四方体MgO的制备及对有机染料的吸附

以六水氯化镁和六次甲基四胺为原料,采用水热法合成四方体MgO,考察其对有机染料甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的吸附行为.通过TGA-DTA、SEM、XRD、N2-sorption和FT-IR等手段表征样品.结果表明,原料浓度、温度和表面活性剂对四方体MgO结构的形成影响较小,而反应时间的延长有助于有序结构的组装.温度170℃、时间24h、MgCl2·6H2O与C6H12N4浓度比为1∶2和表面活性剂PVP是制备四方体MgO的最佳条件.在溶液浓度10mg · L-1的单一吸附实验过程中,四方体MgO对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的去除率分别为91.3;和22.3;,吸附过程均为单层吸附且符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和伪二级吸附动力学方程.在溶液浓度40 mg·L-1、甲基橙和亚甲基蓝浓度比3∶1的混合溶液吸附过程中,四方体MgO对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的去除率分别为80.1;和97.9;.     

基于四核铜簇单元构筑的配位聚合物及光催化降解性能

以1,3-双咪唑基丙烷(1,3-BIP)、1,3,5-苯三甲酸(H₃BTC)和Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O为原料,在溶剂热条件下合成了Cu(II)配位聚合物[Cu₂(μ₃-OH)(1,3-BIP)(BTC)]_n(SNUT-20),并用元素分析、热重分析、红外光谱、单晶X射线衍射等表征手段对配位聚合物进行了表征。单晶X射线衍射解析结果表明,配位聚合物SNUT-20是一个以四核铜簇作为次级结构单元,通过混合配体的进一步连接,形成一个3,8双节点的拓扑结构。此外,配位聚合物SNUT-20对罗丹明B(RhB)、亚甲基蓝(MB)和甲基橙(MO)表现出良好的光催化降解性能,对RhB、MB、MO的降解率分别达到了81.5%、89.4%和48.3%。     

基于3-羟基-2-吡啶苯甲酸的铜(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成,晶体结构和光催化性能

以3-羟基-2-吡啶苯甲酸(H2L)和Cu(NO3)2·6H2O为原料,通过溶剂热反应得到了一个新的配位聚合物[Cu(HL)2·C2H5OH]n(1).通过X-射线单晶衍射、元素分析、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TG-DTA)和固态漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)等实验手段对配合物进行了表征.结果表明,配合物1结晶于单斜晶系,P21/c空间群.最小结构单元中包含一个铜离子与四个有机配体,形成六配位模式,并进一步通过有机配体的羧基和羟基基团桥接,形成了二维平面结构.配合物1具有半导体性质,带隙能(Eg)为3.01 eV.光催化性能测试结果表明,配合物1对染料亚甲基蓝(MB)和甲基橙(MO)均具有催化降解效果,在紫外光照射下120 min和180 min内,对二者的降解率分别为92.6;和45.4;.配合物1还具有良好的循环再生性,重复使用5次后仍能保持对MB分子的光催化活性基本不变.     

利用稻壳制备X型分子筛及性能研究

以稻壳为硅源,采用水热法成功合成出了X型分子筛,并对亚甲基蓝染料进行吸附.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见光谱和钙离子交换能力对样品的性能进行表征与测试.研究结果表明,提纯后稻壳灰为无定型态,其主要成分SiO2含量高达98.96;;水热法合成X分子筛的最佳配比为n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3) =3.8、n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)=1.4、n(H2O)/n(Na2O) =40,最佳水热晶化温度为100℃,最佳晶化时间为8h.在此条件下,合成产物无杂相,晶形发育完好,结晶度高,钙离子交换能力高达310.3 mg·g-1.亚甲基蓝溶液初始pH值在11 ～12范围内,初始浓度小于30 mg·L-1,分子筛用量在0.10～0.25 g范围内时,产物对亚甲基蓝有较好的吸附效果.     

Sm,C掺杂改性纳米TiO2及其可见光催化性能研究

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了Sm、C分别单掺杂和共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化剂,采用XRD、FESEM、TEM、XPS、UV-Vis-DRS、PL、Nano-sizer纳米粒度分析仪等对样品进行表征,以光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)作为评价模型,研究了不同样品对MB的光催化降解效果.结果表明,Sm单掺杂抑制了TiO2从锐钛矿向金红石的相转变,抑制晶粒长大,C的单掺杂则促进了TiO2的相转变,Sm或(和)C的掺杂均能细化TiO2晶粒,拓展TiO2在可见光区的光谱响应范围,降低光生e-/h+对的复合几率.Sm、C的掺杂均能有效提高TiO2的光催化活性,且共掺杂时存在协同效应,当n(Sm)∶n(C)∶n(Ti)=0.01∶0.3∶1、热处理温度500 ℃时,Sm/C-TiO2样品在普通日光灯下催化降解MB的一级表观速率常数是相同条件下纯TiO2的4.3倍.     

