丁醇-变频微波-水热法制备优质碱式硫酸镁晶须及表征

以MgSO4·7H2O、NaOH为原料,采用丁醇-变频微波-水热法制备了优质碱式硫酸镁晶须.样品用XRD,SEM,TEM,TG-DTA进行了物相、粒度、晶体形貌结构和热分析.考察了传统的水热法、变频微波-水热法、丁醇-水热法、丁醇-变频微波-水热法四种工艺对碱式硫酸镁晶须晶形、结构、分散性的影响.实验发现,在水热反应体系中加入体积分数为25;的丁醇,并采用变频微波加热,调节微波炉反应温度T=130 ℃,反应时间t=9 h时可获得粒度分布均匀、晶形好、分散性好、表面光滑、缺陷少的优质碱式硫酸镁晶须.透射电镜下估算晶须直径约为0.8～1.1 μm,长度约为60～100 μm.初步分析了微波、丁醇对碱式硫酸镁晶须生长的作用.     

NH4+-NH3缓冲体系制备碱式硫酸镁晶须及生长机理

碱式硫酸镁晶须的分子式为xMgSO4·yMg(OH)2·zH2O,是一种人工合成具有一定长径比的无机功能材料.作为填充剂,可提高材料的抗拉强度等机械性能,也可以起到阻燃的作用.在NH4+-NH3缓冲体系,用常压一步法制备长度为10～30μm,直径为0.05～0.3μm,长径比为30～150的MgSO4·5Mg(OH)2·3H2 O晶须.采用XRD、SEM、TG、TEM对产品进行表征,结合表征结果对反应浓度、反应温度、反应时间和陈化时间等影响因素进行研究.对碱式硫酸镁的生成机理进行第一性原理分析,碱式硫酸镁晶须生长习性符合位错螺旋生长机制.采用缓冲体系稳定溶液酸碱性,降低反应溶液的非理想性,可以使晶体在非受迫情况下定向生长,为进一步工业应用,实现低能耗生产碱式硫酸镁晶须提供了重要参考.     

碱式氯化镁晶须的水热合成及生长机理探讨

以六水氯化镁、氢氧化钠为原料,采用水热法合成碱式氯化镁晶须[9Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·5H2O,basic magnesium chloride,BMC],并分析了镁离子浓度、镁离子与氢氧化钠的摩尔比R、反应时间、反应温度对晶体制备的影响.用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、选区衍射等对产物的形貌和组成进行表征.结果表明,180℃反应6h合成的BMC晶须长度为150 μm以上,直径在0.5～1 μm,长径比为150～400;BMC的生长实质上是以负离子配位多面体[Mg-(OH)4]2-及[Mg-Cl4]2-为生长结构基元,不同的晶体取向和叠合速度而形成的晶须.     

磷石膏常压酸化法制备无水硫酸钙晶须的实验研究

以磷石膏为原料,一步常压酸化法制备无水硫酸钙晶须.采用单因素实验方法研究了盐酸浓度、反应温度、反应时间和固液比4个因素对制备硫酸钙晶须的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对反应产物样品的物相、微观形貌进行了表征.结果 表明:在盐酸浓度为5 mol/L、反应温度为90℃、反应时间为3h和固液比为0.10g/mL的条件下,一步法制备出了直径为1～4μm、长径比为3～8的无水硫酸钙晶须.分析认为,无水硫酸钙晶须是在二水硫酸钙溶解量达到其过饱和度后从溶液中结晶形成的.     

高长径比三水碳酸镁晶须的合成研究

采用低温水溶液法合成三水碳酸镁晶须,考查了反应温度、反应时间、表面活性剂用量及反应溶液初始pH等因素对三水碳酸镁晶须的长度及长径比的影响.研究结果表明:在反应温度45～50℃、反应时间50～60 min、表面活性剂添加量(质量分数)为1;、反应溶液初始pH =9.5的条件下,可以合成出高长径比三水碳酸镁晶须产品.     

一步水热法制备无水硫酸钙晶须

以生石膏为原料,六水氯化镁为形貌控制剂,采用水热法一步合成了无水硫酸钙晶须.借助SEM、TEM、XRD和XPS等测试手段考察了水热条件对无水硫酸钙晶须的影响,研究了无水硫酸钙晶须的生长过程.结果表明:镁/钙摩尔比n(MgCl2·6H2O)/n(CaSO4· 2H2O)=2.5,反应温度180℃,反应时间2h,可生长出长度为20 ～ 40 μm,直径0.5～2 μm的无水硫酸钙晶须.无水硫酸钙晶须生长过程为:片状CaSO4·2H2O-纤维状CaSO4·0.5H2O-纤维状CaSO4.     

