HNTs/SiO2复合气凝胶制备及其性能研究

采用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅原,以硅烷改性的埃洛石纳米管(HNTs)为增强相,利用CO2超临界干燥技术制备具有优良力学和隔热性能的HNTs/SiO2复合气凝胶.利用傅立叶红外光谱、扫描电镜、比表面积与孔径分析仪、万能试验机和导热率测量仪等手段对HNTs改性后的表面状态、HNTs/SiO2复合气凝胶的微观形貌、孔结构、力学和导热性能进行了测试分析.结果表明:改性后的HNTs均匀分散到二氧化硅气凝胶基体中,并与SiO2纳米颗粒实现良好的结合,HNTs/SiO2复合气凝胶呈三维网络结构,当HNTs含量为15wt;时,平均孔径为10.47 nm;随着HNTs含量的增加,复合气凝胶的力学性能不断增强,同时其导热系数也不断增大,当HNTs含量为15wt;时,HNTs/SiO2复合气凝胶的抗压强度为0.85 MPa,导热系数为0.024 W/mK.     

SiO2气凝胶分子动力学模拟研究进展

二氧化硅(SiO2)气凝胶是一种拥有三维骨架网络结构的纳米多孔材料,具有高孔隙率、低密度和低热导率等许多独特的性能.但是由于二氧化硅气凝胶本身的脆性及高温稳定性差等原因,限制了其大规模应用.二氧化硅气凝胶的热力学性能与其内部的三维骨架和孔结构紧密相关,掌握二氧化硅气凝胶内部微结构演化规律与宏观性能的关联,是改善其热力学...     

扩孔剂对SiO2气凝胶微观结构与性能的影响

以正硅酸乙酯为硅源,乙醇为溶剂,在溶胶-凝胶法和CO2超临界干燥的基础上,采用分别加入聚乙二醇(400)、六次甲基四胺和尿素作为扩孔剂的方法制备低密度SiO2气凝胶.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、孔径分布及比表面积测试仪(BET)、纳米压痕仪对未加扩孔剂和加入不同扩孔剂所制备的SiO2气凝胶的表面形貌、结构、比表面积、孔径分布、力学性能以及密度进行研究.结果发现:随着增加扩孔剂的加入量, SiO2气凝胶的密度明显降低;与未加扩孔剂的样品相比,加入扩孔剂所制备的SiO2气凝胶的比表面积和孔径增大;其中,六次甲基四胺具有较佳的扩孔效果,制备得到的SiO2气凝胶的性能较佳,孔径分布主要集中在15~55 nm,平均孔径为35.4 nm,比表面积高达1006 m2· g-1,孔体积为5.3 cm3· g-1,孔隙率高达96.2;.     

SiO2气凝胶小球热处理过程中的相变研究

以无机硅溶胶为先驱物,通过溶胶-凝胶过程和常压干燥工艺制备出SiO2气凝胶.将SiO2气凝胶在不同温度条件下进行热处理,采用DSC、XRD、TEM、BET和IR等手段表征了SiO2气凝胶由无定形态向多晶态转化过程中,其多孔结构特征的变化.研究结果表明,在600℃以下进行热处理,样品表现出良好的热稳定性;当热处理温度在600～1060℃,随着温度的升高,多孔结构特征因无定形SiO2微粒团聚而逐渐消失;当热处理温度高于1060℃,无定形SiO2发生相变形成多晶态,导致SiO2气凝胶多孔结构特征完全消失.     

通过SiO2涂层改善BaSi2O2N2∶Eu2荧光粉的热性能

本文研究了SiO2涂层对BaSi2O2N2∶ Eu2蓝绿色荧光粉发光性能和热性能的影响.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2包覆的BaSi2O2N2∶Eu2+蓝绿色荧光粉.实验结果表明,最佳镀膜量为6wt;,当镀膜量大于此值时,荧光粉亮度迅速降低.涂覆SiO2后,在150℃下BaSi2O2 N2∶Eu2荧光粉的热猝灭性能提高了2.4;,在500℃热降解后荧光粉的发光性能提高了15;.SiO2涂层显著提高了BaSi2O2N2∶Eu2+荧光粉的热稳定性.SiO2涂层的作用机理是在荧光粉表面和氧化气氛之间形成阻挡层,保护Eu2的发光中心在热加热过程中不被氧化.     

