Al_2O_3-Re_2O_3(Re=La,Nd,Y,Lu)对无压烧结Si_3N_4陶瓷显微结构与力学性能的影响

研究了二元助剂Al_2O_3-Re_2O_3(Re=La,Nd,Y,Lu)对无压烧结Si_3N_4陶瓷的相对密度、显微结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:经1800℃无压烧结后,Si_3N_4陶瓷试样的相对密度均达到97%以上;以Al_2O_3-Lu_2O_3为烧结助剂的Si_3N_4陶瓷试样具有最高的维氏硬度和抗弯强度,分别为15.2±0.18 GPa和920±5 MPa。     

MgO-Al2O3-Re2O3(Re=Lu,Y)对无压烧结Si3N4陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

研究了MgO-Al2O3-Re2O3(Re=Lu,Y)三元烧结助剂体系对无压烧结Si3N4陶瓷显微结构和力学性能的影响.研究结果表明,添加MgO-Al2O3-Lu2O3三元助剂制备的Si3N4陶瓷显微结构具有明显的双峰分布,晶粒较粗化,致密度、硬度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性分别为96.4;、14.59 GPa、964 MPa、7.64 MPa·m1/2;而添加MgO-Al2O3-Y2O3三元助剂制备的Si3N4陶瓷具有细化的显微结构,致密度、硬度、弯曲强度、断裂韧性分别为99.9;、15.29 GPa、758 MPa、6.60 MPa·m1/2.     

Y2O3-Al2O3含量对Si3N4陶瓷相组成、致密化、显微结构和力学性能的影响

以α-Si3N4粉为原料,通过添加不同含量的Y2O3-Al2O3烧结助剂(6wt;、8wt;和10wt;),在1800℃下采用热压烧结制备了Si3 N4陶瓷,研究了Y2 O3-Al2 O3含量对Si3 N4陶瓷的物相、致密度、显微结构与力学性能的影响,结果表明:添加6wt;的Y2 O3-Al2 O3助剂即可获得高致密的Si3 N4陶瓷,继续增加助剂含量对Si3 N4陶瓷的致密度影响不大,但是显著影响 α-Si3 N4相和β-Si3 N4相的含量,较高的Y2 O3-Al2 O3助剂含量有利于α-Si3 N4转化为β-Si3 N4.不依赖于Y2 O3-Al2 O3助剂含量,Si3 N4陶瓷均包含细小的等轴晶粒和大尺寸的棒状晶粒,呈现双峰结构,但是Y2 O3-Al2 O3助剂含量增加到10wt;时,可以显著增加棒状晶粒的数量,形成更显著的双峰结构.基于当前研究,发现加入低含量的Y2O3-Al2O3助剂(6wt;),可以获得高硬度高强度的Si3N4陶瓷,而引入高含量的Y2O3-Al2O3助剂(10wt;),则可以获得高韧性高强度的Si3N4陶瓷.     

低压铸造升液管用Si3N4/SiC复相非致密陶瓷材料显微结构和力学性能

以低压铸造用升液管为研究目的,磨切单晶硅废料Si粉和SiC为原料,Y2O3-Al2O3-Fe2O3为复合烧结助剂,反应烧结法制备Si3N4/SiC复相陶瓷.研究了Y2O3含量对复合材料结构和力学性能的影响,采用XRD、SEM对复合材料的相组成、微观形貌进行分析.结果表明,反应烧结后试样生成Si3N4结合SiC晶粒为主相的烧结体,并含有少量Sialon晶须及未反应的Si.Y2O3含量对复相陶瓷力学性能影响很大,在分析稀土Y2O3作用机理的基础上,得到2.5wt; Y2O3优化试样的力学性能优良,相对密度达到88;,维氏硬度达到1.1 GPa,常温抗弯强度50 MPa.     

纳米η-Al2O3无压烧结制备单相氧化铝陶瓷

采用99;纳米η-Al2O3为原料,无压烧结制备单相氧化铝陶瓷,通过TG-DSC、XRD和SEM等手段对试样进行分析和表征,并测试其力学性能.结果表明:纳米η-Al2O3 1084.8℃时转变为α-Al2O3,转变温度小于理论转变温度;晶型转变释放的能量能够降低氧化铝陶瓷的烧结温度,1550℃时试样的相对密度达91.48;,显气孔率为2.45;,断裂韧性较高.由于η-Al2O3的密度小于α-Al2O3,无压烧结时试样发生晶型转变产生体积收缩,致密性较低,直接用η-Al2O3制备致密的单相Al2O3陶瓷较为困难.     

