WO3薄膜的电致变色与响应时间机理研究

采用直流反应磁控溅射方法制备了纳米WO3薄膜,研究了溅射气压对WO3薄膜的表面形貌和微结构的影响.利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜对WO3的微结构进行了表征.采用紫外-可见分光光度计和循环伏安测试系统对样品的电致变色及响应时间性能进行了研究.结果表明,纳米WO3薄膜的微孔结构特征具有较大的比表面积,有利于改善其电致变色性能.当溅射气压为4Pa时,WO3薄膜在可见光区的电致变色平均调色范围达到了71.6;,并且其着色响应时间为5 s,漂白响应时间为16 s.     

WO3基电致变色器件的制备及性能研究

本文采用真空热蒸发法,在ITO基底上制备WO3薄膜,之后在空气气氛中对其进行了400℃,1 h的退火处理.SEM测试结果表明,退火后的WO3薄膜变得更为致密平整.将退火后的WO3薄膜,及通过溶胶凝胶法制得的TiO2-CeO2对电极薄膜和PC-PEO-LiClO4凝胶态电解质封装得到电致变色器件,以探索该退火处理对WO3薄膜电致变色性能的影响.结果表明,该WO3基电致变色器件在632.8 nm处的光学调制幅度达56.8;,记忆时间超过24 h,且具有良好的循环稳定性.本研究表明WO3薄膜的后期退火处理对制备高性能WO3基电致变色器件具有重要的意义.     

纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜的制备及应用进展

WO3/TiO2复合薄膜具有许多特性,是一种优良的光电功能薄膜材料.利用先进的制膜技术获得性能优异的纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜,对提高光电器件的性能及应用具有重要意义.本文着重介绍了溶胶-凝胶法、水热法、电沉积法和磁控溅射法制备纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜.总结了纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜在电致变色智能窗、光催化技术、湿度传感器上的应用.最后,针对纳米结构WO3/TiO2复合薄膜现状提出了未来发展趋势.     

高质量WO3薄膜的制备及其电致变色数码显示器件

本文首先探索热蒸发法制备高质量WO3薄膜的工艺参数,分别从基片类型,基片温度和蒸发速率三方面讨论和分析成膜的质量,获得在ITO玻璃基片最佳的蒸镀条件为蒸发电流为110 A,基片温度为250℃。其次,应用高质量WO3薄膜于全固态电致变色器件结构中,获得了良好的变色性能,实现逐段控制的数码显示效果。研究结果表明高质量WO3薄膜在电致变色器件,特别是双面显示器件方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

银纳米线基透明电极的预处理优化及其在柔性电致变色器件中的应用

利用简单的离心抽滤处理,预先分离除去水热产物中具有较低长径比的纳米线及小尺寸颗粒,提高较高长径比银纳米线的产率.基于此高长径比银纳米线,在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)基底表面构建银纳米线/聚乙烯醇复合透明电极,并创新性地将此复合电极取代ITO电极,应用于WO3基柔性电致变色器件中,实现了器件图案化的循环变色,同时对器件的性能进行表征与分析.结果表明,电致变色器件的着色时间为16 s,褪色时间为9 s,且具有良好的氧化还原可逆性.此研究对金属纳米线基透明电极在诸多光电器件中的应用具有重要的参考价值.     

纳米结构WO3薄膜气致变色特性研究进展及应用

三氧化钨(WO3)薄膜具有许多特性,是一种优良的致色材料.纳米结构WO3薄膜的着色效率高、可逆性好、响应时间短、光学调制高.综述纳米结构WO3薄膜的化学沉积法和物理沉积法.化学沉积法可制备出多孔、片状和特殊形貌纳米结构WO3薄膜.掠射角磁控溅射作为一种物理沉积方法,能够可控制备纳米柱状结构WO3薄膜.其次,介绍WO3薄膜的气致变色特性在气体传感器和智能窗等领域的应用.最后,对纳米结构WO3薄膜气致变色特性改善提出展望,并指出其目前存在的问题及未来发展趋势.     

反应时间对钨酸铋材料形貌及其可见光催化性能的影响

采用水热法在不同反应时间下制备了钨酸铋(Bi2WO6)碟状结构的光催化剂,对Bi2WO6的晶体结构、组成成分、形貌、光吸收特性和可见光催化活性等进行了表征.结果表明,反应时间影响Bi2WO6样品的形貌.水热反应6h时,Bi2WO6样品处于非晶态,随着反应时间的增加,Bi2WO6由二维盘状结构逐渐堆积成三维碟状结构,水热反应48 h后可形成完整的微米碟.180℃水热反应48 h后制备出的Bi2WO6纳米材料具有较高的羟基自由基生成速率和较强的可见光催化活性,反应时间过长或者过短都不利于Bi2WO6可见光催化性能的提高.同时分析了不同Bi2WO6样品的可见光催化效率存在差异的原因,并且提出了不同反应时间下Bi2WO6材料的微观生长机理.     