SiO2气凝胶纳米多孔结构的自组装过程模拟

基于分子动力学理论,模拟并计算了纳米多孔SiO2气凝胶的原子尺度模型和力学性能.SiO2气凝胶网络结构的自组装形成过程表明,当密度为0.078 g/cm3时,形成的结构以纳米团簇为主,难以形成连通的骨架结构;当密度为0.172 g/cm3及以上时,硅氧元素分布已扩展形成了连通的无定形骨架结构.通过对不同密度体系模型单轴施加应变并计算相应的应力值,得到应力-应变关系曲线,并依据弹性范围求得弹性模量.模拟结果表明,弹性模量与密度成一次线性关系,当气凝胶密度在0.078～0.443 g/cm3时,弹性模量为0.1265～0.7889 MPa.     

利用不同硅前体制备超疏水性白炭黑膜

以稻壳灰和水玻璃为前驱体,以氨基硅油(amino silicon oil-ASO)为改性剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同性能的超疏水性白炭黑及其膜.主要研究不同前驱体和改性剂用量对白炭黑疏水性膜性能的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和润湿接触角进行性能表征.研究结果表明,以稻壳灰或水玻璃为前驱体,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法均能制备出接触角大于160°的SiO2超疏水膜;采用相同的改性剂,可以得到颗粒形态完全不同的SiO2膜;改性剂的作用对SiO2表面改性作用是一种接枝反应,将疏水性基团接枝替代SiO2表面的羟基,而使SiO2表面疏水,且能起到模板作用,引导水玻璃溶胶颗粒聚合成棒状或纤维状结构.     

基于静电作用制备硅基气凝胶及其性能研究

针对第二类复合材料(基体与增强相间通过化学键连接)增强导致二氧化硅气凝胶密度及导热率升高等不足,利用带负电荷的二氧化硅气凝胶与带正电荷的聚合物间静电吸引作用制备二氧化硅气凝胶/聚合物杂化复合材料,分析基于静电作用的二氧化硅气凝胶的增强、透光与传热性能.研究表明,通过静电吸引作用在二氧化硅气凝胶骨架表面引入聚合物层,可以有效提高气凝胶材料的强度,聚合物的引入使气凝胶内部分微孔转变为中孔,同时由于静电吸引相界面的高透光和高热阻性质,使气凝胶复合材料基本保持原有的透光性能和隔热性能.     

水热/溶剂热法制备锂电池负极材料碳气凝胶/Fe2O3及其电化学性能

采用水热/溶剂热法,通过在碳气凝胶(CA)表面负载纳米Fe2O3颗粒,制备了具有不同外观形貌的CA/Fe2O3复合负极材料.通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和热重(TG)等测试手段表征了碳气凝胶、Fe2O3及CA/Fe2O3的结构、形貌和Fe2O3负载率,并对复合负极的电化学储锂性能进行了研究.结果表明,采用水热或溶剂热法时,在碳气凝胶表面合成的Fe2O3颗粒分别呈橄榄球状和微球状.电化学结果表明,采用溶剂热法合成的CA/Fe2O3复合材料作为锂电池负极材料具有较高的储锂容量和倍率性能,在100 mA·g-1电流密度下循环50次,可逆容量为634.9 mAh·g-1,充电容量保持率高达97.9;.     

TiO2/SiO2纤维的表征及其光催化活性

本文采用溶胶-凝胶法及离心甩丝,以TiCl4为钛源、乙酰丙酮为螯合剂成功制备了TiO2/SiO2纤维,并采用XRD 、FE-SEM、FT-IR和DSC -TG等手段对样品结构和性能进行表征.结果表明掺入SiO2可以抑制TiO2晶粒长大和晶型转变,700℃热处理后,未掺SiO2和掺15wt; SiO2的样品晶粒大小分别为32.4 nm和7.6 nm.TiO2/SiO2纤维直径为10～20μm,且表面含有大量纳米气孔.以活性艳红X-3B溶液为降解对象,研究了掺杂量、热处理温度对纤维光催化活性的影响,表明最优的方案为掺15wt; SiO2、热处理制度为700℃/2 h.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.