用粉煤灰和高岭土混合原料合成β-Sialon粉体

以粉煤灰、高岭土混合物为原料,采用碳热还原氮化法制备了不同z值的β-Sialon粉体.研究了原料组成(Si/Al值)、活性炭配量以及反应温度对合成产物物相的影响.利用X射线衍射仪分析产物物相的组成,用扫描电子显微镜对产物的显微形貌进行分析.结果表明,当原料中Si/Al值为1.5,配炭量过量100;时,在1450℃保温6h条件下,可以合成主要物相为Si3Al3O3N5(β-Sialon,z=3)的粉体,粉体的显微形貌呈现纤维状;当原料中Si/Al值为1.7,配炭量过量150;时,在1450℃保温6h条件下,可以制备主要物相为Si4Al2O2N6(β-Sialon,z=2)的粉体,粉体的显微形貌呈现纤维状和板状.     

ZrB2粒径对Si3N4-ZrB2陶瓷相组成、显微结构及电阻率的影响

以20vol; ZrB2粗粉和细粉为导电相,以3vol; MgO-2vol; YB2O3烧结助剂,通过热压烧结在1500℃制备了Si13N4-ZrB2复相陶瓷,研究了ZrB2粒径对致密度、相组成、显微结构以及电阻率的影响.结果表明,不依赖于Zrl2粒径,通过引入MgO-YB2O3烧结助剂,均可以获得高致密Si3N4-ZrB2陶瓷.以Zrl2粗粉为原料时,Si3N4-ZrB2陶瓷包含主要的αt-Si3N4 、β-Si3N4和ZrB2相以及微弱的Yb4 Si2N2O7相,由于ZrB2晶粒保持孤立状态,样品电阻率较高,为9.5×103 Ω·m;而以ZrB2细粉为原料时,其与Si3N4发生轻微的高温反应,除了包含主要的d-Si3N4、β-Si3N4和ZrB2相及微弱的Yb4Si2N2O7相之外,Si3 N4-ZrB2陶瓷还含有新生成的微弱ZrSi2和ZrN导电相,由于ZrB2晶粒保持连通状态,样品电阻率显著降低,仅有6.8 Ω·m.     

纳米SiC对Si3N4/SiC复相陶瓷性能及显微结构的影响

本研究通过采用纳米SiC粉体及有机前驱体两种途径,制备了Si3N4/SiC粒子(Si3 N4/纳米SiC)复相陶瓷,研究了纳米SiC对Si3 N4/SiC复相陶瓷性能及显微结构的影响,讨论了材料强化的机制与显微结构的关系.     

添加多晶硅废料制备SiC/Si3N4复相结合SiC耐火材料

以碳化硅、多晶硅废料、金属硅粉为原料,纸浆废液为结合剂,采用反应烧结工艺制备SiC/Si3N4复相结合SiC耐火材料.运用热力学分析了利用多晶硅废料代替部分工业金属硅粉和碳化硅细粉制备SiC/Si3N4复相结合SiC耐火材料的理论可行性.系统地分析了单质硅氮化机理,提出Si首先与N2中的微量氧反应形成气态SiO,至体系氧分压降至P(02)/pθ＜1 × 10-18.9,Si直接氮化.研究了多晶硅废料对材料物相组成和微观结构的影响.结果表明:利用多晶硅废料制备的SiC/Si3 N4复相结合SiC耐火材料性能优异;多晶硅废料的添加使反应生成的结合相由原先单一的Si3 N4变为Si3 N4和β-Sic,两结合相发挥各自的性能优势;多晶硅废料中的硅粉粒径小,活性大,与工业金属硅粉共存时能发生逐级氮化作用,增加了纤维状Si3N4含量,优化了材料结构.     