Ce3+掺杂TiO2薄膜材料的制备改性及电致变色研究

以钛酸四丁酯和冰乙酸为原料,加定量的Ce(NO3)3引入Ce3,采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍提拉镀膜法在ITO导电玻璃上制备Ce3+掺杂的TiO2薄膜.通过XRD、TG-DTA、SEM等手段对Ce3+掺杂TiO2粉末进行表征,使用电化学工作站对薄膜的电致变色性能进行测试,通过紫外-可见光分度计对薄膜进行检测.结果表明:掺杂Ce3+的浓度为2;,对薄膜的电致变色性能有较大的提高;掺杂越均匀,对薄膜的电致变色性能的影响越显著.     

多孔硅基WO3气敏传感器的制备与性能研究

以钨酸钠和氯化钠为原料,采用水热法在硅基多孔硅上原位生长WO3纳米棒薄膜,制成p型多孔硅基-n型WO3复合结构气敏传感器.为了获得最大比表面积的复合形貌,详细研究了水热反应时间和温度对多孔硅基WO3复合结构显微组织表面形貌的影响.利用扫描电镜、粉末衍射等表征手段测试并分析了多孔硅基表面WO3纳米棒薄膜的形貌以及晶体结构,并测试了复合结构传感器在不同工作温度下的气敏响应特性,结果表明:该气敏传感器在室温下便对有毒气体NO2具有高灵敏度以及稳定的重复性.     

水热处理温度对WO3微晶晶相、形貌和光催化性能的影响

以Na2WO4·2H2O和盐酸为原料,采用水热法合成了WO3微晶.通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)、热重-差示扫描量热法(TG-DSC)等表征手段,研究了水热反应温度及煅烧处理对产物的晶体结构和微观形貌的影响.结果表明:水热处理温度从100℃升到160℃时,所得微晶的衍射峰强度逐渐升高,所得样品的结晶度趋于完整,其形貌由片状结构变为自组装的球状结构.光催化结果表明可知随着水热温度的升高,光催化性能先上升后下降,产物的结晶性与其比表面积大小为影响其光催化性能的主要因素.通过对比煅烧前后产物的光催化性能发现六方相WO3结构比正交相WO3·0.33H2O结构具有更好的光催化活性.     

A review of measurement of thermophysical properties of silicon melt

Measurements of thermophysical properties of Si melt and supplementary study of X-ray scattering/diffraction by the authors' group were reviewed. The values obtained differed variously from those of literature. Density was 2–3% larger, surface tension 20–30% smaller, viscosity up to 40% larger, electrical conductivity 8% smaller, spectral emissivity more or less in good agreement with literature values, and thermal diffusivity a few percent larger. An anomalous density jump was found near the melting point. Surface tension and viscosity also showed anomaly. A strange time-dependent change of density was observed over 3 h after melting. X-ray analyses suggested a slight change in local atom ordering, but showed no sign of cluster formation. An addition of 0.1 at% gallium caused the density jump to disappear, while that of boron caused no change. An EXAFS study of the former melt indicated a strong interaction between Ga and Si atoms as if molecules of GaSi₃ existed. The implications of the measured properties are a possibility of soft-turbulence in an Si melt in a relatively large crucible, a more complicated manner of intake of oxygen depleted molten Si from the free surface region to underneath the growing crystal, and a relaxation of the melt after melting arising from trapped gas species.     

Effect of alumina on enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali silicate glasses

The enthalpy of mixing of mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses containing various concentrations of alumina was determined using an ion-exchange equilibrium method. For glasses with a constant alkali concentration, the enthalpy of mixing was found to become less negative with alumina addition. Consistent with our previous results on the enthalpy of mixing of alumina-free mixed alkali silicate glasses, the magnitude of enthalpy of mixing exhibited a good correlation with the molar volume mismatch of the corresponding two single alkali glasses as well as with the extent of conductivity mixed alkali effect, e.g. excess activation energy of conductivity, ΔE. The reduction of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing with alumina addition can be attributed to the reduction of non-bridging oxygen and ionic field strength. Combining the present results with results obtained earlier, the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing for all mixed alkali (Na₂O and K₂O) silicate glasses with and without alumina was expressed by a simple function of a modified Tobolsky parameter, which takes into account the alkali concentration and the difference in cation-to-effective anion distances. The enthalpy of mixing data of the mixed alkali glasses was then compared with reported experimental data on the conductivity of mixed alkali aluminosilicate glasses. What appears to be conflicting experimental data can be understood in terms of the magnitude of the enthalpy of mixing and we can conclude that the mixed alkali effect is closely correlated with the negative enthalpy of mixing.     

Mesomorphism Dependence on the Position of Substitution of a Pair of Esters

A novel homologous series of ethylene derivatives of thermotropic liquid crystals has been synthesized. The methoxy to octyloxy derivatives are nematogenic, the decyloxy to tetradecyloxy derivatives are smectogenic, in addition to nematogenic, and the hexadecyloxy homologue is smectogenic only. All the members of the series are enantiotropically mesogenic. Thermotropic behavior was determined by an optical polarizing microscope equipped with a heating stage and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) study. Analytical and spectral data confirm the molecular structures of homologues (infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectra, X-ray, and DSC data). Textures of the nematic phase are threaded or Schlieren and that of smectic phase are focal conic fan-shaped of smectic A or C. Transition curves of the phase diagram behave in a normal manner except one or two deviations from the normal trend. The mesophase range (Sm+N) varies from 3°C to 44°C. The average thermal stability for smectic is 93°C and that for nematic 117.4°C. The LC behavior of the novel series is compared with a structurally similar known series.     

