物理法制备芒硝基复合相变材料及其性能研究

以芒硝(Na2SO4· 10H2O)为主相变材料,采用物理共混法,筛选出合适添加辅助材料组成多元混盐体系,制备出相变温度在25℃左右的Na2SO4· 10H2O基复合相变材料,研究了原料配比对相变材料相变温度和相变潜热的影响.通过热重分析、T-history曲线、差示扫描量热法等表征了制备的芒硝基相变储能材料性质.结果表明:二元相变材料相变温度随着Na2CO3·10H2O增加而先降低后增大;相变材料相变潜热密度基本不变.三元相变材料相变温度随着NaCl、KCl、NH4Cl量增加相变温度降低;相变材料相变潜热密度相比于二元体系有所减小,且在一定范围内随着成核剂硼砂含量的增加该体系相变潜热密度基本保持不变,过冷度有明显下降.当Na2SO4· 10H2O量为86.4;、Na2CO3 · 10H2O量为9.6;、NaCl量为4;,对该配方改性添加3;的硼砂和0.1;的羧甲基纤维素钠时,此相变材料的相变温度为24.6℃,过冷度为0.3℃,相变潜热密度为179.6 J/g.     

钾明矾蓄热性能的研究与改善

钾明矾(KAl(SO4)2·12H2O)有较高的潜热和良好的导热性(熔化热232.4kJ/kg,导热系数为0.55W/m·K),熔点为91℃,是中低温相变材料中较有开发价值的一种.但是它的过冷度高达19.8℃,并且由于相变过程伴随着结晶水的蒸发使无机盐的使用寿命大大降低.本文通过冷指法及添加成核剂的方法对硫酸铝钾的过冷现象进行了研究,结果表明成核剂NiSO4·6H2O、MgCl2·6H2O能较好的改善过冷现象,当MgCl2·6H2O的添加量为2;时可使过冷度降为零,且能保持钾明矾的相变温度而不使其降低.利用MgCl2·6H2O具有很强的吸湿性,可以补充相变过程中损失的水分,使相变材料的使用寿命大大提高.     

苏州纳米所开发出超高热导率石墨烯-聚合物复合材料

<正>作为近来纳米科学领域的研究热点,新兴的石墨烯由于具有独特的二维结构、高比表面积和优异的热学性能(导热系数可高达3000-6000 W/(m·K)),受到了广泛关注。石墨烯/聚合物导热复合材料有望在电子器件、光电子器件、消费电子及导热聚合物材料中得到重要应用。目前,石墨烯的添加一定程度上改善了聚     

纳米粉体对Na2SO4·10H2O过冷及相分层现象的影响

采用物理和化学分散相结合的方法分别制备了Cu-Na2SO4·10H2O,Al-Na2SO4·10H2O及C-Na2SO4·10H2O纳米复合相变储能材料,探讨纳米Cu粉,纳米Al粉及纳米C粉对Na2 SO4·10H2O过冷及相分层的影响,并对CNa2 SO4·10H2O复合相变储能材料的导热系数,热扩散系数,比热,相变潜热及形貌进行分析.结果表明:纳米材料的添加使得Na2 SO4·10H2O的过冷显著降低,分别为1.8℃,2.1℃,1.2℃;纳米Cu粉及纳米Al粉复合相变储能材料相变循环后失效,而纳米C粉复合相变储能材料无明显相分层现象;随着纳米C含量的增加,复合相变储能材料导热系数增高,热扩散系数增高,比热降低,复合相变储能材料在融化和结晶状态下,导热系数都随着温度升高而增大;相变循环50次后的4; C-Na2SO4·10H2O复合材料相变潜热值为188.3 J/g.     

不同分散剂制备的石墨烯纳米片/双相磷酸钙生物复合材料及其力学性能研究

以石墨烯纳米片(GNPs)为强韧相,双相磷酸钙(BCP)为基体,采用不同的分散剂,通过热压烧结制备一种力学性能优良的骨组织替代材料.主要研究不同分散剂和GNPs对复合材料的力学性能、物相组成和微观结构的影响.结果表明,添加十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)作为分散剂时,由于表面正负电荷吸引,BCP粉体均匀包覆到GNPs的表面,可使GNPs达到较好的分散效果.当GNPs添加量为1.5wt;时,复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达到152 MPa和1.74 MPa·m1/2,与相同条件下制备的纯BCP陶瓷相比,分别提高了55;和76;,表明GNPs对BCP陶瓷具有明显的补强增韧的作用.     