晶硅切割废粉为原料的反应烧结Si3N4结合SiC复相陶瓷的工艺研究

以晶硅切割废料Si粉和SiC为原料,Y2O3-Al2O3-Fe2O3为复合烧结助剂,反应烧结法制备低压铸造升液管用Si3N4/SiC复相陶瓷材料.设计L9(34)正交实验,研究了原料中Si、助剂Al2O3、Y2O3和Fe2O3的含量对陶瓷材料力学性能的影响和优化.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料的相组成、断口形貌进行分析.结果表明,反应烧结后试样生成Si3N4结合SiC晶粒为主相的烧结体,并含有少量SiALON及未反应的Si.Si含量对力学性能的影响最为显著,通过对正交试验的验证,20wt; Si、3.2wt; Al2O3、0.8wt;Fe2O3和2wt; Y2O3时烧结体抗弯强度最高.     

以硅片线锯屑和石英为原料合成氮氧化硅粉体研究

研究了以回收提纯的太阳电池硅片线锯屑粉与粗粒石英粉为原料直接用N2气体氮化合成氮氧化硅(Si2N2O)的工艺条件,分析原料配比和反应温度对氮氧化合成产物的影响.结果表明,采用这种线锯硅屑粉为原料,可以在1450℃下4h常压纯氮合成条件下得到氮氧化硅产物;当原料摩尔比n(Si)/n(SiO2)=1.5时,所得产物在XRD检测能力范围显示为纯Si2N2O相,不含氮化硅副产物相.从反应相对增重量分析推测,反应体系中可能包含SiO2在高温和低氧分压条件下的转变为Si2N2O的过程.     

自蔓延高温合成Ti(C,N)材料

采用Ti粉和一种CNx前驱物粉体为原料,通过自蔓延高温合成技术,制备了单相Ti(C,N)材料.并研究了添加过量Ti对反应合成Ti(C,N)材料的影响.研究结果表明,自蔓延反应会产生很高的温度,温度达2782 K.燃烧产物组织均匀,Ti(C,N)颗粒平均大小约为3μm.当原料中Ti含量过量时,容易生成多种C和N配比不同种类的Ti(C,N)材料.最后,通过淬熄实验提出了一种自蔓延反应合成Ti(C,N)的机理.     

Al催化剂辅助直流电弧法合成α-Si3N4纳米线

采用等离子体辅助直流孤光放电技术,以SiO2粉和Si粉为反应原料,制备了大量纯度高α-Si3N4纳米线.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对α-Si3N4纳米线的形貌和组分进行表征与分析.TEM和SEM分析显示合成的α-Si3N4纳米线直径为30~100 nm,长达几十微米,其生长沿着α-Si3N4的[001]方向生长,生长机制气-液-固(VLS)机制所控制.α-Si3N4纳米线光致发光光谱(PL)表明其具有一宽的发光带,具有良好的发光性能.     

c-BN对于SPS烧结Si3N4/BN复相陶瓷结构和性能的影响

本研究通过引入立方氮化硼(c-BN),采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备Si3N4/BN复合材料,研究了c-BN在高温下的相变对Si3N4/BN复合材料烧结、结构和力学性能的影响.结果 表明:在高温下c-BN发生物相转变原位生成的h-BN能够均匀分散在Si3N4基体中,对于Si3N4/BN复合材料的烧结有明显的促进作用,同时对于Si3N4物相转变和晶粒生长的抑制作用小于直接引入到基体中的h-BN.对材料力学性能的分析显示:相较于直接引入h-BN,添加c-BN的复合材料硬度有轻微地下降,而抗弯强度和断裂韧性同时有了明显地提升.     

用于SiC晶体生长的高纯原料的合成及性能研究

SiC原料的纯度、粒径和晶型直接影响生长单晶的结晶质量和电学性质,尤其是高纯半绝缘本征SiC晶体的制备需要使用高纯SiC原料.本文采用超高温真空烧结炉,选择Si粉和C粉作为反应物,通过XRD、SEM、激光粒度测试仪和GDMS等测试手段研究了合成温度、压强、时间及原料配比等工艺条件对SiC颗粒成核、生长、晶型、粒径及堆积密度等综合性能的影响.结果表明,自合成的SiC原料一致性好、颗粒度均匀、纯度达到或超过5N.最后,使用自合成原料进行晶体生长,进一步证实其完全满足高质量半绝缘SiC晶体的制备.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.