原位氮化法制备TiN纳米粉体

用溶胶凝胶法合成的纳米TiO2粉体作为原料,将该粉体在氨气中进行原位氮化制备了TiN纳米粉体.用XRD,TEM,化学分析等手段对合成的TiN纳米粉体的物相组成、形貌、成分进行了分析.实验分析表明:在1000℃和1100℃下分别氮化5h,可以制备粒径大约为40nm和80nm的TiN粉体,其TiN的含量分别为95.40;和98.37;;而在1000℃条件下氮化时间减少到2h时,TiN的含量仅为58.36;.氮化温度和氮化时间是合成纳米TiN的重要因素,提高合成温度和延长氮化时间均可形成纯度较高的TiN纳米粉体,但延长氮化时间更有利于获得粒径小的氮化钛粉体.     

立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取

在本征铁弹相变的软模理论的基础上,依据弹性本构关系和居里原理,给出了立方晶系晶体所有可能的自发应变的种类,研究了立方晶系晶体本征铁弹相变序参量的选取问题.以Th群和Oh群为例,阐明了不同类的序参量导致晶体对称性变化相同的的原因,提出了该情况下序参量选取的“就少不就多”的原则.得到了发生本征铁弹相变时所有可能的序参量及晶体的对称性的变化.     

On the influence of structural features of DNA on the possibility of metabolic transfer of electrons

Abstract

A fragment of a DNA molecule is considered as one of the channels of metabolic electron transfer. The heterogeneity of the complementary chains is effectively taken into account. This made it possible to find the speed of the electron injected into the DNA conduction band and the current density that it creates. Estimates of electron mobility in nucleic acid chains are made. They were an order of magnitude smaller than that of typical semiconductors. For the specific conductivity of nucleic acid chains, estimates provide a conductivity of one to two orders of magnitude lower than in graphite.     

Features of transformations in REE-containing systems of nitrate precursors in preparatory processes of formation of multifunctional oxide materials

Abstract

The complex study provides a reliable idea of ??the trends in the joint behavior of structural components in the water-salt systems of nitrate precursors of REE, alkaline, alkaline earth metals in the preparatory stages of the processes of forming multicomponent oxide polyfunctional materials on their basis with thermal activation. Stages of such transformations are revealed; The regularities of complex and phase formation in systems and factors influencing them are determined; A number of physicochemical properties of the intermediate phases formed - coordination lanthanides nitrates: their composition, types of compounds, atomic-crystalline structure, regularities of transformations during heat treatment were studied.     

Growth and characterization of semicarbazone of cyclohexanone

A new organic single crystal of semicarbazone of cyclohexanone (SCCH) has been synthesized and grown as a bulk single crystal by low temperature solution growth technique for the first time in the literature. The grown crystal has been confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses and also characterized by FT‐ir and FT‐Raman studies. Thermal properties of the grown crystals were studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. Optical transmittance was studied by ultraviolet‐visible spectrum and the second harmonic generation property was tested by using Q switched Nd: YAG laser as a source. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Influence of density of states on optical properties of GaSe thin film

A systematic investigation on the effect of substrate temperature on the structure, optical absorption and density of states of vacuum evaporated gallium monoselenide (GaSe) thin films is reported. The X‐ray diffraction analysis shows an occurrence of amorphous to polycrystalline transformation in the films deposited at higher‐temperature substrates (573K). The compositional analysis is made with Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES). The thickness of the film (175nm) is measured by a multiple beam interferometery. Optical characteristics of the GaSe sample have been analyzed using spectrophotometer in the photon energy range of 1.0 ‐ 4 eV. The absorption mechanism has been recognized and the allowed indirect as well as forbidden direct transitions have been found. As‐deposited films show two indirect and allowed transitions due to spin‐orbit splitting of the valence band, as reported here for the first time. Low field conduction have enabled us to determine the density of states in amorphous and poly‐GaSe films. The amorphous and polycrystalline GaSe thin films have localized states density values of N (E_F) = 1.686 × 10¹⁷ cm^‐3 eV^‐1 and 1.257 × 10¹⁵ cm^‐3 eV^‐1 respectively. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of variations in the density of localized states due to progressive decrease of the unsaturated bonds during deposition. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

电子显微分析在表征纳米晶体化学组分中的应用

纳米材料的化学组分及含量影响其光、电、声、热、磁等物理性能,电子显微分析是表征纳米晶体化学组分的重要方法之一.本文综述了X-射线能谱(EDS)、X-射线波谱(WDS)、电子能量损失谱(EELS)和选区电子衍射(SAED)等现代电子显微分析技术在表征纳米晶体化学组分、形貌、尺寸和结构等方面的应用及其研究进展,并比较了这些分析方法存在的差异,提出了其应用中存在的不足及今后的研发方向.