完全烧结氧化锆牙科陶瓷材料的旋转超声加工实验研究

针对口腔修复领域中大量应用的预烧结氧化锆陶瓷存在二次烧结加工工艺复杂、收缩率难以控制、断裂率高等问题,提出了采用旋转超声加工完全烧结氧化锆陶瓷的方法.开展了完全烧结氧化锆陶瓷的旋转超声加工和普通金刚石磨削加工实验,重点研究了主轴转速对磨削力、最大边缘碎裂尺寸及亚表面损伤特性的影响规律.通过对比分析得到,旋转超声加工不仅能降低磨削力,有效抑制完全烧结氧化锆陶瓷材料的边缘碎裂,同时明显减少了其亚表面微裂纹,是实现完全烧结氧化锆陶瓷口腔修复体低损伤加工的新途径.     

ZrO2陶瓷显微结构对绿光飞秒激光加工过程的协同效应

氧化锆(ZrO₂)陶瓷因其性能优异,常被应用于医学与工业等领域.通过表面微纳加工可进一步发挥其性能优势,扩大应用范围.实验采用绿光飞秒激光对具有不同显微结构的ZrO₂陶瓷基体进行微孔加工,结合显微结构差异对材料物理性能的影响,系统研究了激光加工功率与加工时间等工艺参数对微孔形貌、直径及深度等不同维度下形貌学特征的作用效果.结果表明,同一加工参数下,晶粒更小、显微结构更均匀、热导率更低的ZrO₂具有更高的加工效率;通过对比微孔直径与深度随激光加工工艺参数的变化,发现材料显微结构的差异对微孔轴向的影响比径向更加显著.     

基于激光诱导向前转移技术的微纳结构制备研究现状

激光直写技术(LDW)是当前数字化微纳加工的主要技术之一,其中喷墨打印技术以其分辨率高和控制灵活等优点被广泛应用。随着功能化材料的不断出现和越来越多的应用需求,喷墨打印技术对墨汁的严格要求限制了它在某些领域的应用。激光诱导向前转移(LIFT)技术无须模板和喷嘴,打印分辨率高,且不受墨汁流变性质的限制。该技术的材料适用范围广,几乎可以打印各种固体和液体材料,已被广泛应用于电子器件、传感器以及再生医学的组织工程等相关领域。本文系统阐述了LIFT技术制备微纳结构的研究现状,并对LIFT技术的应用及其物理过程的研究进展进行了系统地归纳与总结,研究结果将对LIFT技术在微纳加工领域的进一步应用提供重要参考价值。     

选择性激光烧结技术的应用及其烧结件后处理研究进展

选择性激光烧结技术(SLS)是目前发展最快且已经商业化的快速成型方法之一,具有工艺简单、操作便捷、适应性广、可直接烧结零件等优点,广泛应用于金属、陶瓷、塑料等材料的加工成型.但同时存在烧结件脆性高、硬度低、耐温性差等缺陷,需要对其进行后处理,以提高材料的相关性能.结合实际工程应用(如生物医疗、机械工程等)对SLS技术在金属件、高分子件、骨骼组织、无机粉体等方面的应用进行综述.系统阐述了国内外SLS技术的研究现状与应用进展,概括了SLS烧结件后处理工艺的发展动态,并对SLS烧结件的应用及后处理工艺进行了展望.     

基于GLCM和NN的陶瓷推挤加工表面特征研究

基于边缘效应驱动裂纹推挤加工技术是一项对工程陶瓷的非传统的接触式加工.基于灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)对采集的Si3N4陶瓷加工表面形貌图像提取了纹理特征参数,充分研究了步长、灰度量化级、方向三个构造参数对灰度共生矩阵的对比度、熵、相关性、能量的影响.结果表明:采用步长4,灰度量化级128时能更好获得较稳定的加工表面纹理特征参数,在采集图像的45°、135°两条对角线上的纹理特征变化更为明显.通过径向基层网络和竞争层网络两类神经网络(NN)的分工协作,针对不同加工参数的纹理特征的预测和分类,并探讨了各加工参数对纹理特征的影响规律.     

可加工陶瓷的结构、性能和制备

综述了可加工玻璃陶瓷、可加工复相陶瓷和可加工Ti3SiC2陶瓷的结构、性能和制备方法,介绍了近年国内外在这方面的最新进展,并展望了今后的研究重点.     

基于边缘碎裂效应的切割-推挤式加工的机理分析

基于边缘碎裂效应的切割-推挤式加工技术可以采用低于被加工材料硬度的工具实现工程陶瓷等脆性材料的加工.通过高速摄像观察、微观形貌观察等方法研究,材料破碎去除是源于预制裂纹在外加三维拉应力场和自由边缘表面的作用下迅速扩展.通过实时检测车刀表面温度变化,表明新技术加工过程能以较小的能量消耗实现材料去除.通过对比背侧预制缺陷和双侧预制缺陷的挤压破碎特性,揭示了凸缘受挤压的侧表面存在的缺陷对轴向推挤力有减小的重要作用.此外,还通过能量角度揭示了材料去除的破碎规律和机理.     

