基于原位捕获异腈的Ugi四组分反应及其后修饰串联反应:一锅法合成含氮杂环化合物

报道了一种基于原位捕获异腈的Ugi四组分反应及后修饰串联反应的新策略.根据该反应策略,异腈化物被原位制备,并立即被捕获参与Ugi四组分反应及后续的修饰串联反应.相比之前的报道,该策略在Ugi四组分反应及其后修饰串联反应中实现了基于异腈的原位捕获,解决了反应中异腈化物的不稳定、高毒性和对环境的不友好等问题.温和的反应条件,精简的制备方法,也为异腈参与的Ugi四组分及后修饰串联反应提供了一种绿色无污染的新策略.     

Ugi反应在环肽生物碱和小肽衍生物抗生素及细胞毒素类等天然产物合成中的应用

Ugi反应是由1分子醛或酮、1分子胺、1分子异腈和1分子羧酸4个组分通过缩聚反应生成α- 酰氨基酰胺类化合物的反应。 具有反应条件温和、产率高和原子经济性好等特点。 该反应还可与Suzuki、Heck和Smiles等经典反应偶联,使得其在天然产物合成方面得到越来越多的关注。 本文概括总结了近几十年来Ugi反应在一些天然产物合成中的应用。     

无金属参与的连续的Ugi三组分/炔烃-叠氮环加成反应一锅合成[1,2,3]三唑并[1,5-a]喹喔啉（英文）

报道了无金属参与的连续的催化型Ugi三组分/炔烃-叠氮环加成反应一锅合成[1,2,3]三唑并[1,5-a]喹喔啉.该反应使用邻叠氮基芳胺、炔醛以及异腈为原料,在磷酸催化下发生催化型Ugi三组分反应,随后在甲苯中加热发生环加成反应以55%～85%的收率得到[1,2,3]三唑并[1,5-a]喹喔啉.     

钴催化异腈参与的偶联反应研究进展

异腈是一种含有稳定二价碳原子的重要活性反应物,在含氮化合物的构建、新药物的研发以及天然产物的合成中得到了广泛的应用.在过去的十年中,以Passerini和Ugi反应为基础,化学家们致力于研究异腈参与的多组分反应.最近,过渡金属催化异腈参与的氧化偶联反应得到广泛的发展,而使用的催化剂主要集中在一些贵重的过渡金属（Pd、Rh、Ag等）化合物,如何利用廉价过渡金属Co来催化异腈参与的偶联反应具有非常重要的意义.在这里我们概述了近年来Co催化异腈参与的偶联反应的最新研究进展.     

Ugi/SmI_2还原反应合成N-取代β,γ-不饱和酰胺的研究

将α,β-不饱和醛、苯胺、乙酸和异腈的Ugi四组分反应产物在四氢呋喃中用SmI2/HMPA处理,可以得到碳链延长一位的β,γ-不饱和酰胺,方法简便,产率中等到良好.该反应涉及一个自由基脱氨基过程.     

基于Ugi四组分反应合成结构多样的新型分散染料（英文）

以Ugi四组分反应为关键步骤,建立了一种合成结构多样、色牢度性能优异新型分散染料的新方法.从简单易得的原料出发,经过4-氧代丁酸衍生物合成,酸、苯胺、苯甲醛和环己基异氰的Ugi四组分反应以及Ugi产物与重氮盐偶合等步骤合成了15个新颖的分散染料.用~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、红外光谱、质谱和高分辨质谱对Ugi产物和新染料的结构进行了表征,并测试了他们的可见光吸收和摩尔消光系数.在聚酰胺和聚酯纤维上色牢度的研究发现,新型分散染料的色牢度比已知分散染料红1和红13有了很大提高.色牢度的提高与分散染料中引入的两个酰胺基和一个酯基以及染料分子量/体积的适当提高相关.这是一个合成新型高性能分散染料分子库的有效方法.     