以β-Sialon为过渡层的Si3N4-Al2O3梯度材料的微波烧结行为及性能

在粉末叠层基础上于1550℃,保温30 min的微波烧结条件下,合成了以β-Sialon为过渡层,Si3N4和Al2O3为端元组分的梯度材料.SEM分析显示烧结试样表面气孔少,晶粒之间排列紧密,结构均匀;XRD分析表明由于组分之间的固溶反应,梯度材料中β-Sialon相的z值在1～3范围内呈现规律性变化.各烧结试样的体积密度在2.9～3.5 g/cm3之间,相对密度在90; ～ 96;之间,热膨胀系数随着成份的变化而呈现出从Al2O3端到Si3N4端呈逐渐下降的趋势.     

以透辉石为烧结助剂的Al2O3陶瓷的力学性能和显微结构

利用无压烧结方法制备了添加透辉石的Al2O3基陶瓷,研究了烧结温度和保温时间对Al2O3基陶瓷的相对密度、硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性的影响,探讨了烧结工艺参数对Al2O3陶瓷力学性能和微观结构的影响.结果表明,Al2O3陶瓷的力学性能随烧结温度和保温时间变化趋势与材料密度的变化趋势一致;添加透辉石的Al2O3陶瓷在1520 ℃烧结140 min时,具有最佳的综合力学性能;显微结构分析表明,Al2O3陶瓷的力学性能受到其气孔率、晶粒发育情况和断裂模式的影响.     

晶硅切割废粉为原料的反应烧结Si3N4结合SiC复相陶瓷的工艺研究

以晶硅切割废料Si粉和SiC为原料,Y2O3-Al2O3-Fe2O3为复合烧结助剂,反应烧结法制备低压铸造升液管用Si3N4/SiC复相陶瓷材料.设计L9(34)正交实验,研究了原料中Si、助剂Al2O3、Y2O3和Fe2O3的含量对陶瓷材料力学性能的影响和优化.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料的相组成、断口形貌进行分析.结果表明,反应烧结后试样生成Si3N4结合SiC晶粒为主相的烧结体,并含有少量SiALON及未反应的Si.Si含量对力学性能的影响最为显著,通过对正交试验的验证,20wt; Si、3.2wt; Al2O3、0.8wt;Fe2O3和2wt; Y2O3时烧结体抗弯强度最高.     

ZrB2粒径对Si3N4-ZrB2陶瓷相组成、显微结构及电阻率的影响

以20vol; ZrB2粗粉和细粉为导电相,以3vol; MgO-2vol; YB2O3烧结助剂,通过热压烧结在1500℃制备了Si13N4-ZrB2复相陶瓷,研究了ZrB2粒径对致密度、相组成、显微结构以及电阻率的影响.结果表明,不依赖于Zrl2粒径,通过引入MgO-YB2O3烧结助剂,均可以获得高致密Si3N4-ZrB2陶瓷.以Zrl2粗粉为原料时,Si3N4-ZrB2陶瓷包含主要的αt-Si3N4 、β-Si3N4和ZrB2相以及微弱的Yb4 Si2N2O7相,由于ZrB2晶粒保持孤立状态,样品电阻率较高,为9.5×103 Ω·m;而以ZrB2细粉为原料时,其与Si3N4发生轻微的高温反应,除了包含主要的d-Si3N4、β-Si3N4和ZrB2相及微弱的Yb4Si2N2O7相之外,Si3 N4-ZrB2陶瓷还含有新生成的微弱ZrSi2和ZrN导电相,由于ZrB2晶粒保持连通状态,样品电阻率显著降低,仅有6.8 Ω·m.     

Al2O3陶瓷非等温烧结研究

以高纯α-Al2O3粉体为原料,采用非等温烧结法制备了纯Al2O3陶瓷(AL)及掺杂MgO-Y2O3复合助剂的AJ2O3陶瓷(ALMY).研究了AL和ALMY在不同烧结温度下的相对密度、显微结构及硬度.结果表明,在非等温烧结中,纯Al2O3致密化的烧结温度范围较窄,烧结温度为1500℃时,其相对密度及硬度分别为98.1;和18.1GPa,当烧结温度为1600℃时,AL由于晶粒显著粗化,且产生了晶内气孔,相对密度及硬度分别显著下降到94.6;和12.5 GPa.MgO-Y2O3复合助剂的引入拓宽了Al2O3致密化的烧结温度范围,细化了显微结构,烧结温度在1500℃和1600℃时,ALMY的相对密度均在98;以上,硬度分别为19.2 GPa和17.6 GPa.     