YF3/氧化物烧结助剂对碳化硅陶瓷热导率的影响

利用YF3/氧化物体系作为烧结助剂热压烧结碳化硅陶瓷,研究了此体系中氧化物的种类、含量对样品的致密度、导热性能、物相成分、微观形貌的影响.实验结果表明,在烧结温度1900 ℃、压力50 MPa条件下,YF3/氧化物体系烧结助剂对碳化硅陶瓷热导率有所提升,其中同时添加5wt;YF3+3wt;MgO双相烧结助剂的SiC陶瓷性能最优,其致密度为98.93;,热扩散系数为71.40 mm2/s,热导率为154.29 W/(m· K).     

基于Callaway模型InGaN材料导热系数的理论研究

由于InGaN材料的禁带宽度调节范围大,热稳定性好,化学性质稳定,因此在微电子、光电子和热电领域的高温区有良好的应用前景.基于Callaway导热系数模型从理论上计算了体材料和薄膜材料InGaN的导热系数,分析了温度、In组分和边界尺寸对InGaN导热系数的影响.研究结果表明,温度大于100 K时,不同组分的InGaN材料导热系数随温度的上升而下降,300 K时,体材料In0.1Ga09N的热导系数为90.15 W·m-1·K-1,比相同温度下GaN的导热系数小一半,200 nm的In01Ga0.9N热导系数为30.68 W·m-1·K-1.InGaN合金的热导系数随着In组分先变小再变大,理论计算结果表明In0.6Ga04N的导热系数最小,300 K时,体材料的导热系数为14.52 W·m-1·K-1,200 nm的薄膜材料导热系数为4.02 W·m-1·K-1,理论计算结果与文献报道的实验结果是合理一致的.     

多孔碳球/SiC纳米纤维/十八醇复合相变材料定型封装及其热性能研究

以SiC纳米纤维为传热介质,在其表面采用原位生长的方法,均匀负载了多孔碳材料,从而制备了多孔碳球/SiC纳米纤维载体材料.然后以十八醇为相变芯材,通过物理吸附法制备了多孔碳球/SiC纳米纤维/十八醇复合相变材料,研究了不同相变芯材负载量的复合相变材料的储热性能与稳定性能.DSC检测表明,负载40wt;十八醇的复合相变材料的熔点和凝固点分别为58.16℃和52.25℃,熔化潜热为101.42 J/g;负载50wt;十八醇的复合相变材料的熔点和凝固点分别为58.01℃和51.93℃,熔化潜热为115.47 J/g.与十八醇相比,负载40wt;十八醇的复合相变材料的导热率提高了71;;负载50 wt;十八醇的复合相变材料的导热率提高了62;.该复合相变材料在循环使用300次后,其导热率基本保持相同,具有稳定性高;相变芯材封装安全性好,相变潜热大,具有非常优异的应用性能.     

热处理制度对透辉石微晶玻璃析晶与导热性能的影响

以SiO2、CaO和MgO为主要原料,采用传统高温熔融工艺制备了基础玻璃,并通过一步析晶热处理工艺制备了透辉石微晶玻璃.利用X射线衍射仪、电子扫描显微镜和激光导热仪分别研究了热处理温度和时间对透辉石微晶玻璃析晶和导热性能的影响.结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,微晶玻璃的结晶度增加,晶粒尺寸增大,导热系数先增大后减小;随着热处理时间的延长,微晶玻璃的晶粒尺寸增大,导热系数先增大后减小.当热处理温度890℃,热处理时间120 min,升温速率为10℃/min,微晶玻璃晶粒尺寸为0.3～0.4μm,结晶度为79;,导热系数达到最大值2.59 W/(m·K).     

石墨烯/WO3纳米片的制备及对H2S气敏性能的研究

为了改善WO3基材料的气敏性能,通过水热法制备出石墨烯添加量为0.5;、0.8;、1.0;、1.5;(质量分数)的石墨烯/WO3纳米片复合材料.利用XRD和FE-SEM对材料的物相、形貌进行表征,并研究其对H2S的气敏性能.结果表明,复合石墨烯对WO3的结构和形貌产生了较大的影响,石墨烯复合使材料对H2S的灵敏度提高,工作温度降低,石墨烯(0.5wt;)/WO3纳米片复合材料在110 ℃对100 ppm H2S气体灵敏度可达8.3,且响应-恢复时间短.     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.