高催化效率钒酸铋可见光催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用水热合成法,以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为表面活性剂实现对晶体形貌的调控,制备了高催化效率的棒状单斜相钒酸铋催化剂,通过对罗丹明B的催化降解和样品的测试表征,研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠加入量对钒酸铋光催化性能和形貌的影响.加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠的质量分数0.08;时,制备得到BiVO4样品对罗丹明B的光催化降解效率达到最大.并对H2O2协同催化提高催化效率的机理进行了探讨.     

高催化效率钒酸铋的合成及光催化性能

采用低温一步法制备单斜相钒酸铋,通过控制反应温度实现了对晶体形貌的调控.通过光催化降解有机物罗丹明B及对样品进行X射线粉末衍射、紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱、扫描电镜的表征,研究了反应温度对钒酸铋可见光催化性能和形貌的影响.结果表明:反应温度为80℃条件下制备得到的BiVO4样品呈现草捆状晶体结构,形貌规则,比其它温度条件制备得到的样品具有更多的表面活性位点,光催化效率最高,H2 O2协同催化条件下光催化反应1 h对罗丹明B的降解率达到93.56;.     

不同形貌Sb2O3的控制合成及其光催化性能研究

采用醇解法与水热法制备了Sb2O3光催化材料,研究了制备条件对Sb2O3晶型、形貌及催化性能的影响.结果表明,以PEG-400为表面活性剂、反应体系pH=7时,通过醇解法制得的立方晶型、呈球形颗粒状的Sb2O3催化性能最佳,在紫外光照180 min时,对10.0 mg/L罗丹明B的降解率达到了96.8;;对20.0 mg/L左氧氟沙星降解率为66.3;;对10.0 mg/L磺胺吡啶降解率为46.2;.当反应温度为160℃,反应时间为12 h时,由水热法制得的斜方晶型、呈枕头状的Sb2O3催化性能较差,在紫外光照射180 min时,对10.0 mg/L罗丹明B的降解率为57;.     

不同形貌的钨酸铋纳米材料的制备及其光催化性能

利用水热法通过调节溶液pH值和表面活性剂CTAB浓度制备了不同结构与形貌的钨酸铋纳米材料,用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等测试方法对产物进行了结构与形貌的表征,并研究了不同结构与形貌的钨酸铋样品对甲基橙的可见光催化降解性能.结果表明,在低pH值时样品为Bi2WO6相纳米片,随着pH值的增加,样品中出现了Bi3.84W0.16O6.24相八面体纳米颗粒,高pH值时,样品则为纯Bi3.84W0.16O6.24相八面体颗粒.随着表面活性剂浓度的增加,Bi2WO6纳米片有自组装的趋势,最终形成花瓣状结构.光催化甲基橙实验结果表明不同形貌的钨酸铋样品对甲基橙有不同的催化降解活性,片状Bi2WO6相纳米片高于Bi3.84W0.16O6.24相八面体颗粒.     

溶剂热法制备片状结构CaTiO3及光催化性能研究

在无模板或无表面活性剂条件下,利用溶剂热制备片状结构的CaTiO3.探究了水热时间对CaTiO3显微结构和在紫外光下催化降解罗丹明B溶液的光催化活性.分析了CaTiO3光催化剂加入量和不同pH值的罗丹明B溶液对样品光催化性能的影响.通过扫描电镜(FESEM)、X-衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-vis)和比表面积分析仪(BET)对样品进行了性能表征.实验结果表明:当水热时间24 h时制备了具有较好光催化性能的CaTiO3片状结构.同时加入0.1g CaTiO3样品降解pH值为9的罗丹明B溶液中,在紫外光的照射下CaTiO3样品光催化降解效果最好,60 min可达到K=0.0526 min-,其降解完后的溶液pH呈现中性,对环境不会造成酸碱污染.     

葡萄糖的加入量对C/Bi2WO6微晶的结构及可见光催化性能的影响

以葡萄糖(C6H12O6),分析纯硝酸铋(Bi(NO3)3·5H2O)和钨酸钠(Na2 WO4·2H2O)为原料,在简单的微波水热-煅烧条件下成功制备了形貌可控的交叉薄片状C/Bi2 WO6微晶.研究了反应体系中前驱物的不同摩尔比对产物的结构形貌以及光催化性能的影响.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、EDS能谱分析、扫描电子显微镜(SEM),Perkin Elmer Larnbda 950型紫外可见漫反射光谱仪和康塔公司NOVA 2200e型表面空隙度分析仪分别对产物的结构、形貌,光学性能以及氮吸附-脱附等温线进行表征.结果表明:当前驱物葡萄糖,硝酸铋和钨酸钠的摩尔比为1∶10∶5时,合成了形貌可控且具有较好可见光催化性能的C/Bi2WO6微晶,其禁带宽度为3.055 eV,在可见光照射240 min后对罗丹明B的降解效率可达到94.8;.     

