改性芳纶纤维接枝氧化石墨烯的研究

借助硅烷偶联剂APTS的桥联作用,将氧化石墨烯接枝到紫外辐照改性的芳纶纤维表面,制成改性芳纶纤维接枝氧化石墨烯(m-AF-GO)的杂化材料.经FTIR、XPS和SEM测试表明氧化石墨烯成功接枝到改性芳纶纤维表面,且比未改性的芳纶纤维具有更加粗糙的表面.TGA显示改性芳纶纤维表面接枝氧化石墨烯提高了芳纶纤维的热稳定性.相比于芳纶纤维/炭黑/天然橡胶(AF/CB/NR)材料,m-AF-GO/CB/NR材料表现出更优异的界面相互作用和机械性能.     

溶胶-凝胶法改性碳纤维增强纳米HA复合材料的制备及性能研究

先对碳纤维进行对氨基苯甲酸预处理,然后通过溶胶-凝胶技术在预处理后碳纤维表面涂覆HA涂层,随后利用粉末冶金技术制备改性碳纤维增强纳米HA复合材料.研究碳纤维的改性工艺,观察改性后碳纤维表面的微观形貌,测量小同碳纤维含量下复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性.结果表明对氨基苯甲酸处理后碳纤维表面形成大量的纵向凹槽,表面粗糙度增加,将其在HA溶胶中提拉5次后可以在表面获得一层致密的、结合性能较好的膜层.烧结产物中HA过渡层可以很好地连接基体和碳纤维,提高纳米HA复合材料的力学性能,当碳纤维含量为3vol;时,溶胶-凝胶改性碳纤维/纳米HA复合材料的抗弯强度达到最大值84.6 MPa,是基体抗弯强度的3.45倍.当碳纤维含量为4vol;时,溶胶-凝胶改性碳纤维/纳米HA复合材料的断裂韧度达到最大值1.92 MPa·m1/2,是基体断裂韧度的2.43倍.     

CB@SiO2-BaTiO3-Epoxy复合材料制备及性能研究

对炭黑和钛酸钡颗粒进行表面改性,然后作为无机填料填充到环氧树脂中,制备得到CB@SiO2-BaTiO3-Epoxy复合介质材料.研究该复合材料的微观结构,探讨其介电性能、绝缘性能与填料含量和外加场频率等的关系.结果表明:改性后的炭黑、钛酸钡均与环氧树脂有良好的相容性,均匀分散在聚合物基体中;随着CB@SiO2和钛酸钡体积含量的增加,复合材料的介电常数逐渐增大,介电损耗也随之增加,同时漏导电流增加;炭黑和钛酸钡两种无机填料含量具有最优化结构,BaTiO3含量为20vol;、炭黑含量在5vol;的复合介质在低频下出现损耗极小值,这种最优化结构效果在复合材料的电导率上也有体现.当CB@SiO2含量为10vol;,BaTiO3含量为30vol;时,在1 kHz下复合介质材料的介电常数达62.7,介电损耗为0.0632,体积电导率为4.13 × 10-5S/m.     

碳化硅增强环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能研究

为了提高环氧树脂的摩擦磨损性能,利用碳化硅颗粒填充改性制备了碳化硅/环氧树脂复合材料,探讨了碳化硅含量对于复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响及磨损表面的磨损机理,分析复合材料的弯曲性能和动态力学性能,揭示了碳化硅的增强机理.结果表明高含量的微米碳化硅能够明显降低环氧树脂的摩擦系数,提高其耐磨性能:与纯环氧树脂相比,添加60wt;碳化硅的复合材料摩擦系数降低了21.44;,而添加40wt;碳化硅的复合材料,体积磨损率降低了83.49;.同时高碳化硅含量下复合材料的弯曲性能和动态力学性能有所增加.     

蓝宝石单晶窗口材料空间粒子辐照效应研究

蓝宝石单晶(α-Al2O3)窗口材料服役于空间环境中将不可避免地受到各种不同射线及离子流的辐照作用,影响其使用性能.本文研究了蓝宝石单晶经不同剂量质子流、电子流以及综合流辐照后其表面粗糙度、透过率以及面形精度等光学性能和结构的变化.实验表明空间粒子辐照使蓝宝石表面粗糙度增大且具有剂量效应,其中综合流对表面粗糙度影响最大,质子次之,电子影响最小;UV-Vis-VIR及FTIR测试实验表明空间粒子辐照使蓝宝石透过率下降,在紫外波段下降最明显,且在不同波段范围内不同辐照粒子种类对蓝宝石单晶透过率的影响程度也不同;粒子辐照对面形精度的影响不明显.     

CNTs对B4C放电等离子烧结行为和力学性能的影响

在1600℃、50 MPa条件下,采用放电等离子烧结工艺制备出了CNTs/B4C陶瓷基复合材料.研究了CNTs添加量对B4C烧结行为和力学性能的影响.采用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析了复合材料的物相组成和微观结构.结果表明:随着CNTs含量的增加,复合材料的相对密度和力学性能呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,且当CNTs含量为1wt;时,相对密度和力学性能达到最大值.分析认为,适量的CNTs有利于烧结过程中粉体的滑移,可以提高复合材料的烧结致密度,而随着CNTs含量的增加,位阻效应显著,使得复合材料的致密度降低.     

