固相微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定水中的微囊藻毒素

采用CWX/DVB萃取头,应用固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用技术(SPME/HPLC)分析了水溶液中的痕量微囊藻毒素。对SPME的萃取条件进行了优化,并对实际水样进行了分析。该方法测定MC-LR(LR型微囊藻毒素)的线性范围为1.00~200μg/L,相关系数为0.999 5,检出限为0.45μg/L(3σ,n=11),相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.4%,回收率为90%~99%。该方法测定MC-RR(RR型微囊藻毒素)的线性范围为1.00~100μg/L,相关系数为0.998 8,检出限为0.15μg/L(3σ,n=11),RSD为2.4%,回收率为89%~100%。     

分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水样中痕量2-萘酚

建立了分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水样中2-萘酚的分析方法。对萃取剂、分散剂的种类和体积、萃取时间、离心时间、盐浓度等影响萃取效率的因素进行了优化。在优化后的萃取条件下(30μL氯苯作为萃取剂、0.8 mL乙腈作为分散剂、萃取时间为2 min、3000 rpm离心时间为5 min、不加盐)方法的线性范围为0.2~1000μg/L(r=0.9998),检出限为0.05μg/L(S/N=3)。2-萘酚质量浓度为100μg/L时,方法的萃取率为91.4%~105.4%,相对标准偏差为4.7%(n=11)。采用该方法对4种实际水样中的2-萘酚进行了测定,加标回收率在85.5%~104.4%之间,相对标准偏差在2.3%~12%之间(n=3)。本方法可用于环境水样中的痕量2-萘酚的检测。     

磁固相萃取与高效液相色谱-等离子体质谱联用检测癌症病人尿样中的卡铂药物

制备了甲基丙烯酸(MAA)改性Fe3O4纳米颗粒(Fe3O4@SiO2@MAA),建立了磁固相萃取(MSPE)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)-等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)检测癌症病人尿样中药物卡铂(CBP)的新方法。在最优条件下,该方法对CBP的检出限为29.9ng/L,相对标准偏差(RSD,cCBP=0.2μg/L)为9.5%,富集倍数为27.7,线性范围为0.1~100μg/L。不同批次合成的Fe3O4@SiO2@MAA萃取CBP的RSD为11.5%(n=5)。将该方法用于同一癌症病人在化疗过程中和化疗结束后两个尿样中CBP的分析,尿样中完整CBP的浓度分别为51.15μg/L和24.65μg/L,加标回收率为93.2%~103.7%。     

气相色谱法测定输血袋中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的迁移量

建立了气相色谱法测定输血袋中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)迁移量的方法。样品采用液液萃取前处理技术,通过正交试验对样品中DEP萃取条件进行系统优化,气相色谱内标法测定。在0.5~10μg/m L范围内,回归方程线性关系良好(r=0.9991),检出限为0.0023μg/m L,定量限为0.0076μg/m L,平均回收率为90.54%~98.01%,相对标准偏差为1.0%~2.9%。采用本法测得两批输血袋中DEP迁移量分别为0.0515μg/m L和0.0006μg/m L。     

化学计量学优化-分散液液微萃取-荧光分析法测定食品接触物中双酚A的迁移量

建立了分散液液微萃取-荧光分析法测定双酚A的方法,并对塑料水杯和塑料袋中双酚A的迁移量进行测定。经Plackett-Burman设计筛选影响因素后,利用中心复合表面设计确定了最佳萃取条件。利用全因子设计确定荧光测定条件为:0.2 mol/L HCl,4×10-4mol/Lβ-环糊精。在水、10%乙醇条件下,方法线性范围1～50μg/L(r=0.999),检出限为0.53μg/L;在3%乙酸条件下,线性范围为1～60μg/L(r=0.997),检出限为0.85μg/L。方法回收率为95.4%～111.2%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为13%～16%。所测样品在室温水中双酚A迁移量低于检出限,在沸水、3%乙酸及10%乙醇中均有不同程度迁移。     