乙醇与冰乙酸用量对混晶TiO2光催化性能影响

在溶胶凝胶工艺路线中,选择了不同的乙醇与冰乙酸用量,并对前驱体进行540℃保温2 h的热处理,制备了锐钛矿/金红石混晶TiO2粉体.利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪、X射线衍射仪等对样品进行了形貌、元素以及相组成的表征;样品粉体的光催化性能由罗丹明B的降解率评价.实验结果表明,样品为混晶结构,乙醇与冰乙酸用量对锐钛矿/金红石的含量有影响;当乙醇用量为90 mL,冰乙酸用量为5 mL时,制得的TiO2粉体光催化效率最高,反应3 h后对罗丹明B的降解率达到83.9;,反应速率常数k值为0.00982 min-1.     

pH值对水热合成磷酸铋的光催化性能的影响

利用水热法通过调节溶液的pH值合成了不同物相和形貌的磷酸铋.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行了物相和形貌表征,并以10 mg·L-1的亚甲基蓝溶液为目标降解物,对材料的光催化降解性能进行了评价.结果表明:前驱物溶液的pH值对磷酸铋的形貌、物相和光催化性能都有较大影响.前驱物溶液pH值为1.3时制得的磷酸铋的光催化性能最高,室温汞灯照射20 min,亚甲基蓝的降解率可达到99.61;.     

水热法制备铁酸铋及光催化性能研究

以金属硝酸盐、硝酸、氢氧化钠和去离子水为原料,采用水热合成法来制备铁酸铋.研究了水热温度、pH值、水热反应时间对合成反应的影响,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、热重分析仪、振动样品磁强计等手段对制备的铁酸铋纳米粉体的相结构、微观形貌进行了表征.结果表明,水热产物和形貌依赖于水热反应条件,通过水热反应条件的调控,制备出平均粒径在300hm左右的BiFeO3纳米颗粒.最后,以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了BiFeO3纳米颗粒在可见光下的光催化性能.光催化实验显示制备的铁酸铋纳米颗粒在可见光下具有良好的光催化活性.     

铋基碘氧化物/煤矸石复合粉体的制备及光催化性能

以表面改性的煤矸石粉、硝酸铋和碘化钾为原料,采用超声法制备了BiOI/煤矸石复合粉体和Bi5 O7I/Bi4O5I2/煤矸石复合粉体,利用XRD、SEM、EDS对所制得的样品进行了表征,并以模拟太阳光为光源,罗丹明B为目标降解物,对其光催化活性进行了研究.结果表明:BiOI/煤矸石复合粉体和Bi5O7I/Bi4O5I2/煤矸石复合粉体均表现出较高的可见光光催化降解能力,并且Bi5O7I/Bi4O5I2/煤矸石复合粉体的光催化活性要大于BiOI/煤矸石复合粉体的光催化活性.Bi5O7I/Bi4O5I2/煤矸石复合粉体三次循环利用后光催化2h对罗丹明B的降解率仍可达到88.9;,可重复使用.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

Synthesis of spinacine and spinacine derivatives: crystal and molecular structures of Nπ-hydroxymethyl spinacine and Nα-methyl spinaceamine

The natural amino acid L-Spinacine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized following a new pathway which gives a chemically and optically pure product with an excellent yield. The crystal structures of a synthetic intermediate, N^π-hydroxymethyl-spinacine, and a spinacine derivative, N^α-methyl-spinaceamine, have been investigated through X-ray diffraction: Spi(πMeOH)·H₂O, monoclinicP2 _i,a=8.571(1),b=6.682(1),c=8.588(1) Å, and β=94.67(1)^o. Spm(αMe)·2HCl·H₂O, triclinicP l,a=7.492(4),b=10.799(3),c=7.040(2) Å, α=91.88(2), β=98.36(3) and γ=73.34(3)^o. Spi(πMeOH) crystallizes with a water molecule and displays a zwitterionic character. The carboxylate group is in equatorial position and forms a short electrostatic interaction of 2.618(2) Å between one of its oxygens and the protonated nitrogen of the tetrahydropyridine ring. The crystal packing is assured by strong O?H???O, O?H???N, N?H???N intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C?H???O close contacts. The biprotonated compounds Spm(αMe) crystallizes with two Cl^? anions and a water molecule. The positive charge on the imidazole ring is delocalized on the conjugated moiety N=C?N. The crystal is built up by clusters formed by two biprotonated Spm(αMe) molecules, four Cl^? anions and two water molecules linked together by hydrogen bonds.