以稻壳灰为硅源制备超疏水性白炭黑

以稻壳为原料,采用自蔓延燃烧法制备高活性的稻壳灰.以稻壳灰为原料,采用碱溶煮-酸反应法制备较高纯度的白炭黑.以六甲基二硅氮烷(HMS)为改性剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备超疏水性的白炭黑及其膜.主要研究酸反应过程中的pH值和反应时间对白炭黑中SiO2含量的影响,以及六甲基二硅氮烷改性剂对白炭黑(SiO2)膜疏水性能的影响,通过XRD、SEM、IR和润湿接触角进行性能表征.研究结果表明,将稻壳灰在NaOH溶液中加热到90℃后溶煮2h,再用硫酸调节溶液的pH值为3,反应时间控制在2h时,白炭黑SiO2的含量可达98.48;.当六甲基二硅氮烷用.量为0.15(与硅钠溶液的质量之比)时,可以获得接触角为166.3.的SiO2的SiO2超疏水膜.而改性剂对SiO2表面改性作用是一种接枝反应,将疏水性基团接枝替代SiO2表面的羟基,而使SiO2表面疏水.     

静电纺丝法制备超疏水/超亲油SiO2微纳米纤维膜

采用静电纺丝法制备SiO2微纳米纤维膜,经六甲基硅氮烷(HMDS)改性后获得疏水/亲油特性,用FTIR、SEM、接触角等手段表征纤维膜的成分、微观形貌和对水及正十二烷的润湿性能等,研究了制备工艺对纤维膜物性参数以及润湿性能的影响,并测试了改性后纤维膜的高温稳定性和耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:SiO2微纳米纤维膜具有较多的孔隙和较高的比表面积,经HMDS改性后其表面粗糙结构结合疏水亲油的-Si(CH3)3基团使得纤维膜获得超疏水/超亲油特性,其水接触角为153.7°、水滚动接触角为8.2°、油接触角为0°;超疏水/超亲油SiO2微纳米纤维膜的最高耐受温度为450℃,最大拉伸强力为(40.7 ±9.4)×10-2N,且具有较好的耐腐蚀性能.     

单分散SiO2微球的制备及疏水改性研究

采用改进的凝胶-溶胶法制备了200~800 nm的单分散SiO2微球,并通过真空冷冻干燥法得到不易团聚的单分散SiO2粉体,采用乙醇超临界方法对制备的SiO2微球进行疏水改性.通过扫描电镜和氮吸附-脱附分析仪对SiO2微球的表面形貌、粒径以及孔径分布进行表征;用傅里叶红外变换测试和测量接触角对疏水改性的SiO2微球进行分析.结果表明SiO2微球粒径随二次加入TEOS体积增加呈先增大后减小.经过乙醇超临界处理,SiO2微球表面成功接枝上了疏水烷基,微球尺寸越小,疏水性越好,其接触角高达149°,单次SiO2微球处理量对结果无明显影响.采用本方法可以单次处理12 g以上的SiO2微球,接触角均在140°左右,可充分满足实验室使用需求.经过真空冷冻技术和乙醇超临界技术得到疏水单分散SiO2微球粉体,具有不易团聚及单分散性良好的优点,能够作为胶体晶体原料和三维有序材料(3-DOM)模板剂进行广泛应用.     

稻壳制备MCM-41分子筛疏水改性研究

以稻壳灰为硅源,水热法合成MCM-41分子筛.因MCM-41分子筛亲水性强,对疏水性有机污染物吸附效果欠佳的问题,以二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷为改性剂分别对其进行疏水改性.通过润湿接触角、XRD和FT-IR等进行性能表征,以亚甲基蓝染料为目标污染物,考察疏水改性后分子筛的吸附性能.结果表明,改性剂中的硅烷基已顺利地接枝在MCM-41分子筛表面,并由疏水性基团≡Si-O-Si三替代了MCM-41分子筛表面的羟基,使MCM-41分子筛表面疏水.经乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷和甲基三乙氧基硅烷修饰后的分子筛的疏水性能优于二甲基二乙氧基硅烷修饰的分子筛疏水性,相应地前两者对亚甲基蓝的吸附容量也高于后者.     

乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷对二氧化硅的超疏水改性研究

采用乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(VTMO)为改性剂,以氨水为pH调节剂制备改性二氧化硅(SiO2)超疏水材料.通过CA、FTIR和SEM对材料接触角、组成和形貌进行表征.考察了VTMO与SiO2的比例、反应时间、干燥时间对改性二氧化硅超疏水材料接触角和形貌的影响.结果表明,VTMO可在较短时间内改性二氧化硅制备出超疏水二氧化硅粉体,VTMO与SiO2比例对改性SiO2粉体的水接触角和微观二重结构有明显影响,而反应时间和干燥时间的影响较小.     

自清洁纳米TiO2/SiO2复合薄膜的制备与性能

采用TiCl4作为前驱体,对TiO2溶胶进行SiO2复合改性,制备出无需热处理就具有良好性能的TiO2溶胶,用浸渍提拉法在玻璃上镀膜,获得TiO2/SiO2涂层.采用XPS、XRD、SEM、AFM等对溶胶和薄膜进行表征和分析.研究结果表明:最优SiO2复合量为0.3(与TiO2的摩尔比).溶胶中含有结晶良好的锐钛矿TiO2,改性后的TiO2颗粒粒径减小.复合溶胶中,Si元素主要以SiO2和Ti-O-Si键两种形式存在.薄膜表面由TiO2的二次粒子堆积而成,呈不规则球形,三维形貌为一些尖塔状突起,复合薄膜表面颗粒更为细小,成膜更为致密.复合溶胶和薄膜具有更优异的紫外和可见光的亚甲基蓝降解能力,最终水接触角可达到0°,显示出更优越的亲水性能,对油酸的分解能力明显提高,具有更强的自清洁性能.     

超声辅助沉淀法制备疏水性纳米SiO2

采用超声沉淀法制备出SiO2纳米粉体,利用硅烷偶联剂γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)对其进行了表面改性,并利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重(TG)、接触角、透射电镜(TEM)等方法对SiO2的结构和性能进行了表征,并研究了KH-570用量和改性时间对SiO2活化指数的影响。结果表明:与普通搅拌相比,超声更利于纳米SiO2的制备和改性。超声条件下,KH-570成功接枝到SiO2纳米粒子的表面。且改性后的SiO2疏水性提高,在无水乙醇中的分散状态得到明显改善。当改性剂用量为6 mL,改性时间为1 h时,SiO2纳米粒子的活化指数达到100%。     

单分散二氧化硅微球的制备及表面化学修饰

采用St(o)ber法在醇-水混合体系中,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为硅源,在氨水催化作用下制备SiO2纳米微球,分析了不同浓度的氨水、TEOS、乙醇和温度对SiO2微球形貌及粒径的影响,并利用透射电镜对其形貌和粒径进行表征.最后引入具有疏水基团的十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷对SiO2微球表面进行修饰,并采用FT-IR和测量接触角对修饰的SiO2微球进行分析.结果表明:SiO2微球粒径随氨水浓度的增加而增大;随TEOS、乙醇浓度和温度的升高先增大后减小;并通过FT-IR和测量接触角证明疏水基团成功接枝到SiO2微球表面.     

磷钨酸/碳纳米管/TiO2复合纳米材料制备及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了磷钨酸(HPW)/碳纳米管(CNTs)/TiO2复合纳米颗粒,利用X-射线衍射、BET低温氮吸附、红外光谱、透射电子显微镜及紫外-可见漫反射光谱等对其进行了性能表征.实验结果表明,在HPW与CNTs的共同作用下,使CNTs在前驱体溶剂体系中的分散性得到有效改善,更利于TiO2在其表面的均匀分布,提高了TiO2的光利用率,从而使TiO2复合纳米材料的光催化性能得到明显改善.     

白炭黑的长链烷基官能化改性及表征

以正二十二醇为改性剂对沉淀法白炭黑粉体进行了表面改性.采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TG)、元素分析(EA)、接触角仪、激光粒度分布分析、透射电镜(TEM)等表征手段,研究考察了长链烷基对沉淀法白炭黑形貌及性能的影响.结果表明:正二十二醇成功接枝到了白炭黑的表面,且每克白炭黑表面接枝改性剂的量为0.0328 mol/g;改性后白炭黑的分散性和疏水性得到明显提高,其接触角由改性前的0°增加到了132°;改性后的白炭黑粉体粒径分布变窄,粒子平均粒径值由改性前的491.2 nm减小到240 nm.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.