高技术陶瓷精密注射成型的研究与应用进展

综述了近年来陶瓷注射成型的研究及应用进展。从陶瓷粉体表面改性,先进水萃取脱脂工艺,催化脱脂工艺,注射充摸过程模拟及微注射成型等方面论述了陶瓷注射成型的最新研究进展。此外,对陶瓷注射成型在汽车、光通讯、生物医疗,现代工业,民用等领域的应用进行了介绍。最后,对陶瓷注射成型的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于边缘破碎驱动裂纹推挤加工的破碎模拟实验研究

工程陶瓷基于边缘破碎驱动裂纹软推挤加工是一项创新性的非传统接触式加工技术,可采用单晶压头挤压破碎模拟实验研究新技术的加工特征.通过对挤压破碎曲线、微观形貌观察以及有限元仿真讨论了挤压驱动裂纹失稳的机理,以及预制缺陷的应力集中效应起到的重要作用.通过正交实验探讨了加载速度、凸缘宽度、压痕位置离外边缘距离、槽深对挤压破碎力的影响规律,并采用多元回归模型实现较好的拟合.     

ZrB2-SiBCN复合陶瓷恒温氧化行为研究

高温结构材料ZrB2陶瓷由于其烧结温度高,应用受到限制,SiBCN聚合物前驱体的添加降低了ZrB2的烧结温度,并能够获得致密的ZrB2-SiBCN复合陶瓷.研究其氧化行为对于ZrB2-SiBCN陶瓷在高温领域的应用有重要的意义.通过XRD、SEM等手段对陶瓷1300℃时氧化行为进行了分析和研究,结果表明,在高温空气环境下,SiBCN陶瓷氧化直接生成硼硅酸盐玻璃,硼硅酸盐玻璃粘度低,铺展速度快,在陶瓷表面可形成氧化物保护层,阻碍陶瓷的进一步氧化.ZrO2与SiO2反应生成新的ZrSiO4相,使硼硅酸玻璃层因被消耗而变薄,ZrSiO4附近的ZrB2颗粒从硼硅酸盐玻璃层内裸露出来,加速了ZrB2的氧化.ZrSiO4相的生成降低了硼硅酸盐玻璃对陶瓷的抗氧化保护作用.     

Growth and evaluation of lanthanoids orthoniobates single crystals processed by a miniature pedestal growth technique

Optimized conditions for the growth of lanthanoids orthoniobates (LnNbO₄, Ln = lanthanide elements) single crystal minirods by a floating zone technique were investigated. Adequate atmospheres and pulling to feeding speed ratios to grow these materials were determined. Emphasis is given to the study of LaNbO₄ because of their more favorable growth conditions and crystalline quality. This material can be efficiently doped with rare earth elements such as erbium. It grows with high crystallinity and its preferential growth direction is [1 1 0]. A preliminary evaluation of optical properties of Er³⁺‐doped LaNbO₄ single crystal under the Judd‐Ofelt formalism indicates spectral parameters Ω_t close and even larger than for Er³⁺ ions in YVO₄. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Study of floating zone profiles in materials grown by the laser‐heated pedestal growth technique under isostatic atmosphere

The analysis of the melt profile in floating zone techniques has been made in the past years by raising differential equations in terms of Cartesian coordinates and numerically looking for its solution. Although this method permits to establish quite good approximations to the real melt profile, the solutions are deficient in the prediction of new information that can be related to the thermophysical properties of most materials. We investigated the applicability of a different approach that starting from a novel differential equation permits its fitting to the profile of a real situation and also the determination of some important growth parameters like the range of shape stability. Results concerning melt profiles of materials grown under controlled atmosphere are reported. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Internal structure of silver crystallites: going beyond nanostructure using novel processing technique

Using novel processing of TEM image to investigate nanoparticles of metallic solutions is exemplified in the case of silver nano‐crystals. The results show for the first time that the real internal structure of silver crystallites consists of nuclei and multi‐layers. The multi‐layers of the crystals are arranged symmetrically around their nuclei. The dimensions of nuclei lie in the range of atomic‐scale. The shape of nuclei determined the final shape of the crystals. The mechanisms of formation and growth for both silver crystallites and silver nanoparticles are demonstrated. This technique will give birth to the ongoing revolution in nano‐technology. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Studies of Image Processing and Refractive Index in Blue Phase

The isotropic - blue phases - cholesteric phase transitions are studied in a thermotropic (COC) by image processing and refractive index measurements. Textures of blue phases are optically characterized as well as their transition points. The experimental investigation employed here is sensitive to detect changes in the structural configuration of blue phases as a consequence of our refractive index data. In this context the experimental results are presented and discussed.     

Crystallization Control of Molten Ba(B0.9Al0.1)2O4 from Supercooled Pendant Drop

Crystallization process of molten Ba(B_0.9Al_0.1)₂O₄ from supercooled pendant drop was investigated on a viewpoint of a supercooling and a solid phase formation. Molten pendant drop was crystallized by a rod touching at an crystallization temperature under an adequate degree of supercooling. Three kinds of rods were used. Each rod was made of Pt, hBN and graphite which had different wettability to the molten drop. There were three kinds of phases on a solid Ba(B_0.9Al_0.1)₂O₄, such as a high temperature crystal phase, a low temperature crystal phase and a glass phase. All phases could be formed by the present method.     