基于响应面法的半水硫酸钙晶须制备工艺优化

本研究以氯化钙、硫酸为主要原料,采用常压酸化法制备半水硫酸钙晶须.以长径比、长度为主要指标,在单因素实验的基础上,运用响应面法中的Box-Behnken design对反应温度、硫酸浓度、反应时间、搅拌速度进行优化,建立半水硫酸钙晶须制备工艺的数学模型,研究制备的最优工艺条件.结果表明,制备半水硫酸钙晶须的最优工艺条件为:反应温度103℃、硫酸浓度7.4;、反应时间60 min、搅拌速度288 r·min-,得到的晶须样品形貌规整、均一,平均长径比为82.2,φ90为53.3,平均长度为562 μm.     

水热条件下黄磷炉渣废料制备碳酸钙晶须

本文采用黄磷炉渣制备白炭黑后的残留废液为原料,尿素作为沉淀剂制备碳酸钙晶须,系统研究了晶型控制剂(MgCl2)的浓度、反应温度、反应时间、尿素和残留废液的体积比等因素对碳酸钙晶须形貌和物相组成的影响,所得产品通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜进行了分析与表征.研究结果表明,反应温度140℃,反应时间3 h,(NH2)2CO:CaCl2体积比为1:3,晶型控制剂为0.3 mol/L的条件之下,可获得平均长度在50 p.m,长径比为10左右的碳酸钙晶须.     

硫酸镁为原料制备三水碳酸镁晶须的研究

以MgSO4·7H2 O和Na2 CO3为原料制备了三水碳酸镁晶须,考察了MgSO4浓度、MgSO4和Na2 CO3摩尔加料比例、反应时间以及反应温度对产物的影响,并对产物进行了分析和表征。确定了适宜的反应条件为温度50℃、MgSO4浓度1.2 mol/L、MgSO4和Na2 CO3摩尔比1∶1.2、反应时间40 min,此条件下,镁离子的转化率可达82.35;。当Na2 CO3浓度升高、反应时间延长、反应温度升高时,三水碳酸镁会向碱式碳酸镁转变。同时也探索了以白钠镁矾作为镁源制备三水碳酸镁晶须的条件,并进行了母液循环工艺的设计。     

硫酸镁与氨水水热反应合成碱式硫酸镁晶须

以MgSO4·7H2O和氨水为原料进行MgSO4·5Mg(OH)2·3H2O晶须(MOS)制备的实验.研究了水热反应温度、时间、镁离子浓度及原料配比对水热反应后液相及固相组成和MOS形貌结构的影响.结果表明,合成MOS的最优条件为反应温度190℃,反应时间5h,镁离子浓度3 mol/L,n(七水硫酸镁)∶n(氨水)比例为0.6∶1.合成MOS的母液能够实现循环利用,所得产品为形貌结构完整的MOS晶须.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

Synthesis of spinacine and spinacine derivatives: crystal and molecular structures of Nπ-hydroxymethyl spinacine and Nα-methyl spinaceamine

The natural amino acid L-Spinacine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized following a new pathway which gives a chemically and optically pure product with an excellent yield. The crystal structures of a synthetic intermediate, N^π-hydroxymethyl-spinacine, and a spinacine derivative, N^α-methyl-spinaceamine, have been investigated through X-ray diffraction: Spi(πMeOH)·H₂O, monoclinicP2 _i,a=8.571(1),b=6.682(1),c=8.588(1) Å, and β=94.67(1)^o. Spm(αMe)·2HCl·H₂O, triclinicP l,a=7.492(4),b=10.799(3),c=7.040(2) Å, α=91.88(2), β=98.36(3) and γ=73.34(3)^o. Spi(πMeOH) crystallizes with a water molecule and displays a zwitterionic character. The carboxylate group is in equatorial position and forms a short electrostatic interaction of 2.618(2) Å between one of its oxygens and the protonated nitrogen of the tetrahydropyridine ring. The crystal packing is assured by strong O?H???O, O?H???N, N?H???N intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C?H???O close contacts. The biprotonated compounds Spm(αMe) crystallizes with two Cl^? anions and a water molecule. The positive charge on the imidazole ring is delocalized on the conjugated moiety N=C?N. The crystal is built up by clusters formed by two biprotonated Spm(αMe) molecules, four Cl^? anions and two water molecules linked together by hydrogen bonds.