含氧空位SrTiO3晶体电子结构研究

运用CRYSTAL-09软件计算得到了完整和含氧空位的SrTiO3晶体的电子态密度分布、能带结构和电荷密度分布。本文先通过分析完整SrTiO3晶体的电子结构,确定晶体化学键的组成。通过分析含氧空位的SrTiO3晶体的电子结构,发现禁带中出现一条新的缺陷带,缺陷带属于Σ轨道。通过缺陷能级的分析,结果表明SrTiO3晶体中2.4 eV的发光带可能是由Σ*-Σ之间的跃迁产生。     

Ca掺杂MgF2光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,计算了Ca掺杂MgF2晶体的几何结构、电子结构以及光学性质.结果表明:适量比例的Ca掺杂导致MgF2晶体禁带宽度变窄.在一定能量范围内,Ca掺杂对MgF2晶体的介电常数和吸收系数有调制作用,吸收系数增加有利于光生电子-空穴对的有效分离,提高了MgF2光催化效率,揭示了Ca掺杂MgF2体系在光催化方面的潜在应用.     

高压与掺杂对KDP晶体能带结构的影响

构建了高压条件下KDP晶体的原子结构模型和掺杂有Li+、Na+、Rb+、Cs+、Be2、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cr3+、Co2+、Cu2+、Al3+、La3+等12种阳离子的KDP晶体超级原胞结构模型,采用第一性原理计算了高压下的KDP晶体的能带结构和态密度,研究了替位式掺杂的形成能以及不同掺杂离子对电子结构的影响.结果表明:KDP晶体的带隙宽度随着压强的增加呈线性增长趋势;Co2+、Cu2+、La3+等重金属离子具有较低的掺杂形成能而易于形成替位式掺杂;碱金属离子掺杂后其带隙比二价离子和三价离子替位掺杂情形大得多,且随原子序数增大而增大.文章还依据能带理论构建了材料的电导率和热导率与带隙的关联式,分析讨论了高压和掺杂对KDP晶体热导率和激光损伤的影响.     

Al-N共掺杂ZnO的第一性原理研究

为了研究p型ZnO的掺杂改性,本文运用第一性原理密度泛函理论研究了未掺杂,Al、N单掺杂和Al-N共掺杂ZnO晶体的几何结构、能带结构、电子态密度.计算结果表明:未掺杂,Al、N单掺杂和Al-N共掺杂ZnO的超晶胞体积分别为0.2043 nm3、0.2034 nm3、0.2027 nm3、0.1990 nm3,带隙分别为0.72 eV、0.71 eV、0.60 eV、0.55 eV;N是比较理想的p型掺杂受主,若在禁带中再引入激活施主Al后,可填充的电子数由原来的19个增加到24个,N原子接受从价带跃迁的电子使价带产生非局域化空穴载流子,从而提高了晶体的导电性.与未掺杂,Al、N单掺杂相比,Al-N共掺杂ZnO具有更稳定的结构,更窄的带隙,更好的导电性,更有利于实现p型化.     

Cr掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2光学性质的第一性原理研究

本文对Cr掺杂TiO2进行了基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究.模拟计算了完整及Cr掺杂TiO2的电子结构,介电函数及吸收光谱的偏振特性.计算结果表明完整的锐钛矿型TiO2晶体在可见光范围内无吸收;掺Cr后晶体的禁带宽度减小到2.25 eV,吸收边红移,并在可见光区域出现了2.51 eV(495 nn)的吸收峰,表明Cr掺杂有利于提高TiO2对太阳光的吸收.计算结果与实验结果基本相符.     

Ni、Co掺杂对ZnTe电子结构影响的研究

研究了Ni、Co单掺杂ZnTe以及Ni-Co共掺杂ZnTe晶体材料的稳定性、磁性性质、能带结构、 态密度.结果发现:由杂质替换能分析得到Co掺杂体系的稳定性最强;掺杂都使ZnTe晶体体系产生磁性,磁性的主要起源主要是Co、Ni与Te原子d轨之间的相互耦合;Co、Ni、Co-Ni共掺杂ZnTe晶体体系的禁带中都出现杂质能级,使ZnTe晶体体系的导电能力增强;Co、Ni掺杂以及Co-Ni共掺杂ZnTe结构的态密度总体向低能区移动.     

Fe掺杂α-Bi2O3光电性质的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理杂化泛函HSE06方法对Fe掺杂α-Bi2 O3的电子结构和光学性质进行了计算研究.结果表明,Fe掺杂α-Bi2 O3体系有较小的结构变形,本征α-Bi2 O3的禁带宽度为2.69 eV,Fe掺杂使α-Bi2 O3的禁带宽度减小(约为2.34 eV).对其光学性质研究得出Fe掺杂扩展了α-Bi2 O3对可...     

Yb3+:YVO4晶体的生长及光谱性能研究

采用提拉法生长出光学质量优良的Yb3+:YVO4晶体,研究生长过程中工艺参数的控制.测得掺杂浓度为18.1;Yb3+:YVO4晶体中Yb3+离子的有效分凝系数Keff为0.96.测定了不同Yb3+离子掺杂浓度晶体的吸收光谱和荧光光谱,并分别计算了不同掺杂浓度下Yb3+:YVO4晶体的光谱参数.本文总结和解释了掺杂浓度影响其性能的规律,讨论了Yb3+:YVO4晶体作为激光晶体的优点.     

Er掺杂钛酸锶的制备及可见光催化性能研究

通过水热法制备了Er3+掺杂的SrTiO3系列光催化剂,对样品进行了X射线衍射、扫描电镜、紫外可见吸收光谱和比表面积分析,并以染料降解考察了样品的光催化活性.研究表明,Er3+的适量掺杂抑制了SrTiO3粒径生长,增加了SrTiO3对太阳光的利用率.在紫外光和可见光辐照下,水热法制备Er3+-SrTiO3的光催化活性优于纯SrTiO3和高温固相反应制备的Er3+-SrTiO3.当掺杂量为1.5;时,SrTiO3的光催化活性达到最大,且在可见光辐照下的光催化活性优于TiO2(P25)光催化剂.     

掺杂SrTiO3∶Sm3+的纳米TiO2光阳极的制备及其光电性能研究

采用水热法制备SrTiO3∶Sm3+纳米粉体,将其作为下转换剂掺杂于纳米TiO2光阳极.用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和荧光光谱仪对SrTiO3∶Sm3+粉体进行表征,并探讨了SrTiO3∶Sm3+掺杂量对染料敏化纳米TiO2太阳能电池光电性能的影响.结果表明:合成的SrTiO3∶Sm3+纳米粉体具有下转换功能,将紫外光转换为592 nm处的黄光,拓宽了光谱响应范围;随着SrTiO3∶Sm3+掺杂量的增加,电池的短路电流密度显著增大,当其掺杂量为10wt;时,电池的暗电流密度最小,光电转换效率最大为4.38;,相对于纯TiO2效率提高了27;.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.