PEG聚合度对氧化铝造粒粉的性能影响

为制备适用于干压成型的氧化铝造粒粉,研究了PEG聚合度对氧化铝造粒粉微观形貌、流动性和松装密度的影响.结果表明PEG的聚合度对氧化铝浆料粘度影响显著,PEG2000-6000是较为理想的粘结剂选择,造粒粉的流动性与环境温度及湿度相关.采用正交实验设计,以造粒粉的流动性和松装密度为评价指标,对PEG聚合度、粘结剂添加量和固含量进行了优选,其影响顺序为PEG聚合度＞固含量＞粘结剂添加量.以优选参数PEG6000、添加量为4wt;、固含量为80wt;,制备了性能优良的氧化铝喷雾造粒粉.     

Epitaxial variations of Ni films grown on MgO(0 0 1)

Epitaxial Ni films were deposited on (0 0 1)MgO by DC magnetron sputtering under ultra-high vacuum conditions for studies involving magnetic-multilayer applications. The deposition temperatures of the Ni films studied in this work were 100 and 400°C. Examination by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron diffraction revealed that the film deposited at the lower temperature was predominately Ni[0 0 1]MgO[0 0 1] and Ni(0 1 0)MgO(0 1 0) oriented and smooth, as expected. However, the higher temperature films were predominately of the Ni MgO[0 0 1] and Ni MgO(1 0 0) orientation and facetted. The orientation has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction, where this orientation was observed to be four-fold degenerate. For each of these four orientations there also existed a twin orientation, reflected about the MgO(1 0 0) planes, giving eight possible orientations for the Ni crystallites on MgO. This epitaxial relationship was studied by dark-field TEM and electron diffraction. Because these films were polycrystalline and hence produced many diffraction spots from both the Ni and MgO with similar lattice spacings, electron diffraction patterns of the films were indexed using an electron diffraction image processing (EDIP) technique. In this technique, the polycrystalline electron diffraction pattern was converted into a graph, with the x-axis displaying lattice spacings and the y-axis, integrated intensity.     

微波水热条件对氧化锌晶体的形态和粒度的影响

利用微波水热法，以氢氧化锌为前驱物，在反应温度不小于100℃的情况下，成功地制备出氧化锌微晶。研究了水热条件对氧化锌微晶的晶粒大小和形貌的影响。在水热环境下，当反应温度一达到100℃，氧化锌微粒就能快速形成和生长。反应温度在100℃时，延长反应时间(～4h)氧化锌微晶的形貌和晶粒大小均没有受到大的影响；然而，升高反应温度氧化锌微晶的晶粒大小会略微地减小。另一方面，当反应前溶液中的pH值从9增大到12时，氧化锌微晶的形态从不规则的片状颗粒改变到长柱状晶粒。另外，随着溶液中pH值的增加，氧化锌微晶的结晶性变好、粒度变大。合理地解释了反应温度、溶液中的pH值对制得的氧化锌微晶的形态、晶粒粒度的影响。     

Sol-gel synthesis of a new composition of bioactive glass in the quaternary system SiO2-CaO-Na2O-P2O5: Comparison with melting method

New sol-gel experimental conditions were tested to prepare a new SiO₂-based bioactive glass with high Na₂O content. The aim of this work is to investigate the real influence of the synthesis route (sol-gel versus melting) on the glass intrinsic properties and then, later, on the glass behavior and particularly on bioactivity. The obtained glass and its melt derived counterpart were characterized from structural and morphological (porosity, specific surface area) point of view. It could be noticed that the synthesis mode has no significant influence on glass structure. Conversely, the synthesis mode greatly influences the glass texture. The sol-gel derived glass exhibits a greatly higher specific surface area and pore volume than melt derived glass. This parameter may be a key factor of glass bioactivity.     

Fractal processing for an analysis of the quality and resistivity of large semiconductor plates

A nondestructive method is suggested for the analysis of the quality and resistivity inhomogeneity of semiconductor plates in an ionization system with a SI GaAs semiconductor plate. At the same time, a device for rapid visualization and recording the resistance inhomogeneity and photoconductivity distribution throughout the bulk material in high‐resistivity and photosensitive semiconductor plates of large diameter (50‐100 mm) is described. Semiconductor plates with the resistivity from 10⁵ to 10⁹ Ωcm can be analyzed in the proposed device. The possibilities of the device have been evaluated, i.e. a relative change of the resistance inhomogeneity is determined by a relative change of discharge light emission intensity when a current is passed through an ionization cell. For the quantitative analysis of quality and resistivity inhomogeneity of semiconductor plates, fractal dimension analysis was used following the records of the discharge light emission intensity. The quality of plates was analyzed using both the profile and spatial distributed light emission intensity data showing the internal inhomogeneity in the semiconductor plate. Thus, by using fractal concept, the surface quality of the high‐resistivity semiconductor plate can be assessed exactly and the size and location of the internal inhomogeneities in the semiconductor plate to be ascertained. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)