超声辅助萃取-分散液液微萃取/气相色谱法测定环境水样中六氯苯、林丹及硫丹

建立了超声辅助萃取(UAE)-分散液液微萃取(DLLME)/气相色谱法测定环境水样中六氯苯、林丹和硫丹,并对影响萃取和富集效率的因素进行了优化。在最优条件下,六氯苯、林丹及α-硫丹的线性范围为1.0~1 000μg/L,检出限分别为0.47、0.39及0.63μg/L;β-硫丹线性范围为5.0~1 000μg/L,检出限为2.44μg/L;相对标准偏差(RSDs)为8.3%~11.7%(n=7)。用该方法对环境水样中的六氯苯、林丹及硫丹进行了分析,自来水、灌溉水、湖水样的平加标回收率分别为94.2%~100.4%、89.4%~99.4%和69.6%~96.3%。     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定水中多环芳烃

用分散液液微萃取-气相色谱/质谱法测定水样中的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)。通过实验确定最佳萃取条件为:20μL四氯化碳作萃取剂,1.0 mL乙腈作分散剂,超声萃取1 min。在优化条件下,多环芳烃的富集倍数达到216～511,方法在0.05～50μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)在0.9873～0.9983之间,检出限为0.0020～0.14μg/L。相对标准偏差(RSD)在3.82%～12.45%(n=6)之间。该方法成功用于实际水样中痕量多环芳烃的测定。     

固相萃取与超高效液相色谱-质谱联用测定生物样品中芬太尼类物质

建立了固相萃取与液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)联用分析血清和尿液中10种芬太尼类物质的方法。样品经C18固相萃取(SPE)柱富集分离后,甲醇洗脱,洗脱液采用LC-MS测定。结果表明,尿样基质中,10种芬太尼物质质量浓度在1～100μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R~2)大于0.99,检出限(LODs)和定量限(LOQs)范围分别为0.18～0.32μg/L和0.61～1.00μg/L。血清基质中,10种芬太尼含量在2～100μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,其R~2大于0.99,LODs为0.15～0.33μg/L,LOQs为0.50～1.00μg/L。尿样中芬太尼类物质萃取回收率为84.2%～107.7%,血清中萃取回收率为84.7%～99.7%。该方法适用于生物流体中芬太尼类物质的同步测定。     

分散液相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱快速分析水中的硝基苯类化合物

建立了分散液相微萃取.气相色谱,质谱快速分析水中硝基苯、对硝基苯、1,3一二硝基苯和2,4-二硝基氯苯的新方法.将含有18μL氯苯(萃取荆)的0.25 mL丙酮(分散剂)作为萃取体系,快速注入到5.0 mL水溶液中.在4000r/min下离心2.0 min后,得到(10.0±0.5)μL沉积相(氯苯),取底部沉积相1.0μL进行气相色谱,质谱分析.方法线性范围0.5～50μg/L(r2=0.9986～0.9994),检出限0.2～0.5μg/L,相对标准偏差4.2%～7.3%(n=5).将该方法用于环境水样的测定,加标回收率72.9%～89.6%.     

涡旋辅助分散液液微萃取-悬浮固化/高效液相色谱法测定水样中7种萘二酚

建立了水样中7种萘二酚的涡旋辅助分散液液微萃取-悬浮固化/高效液相色谱(VA-DLLMESFO/HPLC)测定方法。以乙醚-十二醇为二元微萃取剂,通过涡旋分散方式协同萃取水样中的目标化合物,采用C18色谱柱分离,HPLC测定。优化了萃取剂及用量、萃取时间、氯化钠用量等条件。最佳萃取条件为:萃取剂为100μL乙醚和50μL十二醇,氯化钠用量为0.2 g/m L,涡旋萃取3 min。在优化条件下,7种萘二酚在一定质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.997,方法检出限(S/N=3)为1.7~6.0μg/L;3个加标水平下的平均回收率为82.1%~106.0%,日内相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为1.2%~4.1%;中间添加水平的日间RSD(n=5)为2.5%~5.7%。该方法前处理简单,涡旋分散大大提高了物质传质速率,增大了萃取效率,缩短了萃取时间,是一种适用于水样中萘二酚类物质富集检测的绿色方法。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.