静电纺丝法制备超疏水/超亲油SiO2微纳米纤维膜

采用静电纺丝法制备SiO2微纳米纤维膜,经六甲基硅氮烷(HMDS)改性后获得疏水/亲油特性,用FTIR、SEM、接触角等手段表征纤维膜的成分、微观形貌和对水及正十二烷的润湿性能等,研究了制备工艺对纤维膜物性参数以及润湿性能的影响,并测试了改性后纤维膜的高温稳定性和耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:SiO2微纳米纤维膜具有较多的孔隙和较高的比表面积,经HMDS改性后其表面粗糙结构结合疏水亲油的-Si(CH3)3基团使得纤维膜获得超疏水/超亲油特性,其水接触角为153.7°、水滚动接触角为8.2°、油接触角为0°;超疏水/超亲油SiO2微纳米纤维膜的最高耐受温度为450℃,最大拉伸强力为(40.7 ±9.4)×10-2N,且具有较好的耐腐蚀性能.     

氧化石墨烯/羟基磷灰石复合材料对酸蚀牛牙釉质体外再矿化的影响

考察不含氧化石墨烯(GO)的羟基磷灰石(HAP)和含GO质量分数为0.1;的氧化石墨烯/羟基磷灰石复合材料(GO/HAP)对酸蚀牛牙釉质体外再矿化的影响.通过场发射扫描电镜、EDX能谱、X射线衍射仪和维氏显微硬度测试仪,对再矿化前/后牛牙釉质表面和剖面形貌、表面元素、晶体结构和力学性能进行表征.结果 表明:GO/HAP复合材料在酸蚀牙釉质表面生成了结合力较弱的花状晶体,将这些晶体超声剥离后发现脱矿釉质表面和釉柱间隙均得到良好的修复.剖面形貌分析显示,GO/HAP复合材料使釉质深层脱矿得到良好修复,促进了牙釉质棱晶间大量微小晶粒的生成,以及脱矿釉柱间隙中有序排列晶体的生成.同时,经GO/HAP处理后,酸蚀牙釉质表面的Ca/P摩尔比和晶体成分均得到良好的恢复.     

CdS/煤矸石复合粉的声化学法制备及光催化性能

采用EDTA对煤矸石粉进行了表面改性,然后以表面改性煤矸石粉、乙酸镉和硫代乙酰胺为原料,采用超声化学法制备了CdS/煤矸石复合粉体.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)以及所带能谱仪(EDS)对所制得的样品进行了表征,并以紫外光为光源,甲基橙为目标降解物,对其光催化活性进行了研究.结果表明:煤矸石表面有许多直径100 nm左右絮状球形立方相CdS小颗粒包覆着;CdS/煤矸石复合粉体表现出较高的光催化降解能力,在60W紫外灯辐照下,CdS/煤矸石的复合粉体重复利用3次后,处理3h对甲基橙的降解率仍可达92.8;.     

SiC/SiC复合材料高温力学性能研究

以聚碳硅烷为连续SiC陶瓷基体相的先驱体,三维四向SiC纤维预制体为增强相,采用聚合物先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备了SiC纤维增强SiC陶瓷基(SiC/SiC)复合材料,分析表征了复合材料的组成、结构和力学性能.结果表明,SiC/SiC复合材料室温弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别为400 MPa和16.5 MPa·m1/2,优异的室温力学性能可以保持到1350℃.随着温度增加,弯曲强度基本不变,1350℃时因界面层受到破坏而断裂韧性稍有下降.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.     

Synthesis of spinacine and spinacine derivatives: crystal and molecular structures of Nπ-hydroxymethyl spinacine and Nα-methyl spinaceamine

The natural amino acid L-Spinacine (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine-6-carboxylic acid) has been synthesized following a new pathway which gives a chemically and optically pure product with an excellent yield. The crystal structures of a synthetic intermediate, N^π-hydroxymethyl-spinacine, and a spinacine derivative, N^α-methyl-spinaceamine, have been investigated through X-ray diffraction: Spi(πMeOH)·H₂O, monoclinicP2 _i,a=8.571(1),b=6.682(1),c=8.588(1) Å, and β=94.67(1)^o. Spm(αMe)·2HCl·H₂O, triclinicP l,a=7.492(4),b=10.799(3),c=7.040(2) Å, α=91.88(2), β=98.36(3) and γ=73.34(3)^o. Spi(πMeOH) crystallizes with a water molecule and displays a zwitterionic character. The carboxylate group is in equatorial position and forms a short electrostatic interaction of 2.618(2) Å between one of its oxygens and the protonated nitrogen of the tetrahydropyridine ring. The crystal packing is assured by strong O?H???O, O?H???N, N?H???N intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C?H???O close contacts. The biprotonated compounds Spm(αMe) crystallizes with two Cl^? anions and a water molecule. The positive charge on the imidazole ring is delocalized on the conjugated moiety N=C?N. The crystal is built up by clusters formed by two biprotonated Spm(αMe) molecules, four Cl^? anions and two water molecules linked together by hydrogen bonds.