Growth of Yb-doped Y2O3, Sc2O3, and Lu2O3 single crystals by the micro-pulling-down technique and their optical and scintillation characterization

In this report, growth of Yb-doped sesqui-oxide crystals of Y₂O₃, Sc₂O₃, and Lu₂O₃ by the micro-pulling-down technique and their scintillation performance are discussed. Growth of these crystals is difficult mostly as a result of their extremely high melting point of around 2400 °C. Nevertheless, appropriate design of the thermal zone and careful control of the growth parameters allowed fabrication of these crystals of reasonable quality. Based on the results of measurements of emission spectra under α-ray excitation and pulse height spectra under α-ray and γ-ray excitations, scintillation characteristics of above crystals including emission wavelength and light yields under α-ray and γ-ray excitations were examined. Additionally, decay kinetics of these materials under α-ray excitation were evaluated.     

Structural properties of Cr2O3–Fe2O3–P2O5 glasses,Part I

The structural properties of xCr₂O₃–(40 − x)Fe₂O₃–60P₂O₅, 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 10 (mol%) glasses have been investigated by Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Raman spectra show that the addition of up to 5.3 mol% Cr₂O₃ does not produce any changes in the glass structure, which consists predominantly of pyrophosphate, Q¹, units. This is in accordance with O/P ≈ 3.5 for these glasses. The increase in glass density and T_g that occurs with increasing Cr₂O₃ suggests the strengthening of glass network. The Mössbauer spectra indicate that the Fe²⁺/Fe_tot ratio increases from 0.13 to 0.28 with increasing Cr₂O₃ content up to 5.3 mol%, which can be related to an increase in the melting temperature from 1423 to 1473 K. After annealing, the 10Cr₂O₃–30Fe₂O₃–60P₂O₅ (mol%) sample was partially crystallized and contained crystalline β-CrPO₄ and Fe₃(P₂O₇)₂. The SEM and AFM micrographs of the partially crystallized sample revealed randomly distributed crystals embedded in a homogeneous glass matrix. EDS analysis indicated that the glass matrix was rich in Fe₂O₃ (39.6 mol%) and P₂O₅ (54.9 mol%), but contained only 5.5 mol% of Cr₂O₃. These results suggest that the maximum solubility of chromium in these iron phosphate melts is 5.5 mol% Cr₂O₃.     

CaO-MgO-Al2O3-Fe2O3-B2O3-SiO2系微晶釉的制备

通过引入B2O3以降低烧成温度,利用赤泥中的Fe2O3为着色剂,在1150℃左右低温烧成制备了CaO-MgO-Al2O3-Fe2O3-B2O3-SiO2系微晶釉.赤泥的加入量为20;左右时,釉面具有良好的装饰效果和显微硬度.利用XRD、SEM研究了釉的物相及显微组织.结果表明,釉中析出的微晶是普通辉石,微晶的含量随MgO及CaO的含量增加而增加,而提高Al2O3含量则抑制微晶的析出.     

EPR and magnetic susceptibility studies of B2O3–Bi2O3–Gd2O3 glasses

Glasses of the xGd₂O₃ · (100 − x)[B₂O₃ · Bi₂O₃] system with 0.5 ⩽ x ⩽ 10 mol% were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Data obtained show that for low gadolinium oxide contents of the samples (x ⩽ 3 mol%) the Gd³⁺ ions are randomly distributed in the host glass matrix and are present as isolated and dipole–dipole coupled species. For higher gadolinium oxide contents of the samples (x > 3 mol%) the Gd³⁺ ions appear as both isolated and antiferromagnetically coupled species. The EPR spectra of the glasses reveal resonance sites with an unexpected high crystalline field in addition to the ‘U’ spectrum, typical for Gd³⁺ ions in disordered systems. This absorption line is due to Gd³⁺ ions that replace Bi³⁺ ions from the host glass matrix and could play the network unconventional former role in the studied glasses.     

Yb2O3-Y2O3-Gd2O3-ZrO2热障涂层制备及性能研究

以Yb2O3、Y2O3 、Gd2O3稀土氧化物粉末和ZrOCl2·8H2O粉末为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备了Yb2O3-Y2O3-Gd2O3-ZrO2 (YYGZO)热喷涂用粉末,采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了YYGZO涂层,利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)研究了YYGZO粉末及涂层的微观组织形貌、相结构.结果表明,制备的热喷涂YYGZO粉末大部分呈规则实心球体状,且球形度良好,颗粒粒径均匀,大部分颗粒粒径分布为30～60μm,流动性能较好,满足大气等离子喷涂的要求.YYGZO涂层具有较好的高温相结构稳定性.所制备YYGZO热障涂层组织结构比较致密,涂层各个界面结合紧密,孔隙率约为9.23;,结合强度为35.2 MPa.     

