1) and tri(3-methylindol-2-yl)methane (4) were similarly prepared as described previously. Spectroscopic data (¹H, ¹³C NMR) and the X-ray crystal structures for 1 C₂H₅OH and 2–4 are reported. The molecular structure of 1 C₂H₅OH shows hydrogen bonding of both indolyl NH protons to the oxygen of an ethanol molecule. Crystal data for 1 C₂H₅OH: Orthorhombic, Pca2₁, a = 23.9782(17) Å, b = 8.4437(7) Å, c = 11.3029(9) Å, V = 2288.4(3) ų, R ₁ = 0.0597. Crystal data for 2: Orthorhombic, P2₁2₁2₁, a = 8.911(3) Å, b = 9.584(4) Å, c = 24.040(11) Å, V = 2053.0(14) ų, R ₁ = 0.0454. Crystal data for 3: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a = 9.737(2) Å, b = 25.035(6) Å, c = 9.359(2) Å, = 114.853(4), V = 2070.2(8) ų, R ₁ = 0.0511. Crystal data for 4: Trigonal, R3, a = 14.2214(10) Å, c = 9.6190(10) Å, V = 1684.8(2) ų, R ₁ = 0.0425.     

Structures and properties of 1,4-dithiins and related molecules

A series of organosulfur compounds was characterized by NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and chemical analyses. The crystal structures of six compounds were determined: 1,3-dithioleno[4,5-e]naphtho[2,3-b]1,4-dithiin-2,5, 10-trione (1b), P , a = 7.665(4), b = 7.997(4), c = 11.443(5) Å, = 91.311(8), = 92.516(8), = 117.53(7)° 6,7-dimethylbenzo[1,2-b]1,3-dithioleno[4,5-e]1,4-dithiin-2,5,8-trione (2b), P2₁/m, a = 3.933(1), b = 12.864(2), c = 11.943(3) Å, = 99.161(4)° 6-phenyl-2-thioxo-6-hydrocyclopenta[2,1-b]1,3-dithioleno[4,5-e]1,4-dithiin-5,7-dione (3a), C2/c, a = 32.408(6), b = 3.8743(8), c = 27.123(5) Å, = 125.171(7)° 6-phenyl-1,3-dithioleno[4,5-e]3-pyrrolino[3,4-b]1,4-dithiin-5,7-trione (3b), P2₁/n, a = 7.9712(9), b = 6.1976(7), c = 55.978(6) Å, = 91.096(1)° 2,3,7,8-tetramethylthianthrene-1,4,6,9-tetraone (4), P2₁/c, a = 4.195(1), b = 17.924(5), c = 9.682(3) Å, = 98.509(5)° 3H,6H-1,4-oxathiino[6,5-2,1]naphtho[3,4-e]1,4-oxathiin-2,7-dione (5), P2₁/n, a = 9.3522(7), b = 7.8782(6), c = 17.118(1) Å, = 93.171(1)°. Several structures exhibited significant S—S intermolecular interactions, suggesting that the molecules might be precursors for preparing nonmetallic conductors.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of indium arsenate and phosphate dihydrates with variscite and metavariscite structure types

The hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure analysis, and spectroscopic studies of InPO₄·2H₂O (1) and InAsO₄·2H₂O (2) are reported. Compound 1 is isomorphic with metavariscite: monoclinic P2₁/n (No. 14), a = 5.4551(3) Å, b = 10.2293(4) Å, c = 8.8861(3) Å, = 91.489(4)°, Z = 4, and compound 2 is isomorphic with variscite: orthorhombic Pbca (No. 61), a = 10.478(1) Å, b = 9.0998(8) Å, c = 10.345(1) Å, Z = 8. Their three-dimensional frameworks are built of corner sharing InO₄(H₂O)₂ octahedra and MO₄ (M = P⁵⁺ or As⁵⁺) tetrahedra. The water molecules in both compounds have different environments and are involved in different types of hydrogen bonding. Infrared spectroscopy indicates that water molecules are true H₂O species.     

Electrical and Optical Properties of Conducting Polymer and Carbons in Nano-Scale Periodic Structure and their Intercalation Effects

Abstract

Nano-scale periodic structures of conducting polymer and carbons, which were prepared by infiltration of polymers and carbons in nano-scale interconnected periodic pores in synthetic opals made of regular array of SiO₂ spheres and then removing SiO₂ by etching, have been found to exhibit novel electrical and optical properties. Their electrical and optical properties in thus fabricated conducting polymer and carbon replicas change drastically upon pyrolysis due to progress of carbonization and graphitization. That is, due to the changes in periodicity, pore size, carbonization degree and crystal structure, electrical conductivity, magnetoconductance and their temperature dependences and optical reflection spectra have changed drastically. These replicas with porous nature can be infiltrated and also intercalated with various materials, resulting in also remarkable changes of properties. The synthetic opal infiltrated with conducting polymer can be electrochemically doped, with which remarkable change of optical properties have been observed due to the shift of the diffraction peak accompanying with the change in refractive index. Alkali metal intercalated carbon and graphite with nano-scale periodic structures have been also studied. The applications of these nano-scale periodic structures of conducting polymer and carbon are also discussed.     

Crystallization and Characterization of Calcium Phosphates: Brushite and Monetite

Spherulitic monetite (CaHPO₄) and brushite (CaHPO₄ · H₂O) of different morphologies which have close resemblance to those found in pathological joints, stones and dental calculi were crystallized in silica gel under acidic conditions. These crystals were characterized by x-ray powder diffraction, fourier transform infra-red, and thermogravimetric analyses. The molar ratios (Ca/P) were calculated from ICP analysis and found to be in agreement with the theoretical stoichiometric molar ratio. The microstructure of the spherulitic monetite crystals have been studied using scanning electron microscopy.