Ugi四组分一锅法高效合成结构独特的活性生物碱化合物

以α-氨基酸、醛、异腈和醇为原料,四组分在室温条件下通过一锅法反应制备得到结构独特的天然活性生物碱1,1’-亚胺基二羧酸衍生物。利用薄层色谱、高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪对反应进程进行监测,用硅胶柱层析对产物进行纯化,化合物的结构通过质谱、核磁共振波谱的解析确定。该反应是Ugi反应的创新发展,具有反应操作简单、产率高、立体选择性好、高原子经济性等特点,在新药设计与合成、组合化学和天然产物合成中具有广泛的应用。     

异腈参与的多组分反应研究进展

多组分反应由于反应本身的经济性和生态价值,越来越受到人们的重视。异腈的亲电和亲核反应均发生在碳原子上,因此在多组分反应中具有重要作用。本文就近年来有异腈参与的多组分反应进行了综述,主要阐述了Ugi反应和Passerini反应及其他含异腈参与的多组分反应的机理、研究开展及应用情况。     

基于Ugi多组分反应的赖氨酸与糠醛的直接聚合

报道了基于Ugi多组分反应的N_(α-)叔丁氧羰基_(-L-)赖氨酸、糠醛与叔丁基异腈的聚合.聚合条件温和,无需使用催化剂,且所得聚合物的相对数均分子量M_n最高可达10.0 kg/mol.特别是,聚合在水中也可顺利进行,可以避免有毒溶剂的使用,符合绿色化学发展理念.核磁共振氢谱(~1H-NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(~(13)C-NMR)及基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)的结果证实所得聚合物具有类肽的结构.在此基础上,推测N_(α-)叔丁氧羰基_(-L-)赖氨酸、糠醛与叔丁基异腈的聚合符合Ugi反应的一般机理,即糠醛首先与氨基缩合形成亚胺,再经过两次的亲核加成、Mumm重排以及酰基转移反应,最终形成具有类肽结构的聚合物. DSC测试结果表明聚合物玻璃化转变温度(T_g)为116℃,无明显熔点.所获得的聚合物在生物降解材料及生物医用材料等领域具有潜在的应用价值,这为赖氨酸和糠醛的直接聚合以及可再生资源的高附加值利用开辟了一条新路径.     

异腈基乙酸酯及其衍生物参与的多组分反应研究进展

对近年来异腈基乙酸酯及其衍生物参与的多组分反应进行了综述。重点介绍了Passerini反应和Ugi反应的最新研究进展。参考文献19篇。     

One-pot synthesis of α-acyloxyaminoamides via nitrones as imine surrogates in the Ugi MCR

α-acyloxyaminoamides can be prepared, with yields ranging from fair to very good (up to 89%), through an Ugi four component reaction by mixing a carbonyl component, a carboxylic acid, an isocyanide and an N-alkylated hydroxylamine in methanol. Preformed nitrones furnish the same final compounds with comparable yields.     

One-pot synthesis of quinolin-2-(1H)-ones via tandem Ugi-Knoevenagel condensations

A new application of the Ugi reaction in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds is described. Substituted quinolin-2-(1H)-ones are formed in one-pot sequential Ugi four-component condensation and intramolecular Knoevenagel cyclization between o-acylanilines, aldehydes, malonic or tosylacetic acids and cyclohexyl isocyanide.     

Synthesis of novel glutarimide derivatives via the Ugi multicomponent reaction: affinity towards the E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate receptor Cereblon

The glutarimide moiety, common in many immuno-modulatory drugs, was decorated with lactam and diamide side chains via two variants of the Ugi reaction, namely, with isocyanide, aldehyde and acid or with isocyanide and oxo acid. The resulting diastereomerically pure compounds were evaluated for their affinity towards the E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate receptor Cereblon.     

Participation of ethyl 3-formylindole-2-carboxylate with the Ugi four-component condensation reaction

Multicomponent condensation of ethyl 3-formylindole 2-carboxylate, amines, isocyanide and (S)-N-boc-alanine or (S)-N-boc-serine is described. This Ugi four-component condensation (Ugi-4CC) reaction yielded a series of novel dipeptides containing an indolyl moiety. These compounds exhibit potential biological activity.     