纳米镁铝水滑石的合成、微结构及吸附性能研究

本文以硝酸镁、硝酸铝为原料,以碳酸钠和氢氧化钠为沉淀剂和pH值调节剂,采用液相沉淀法制备了纳米镁铝水滑石层状化合物(Mg-Al-LDHs),利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线能谱分析仪(EDS)系统比较研究了pH值、反应温度、镁铝比等条件对合成LDHs晶体微结构及晶体生长的影响,同时利用生长基元的配位体理论对其生长机理进行了初步探讨,在此基础上,以甲基橙(MO)模拟染料废水为吸附对象,考察了最佳条件下制备的LDHs培烧产物的吸附性能和吸附机理.研究结果表明:pH值、温度的增加有利于生成结构单一、结晶性、规整性较好的镁铝水滑石晶体,产物晶粒尺寸及径厚比呈增大趋向.当反应温度等于或大于80℃时,温度的升高对镁铝水滑石晶体的形态影响较小.镁铝比的改变对产物的物相影响较小,但影响产物的结晶及生长,当镁铝比为3∶1时,所得产物晶粒的规整度、均一性最好,尺寸约为70-100 nm,厚度为20 nm左右,镁铝比为1∶1时,晶粒粒径明显减小,约为30 nm左右.最佳条件下合成的纳米镁铝水滑石焙烧产物具有较好的吸附性能,随着时间的增加,吸附脱色率逐渐增加,当吸附时间达到70 min,LDO对染料的吸附逐渐达到饱和平衡,脱色率达到90;以上,吸附动力学研究表明LDHs对甲基橙的吸附过程更符合准一级动力学方程,其R2值更接近1,吸附等温线符合Iangmuir模型.     

光波辅助核桃壳活性炭吸附孔雀石绿性能的研究

以新疆薄皮核桃壳为原料,加入0.7 mol/L的氯化锌(ZnCl2)在600℃马弗炉中活化加热50 min制备活性炭.采用微波、光波、光波组合C1、光波组合C2辅助活性炭吸附孔雀石绿染料溶液,探讨辐射时间、染料浓度、活性炭用量对吸附效果的影响.结果表明:辐射时间2 min、染料浓度500 mg/L、活性炭用量10 mg时,吸附效果最佳;该吸附过程更符合准二级吸附动力学方程(R2=0.9928),属于化学吸附;拟合等温Langmuir方程能更好的描述该吸附过程(R2=0.9919),吸附以单分子层吸附为主;正交实验分析表明,影响吸附效果的主次顺序为活性炭用量>染料浓度>吸附时间;活性炭用量对吸附效果的影响最为显著.     

纳米Fe3O4/高岭土复合粉体制备及其对亚甲基蓝吸附性能研究

以天然高岭土为载体、利用化学共沉淀法成功地制备出纳米Fe3O4/高岭土复合粉体。采用XRD、FSEM对复合粉体的物相组成、粒径、显微结构、形貌进行了表征,并研究了其磁分离性能和对亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能。结果显示,复合粉体中的铁氧化物呈单一的Fe3O4相,Fe3O4晶粒的尺寸为10~30 nm,且均匀负载于高岭石晶体表面。当Fe3O4、高岭土质量比为1∶5时,复合粉体的磁分离率高达90.12%,并具有良好的吸附性能。复合粉体对MB的去除率随着吸附时间的延长、吸附温度的升高、溶液p H的增大和投入量的增加而逐步提高,随着MB溶液初始浓度的增大而逐步减小;对MB的吸附量随初始浓度的增大而逐步增大。     

磁性Fe3O4/膨胀石墨对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以膨胀石墨(EG)为载体,采用简单的水热法,制备出磁性Fe3O4/膨胀石墨(MEG).采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对MEG的组成结构和形貌进行表征.以亚甲基蓝为目标污染物,探讨了溶液pH值、吸附时间、盐离子浓度和亚甲基蓝初始浓度对吸附性能的影响,并对吸附动力学和吸附等温线进行研究.结果表明:当亚甲基蓝初始浓度为50 mg·L-1,pH值为7,吸附时间为60 min时,对亚甲基蓝的去除率和吸附量分别为97.03;和48.52 mg·g-1,随着溶液中盐离子Na+和Ca2浓度的增加,MEG对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能降低;MEG对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型.MEG可以使用磁铁进行分离回收,回收率达95.71;.5次吸附-再生后,吸附量仍较高为41.72 mg·g-1,说明MEG吸附剂具有较稳定的重复使用能力.     

UV-vis辐照下H2Fe2Ti3O10/TiO2插层材料光催化活性的研究

在高压汞灯辐照下,通过插入反应将H2Fe2Ti3O10与n-C3H7NH2/C2H5OH和TiO2溶胶制备出H2Fe2Ti3O10/TiO2插层复合物.插入TiO2的层状钙钛矿化合物H2Fe2Ti3O10在UV-vis辐照下表现出高活性.实验结果表明H2Fe2Ti3O10/TiO2作为光催化剂在可见光(λ＞420nm)下辐照24h,降解甲基橙的速率为59.0;.与相同条件下降解率只有24;的商用光催化剂TiO2(Degussa P-25)相比,H2Fe2Ti3O10/TiO2表现出了更高的光催化活性.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.