Identification of a new family of diphosphate compounds, AI2BII3(P2O7)2: Structures of Ag2Co3(P2O7)2, Ag2Mn3(P2O7)2, and Na2Cd3(P2O7)2

Syntheses and single-crystal X-ray structural results are reported for three new mixed diphosphates of the family A^I ₂B^II ₃(P₂O₇)₂; Ag₂Co₃(P₂O₇)₂ (I), Ag₂Mn₃(P₂O₇)₂ (II), and Na₂Cd₃(P₂O₇)₂ (III). All crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P1 bar: (I) a = 5.351(4), b = 6.375(4), c = 16.532(4) Å, = 80.83(6) = 81.45(4), = 72.87(5)°, V = 528.9(6) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.649 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0428/0.0548 for 3949 obs. reflns; (II) a = 5.432(7), b = 6.619(6), c = 16.51(3) Å, = 80.78(8) = 82.43(9), = 72.82(7)°, V = 557.7(13) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.338 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0679/0.1303 for 2100 obs. reflns and (III) a = 5.67(3), b = 7.08(4), c = 7.90(4) Å, = 77.0(2), = 82.5(2), = 67.8(2)°, V = 286(3) ų, Z = 2, D _calc = 4.249 mg/m³, R/Rw = 0.0307/0.0342 for 1945 obs. reflns. (I) and (II) are isostructural but (III) is of a different type. All three structures are characterized by layers of P₂O₇ groups alternating with layers of mixed metal atoms. Differences are seen in the conglomerate bonding patterns of B atoms and in the irregular geometry of Ag in (I) and (II) compared to the octahedral bonding seen for Na in (III). The differences in structure may be understood in terms of the ratios of the ionic radii of A and B atoms.     

Pr2O3对含Cr2O3辉石系矿渣微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响

以白云鄂博西尾矿和粉煤灰为主要原料,分别制备了添加0,2.0wt;,4.0wt;和6.0wt; Pr2O3的辉石系矿渣微晶玻璃;综合采用基于DSC/DTA结果的析晶活化能Ek、Avrami指数以及粘流活化能Eη和背散射电子SEM显微形貌分析研究了Pr2O3对析晶的影响.结果表明在所研究范围内,Pr2O3含量的提高在整体上抑制了辉石相的析出.其原因除了与富Pr颗粒相对辉石相在析晶过程中的“钉扎”有关外,还与Pr2O3含量提高后使基础玻璃网络聚合程度加大,从而增大了辉石相形成所需离子扩散的阻力有关.     

Fe2O3-CO3O4共掺杂MgO-Al2O3-SiO2体系的红外辐射性能研究

采用固相反应法制备Fe2O3-Co3O4共掺杂MgO-Al2O3-SiO2体系的复合陶瓷材料,并通过XRD、SEM、XPS以及红外辐射测试等方法研究了样品的结晶行为与红外辐射性能.结果表明:Fe2 O3和Co3 O4共掺杂MgO-Al2 O3-SiO2体系后离子分布改变并生成混合尖晶石,从而引起品格畸变,从而有效提高材料的红外辐射性能.材料的红外发射率与其晶格畸变程度具有相同的变化趋势,并随Fe2 O3与Co3O4质量之比(R)的增加呈非线性变化.当R=3∶2时,材料在8 ～ 14 μm波段的辐射率可达0.92.     

Thermal expansion and transition temperature of glasses in the systems BeO–Al2O3–B2O3 and MgO–Al2O3–B2O3

Researches were conducted for glasses in the systems BeO–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃ and MgO–Al₂O₃–B₂O. The following characteristics have been determined: thermal expansion coefficient within 20–300 °C, structural thermal expansion coefficient (STEC) and glass transition temperature. The discussed properties of Be-aluminoborate and Mg-aluminoborate glasses have been compared with those of Ca-, Sr- and Ba-aluminoborate glasses. TEC of studied glasses gets higher going from Be-aluminoborate glasses to Ba-aluminoborate ones, but T_g decreases under the same succession. The dependence of STEC on the nature of a given cation is more complicated. The pattern of dependence of the properties on composition is due to changing the boron coordination number with respect to oxygen, which is the main network-former, and to competition between the aluminium and boron for the oxygen brought by an ion-modifier. The difference between the effect of one ion-modifier and that of another is determined by decreasing the radius of an ion and increasing its electric field strength in the succession from Ba²⁺ to Be²⁺. The ions of Be and Mg can also act as network-former to some extent.