Zinc chloride catalyzed three-component Ugi reaction: synthesis of N-cyclohexyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenylamino)acetamide derivatives

The ability of zinc chloride as a catalyst to promote the three-component Ugi reaction of 2-aminophenols, aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes, and cyclohexyl isocyanide in methanol at room temperature is described. The N-cyclohexyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenylamino) amide products are obtained in high yields. When N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal and triethyl orthoformate, as two new components of the three-component Ugi reaction are used instead of the aldehyde the reaction gives N-cyclohexyl-2-(dimethylamino)-2-(2-hydroxyphenylamino)acetamide and N-cyclohexyl-2-(2-hydroxyphenylamino)-2-ethoxyacetamide derivatives, respectively.     

α,α-Dialkylglycines obtained by solid phase Ugi reaction performed over isocyanide functionalized resins

The multicomponent Ugi reaction is a straightforward method that can be used for the synthesis of highly hindered C-tetrasubstituted amino acids by reacting an amine, a ketone or aldehyde, a carboxylic acid and an isocyanide. In the present work, the synthesis of several α,α-dialkylglycines (α,α-diethylglycine, Deg; α,α-dipropylglycine, Dpg; 1-amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, Ac₆c) was achieved by solid phase Ugi reaction using resins functionalized with the isocyanide group. Since no resins with these features were available commercially, the functionalization of an aminomethylated resin started by the use of glycine (Gly), β-alanine (β-Ala) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as spacers. After spacer N-formylation, followed by dehydration, isocyanide functionalised resins were obtained. The resins were then used in solid phase Ugi reaction, using phenylacetic acid as the acid component, 4-methoxybenzylamine as the amine component and different ketones, to afford the desired N-acylated α,α-dialkylglycines in good overall yields (60–80%), after acidolytic cleavage from the resin, thus proving the feasibility of this approach.     

Innovative macromolecular syntheses via isocyanide multicomponent reactions

Isocyanide multicomponent reactions assemble more than two reaction components by exploiting the reactivity of the isocyanide carbon atom toward addition of electrophiles and nucleophiles. Reactions such as the Passerini three‐component and Ugi four‐component coupling reactions have a long and successful history in organic synthesis, which has only recently been explored in polymer chemistry. In a short time, this class of multicomponent reactions has been established as a viable method for the synthesis of linear polymers as well as more complex architectures such as miktoarm star polymers and dendrimers. This highlight discusses the recent accomplishments made with regard to innovative syntheses of polymers and dendrimers via the Passerini and Ugi reactions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 3985–3991     

An Access to Glycoconjugate Libraries through Multicomponent Reactions

Four-component reactions : The Ugi reaction of four suitably functionalized carbohydrate derivatives (as a per-O-benzylated amine, an aldehyde, a carboxylic acid, and an isocyanide) allow the effective assembly of diverse compound libraries. The complex glycoconjugates formed can be deprotected (see the picture for an example), and the resulting glycomimetics are of high interest for screening purposes.     

New entry to convertible isocyanides for the Ugi reaction and its application to the stereocontrolled formal total synthesis of the proteasome inhibitor omuralide

The development of a new convertible isocyanide, indole-isocyanide, for ready access to pyroglutamic acids culminated in the formal total synthesis of the proteasome inhibitor omuralide featuring a stereocontrolled Ugi reaction. Indole-isocyanide was named after the facilitation of hydrolysis of the resulting 2-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)anilide via an N-acylindole intermediate obtained by the Ugi multicomponent condensation reaction followed by the indole formation.     

2-nitrophenyl isocyanide as a versatile convertible isocyanide: rapid access to a fused gamma-lactam beta-lactone bicycle

2-Nitrophenyl isocyanide is introduced as a convertible isocyanide with demonstration of its feasibility and applicability in an efficient synthesis of the fused gamma-lactam beta-lactone bicycle of proteasome inhibitor omuralide. Starting from a linear keto acid precursor, the fused gamma-lactam beta-lactone bicycle was prepared in four steps by a sequential biscyclization strategy; a stereocontrolled Ugi reaction and the concomitant direct beta-lactonization following the formation of an N-acylbenzotriazole intermediate. The N-acylbenzotriazole is amenable to intra- or intermolecular attack from a variety of nucleophiles with a catalytic amount of base to form the pyroglutamic acid derivatives.