基于FRET效应的碳量子点/银纳米粒子荧光探针测定西咪替丁的研究

以天然水果杨桃为唯一原料,由水热法直接合成了荧光强度高、发光性能良好的杨桃碳量子点(CB-CQDs),用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(FTIR)、透射电镜(TEM)、荧光光谱(FL)分别表征了CB-CQDs形貌和光学特性。研究发现,在pH 6.0的伯瑞坦-罗宾森(BR)缓冲溶液中,向CB-CQDs溶液中加入银纳米粒子(AgNPs)后,AgNPs与CB-CQDs之间产生荧光共振能量转移(FRET)效应(CB-CQDs和AgNPs分别为荧光供体与受体),使CB-CQDs荧光猝灭,荧光信号"关闭";于该体系中加入西咪替丁(Cimetidine,CMT)后可使猝灭的荧光强度部分恢复,荧光信号重新"打开",据此可实现CMT的定量测定。基于以上原理提出了以CB-CQDs/AgNPs为荧光探针测定CMT的荧光分析新方法,并对反应机理进行了讨论。在优化条件下,CMT浓度在9.0×10^-8～1.0×10^-6 mol/L范围内与CB-CQDs在λ_ex/λ_em=319 nm/397 nm处的荧光恢复值(ΔI<...     

硅烷功能化碳点荧光探针检测槲皮素

以柠檬酸为碳源,硅烷偶联剂为表面包覆剂,一步水热法合成了高效发光硅烷功能化碳点。所得碳点在360 nm激发后在450 nm处有强荧光发射峰,荧光量子产率最高可达69.2%。基于槲皮素对该碳点荧光的猝灭作用,建立了一种以硅烷碳点为荧光探针的简便、灵敏检测槲皮素的分析方法。考察了作用时间、pH值、碳点用量对槲皮素检测的影响,并探讨了荧光猝灭机制。在优化实验条件下,该方法对槲皮素的检测线性范围为1.0～40.0μmol/L,相关系数(r)为0.996 7,检出限为3.8 nmol/L。该方法应用于实际样品中槲皮素的测定,结果满意。     

碳点-二氧化锰纳米复合材料的制备及硫普罗宁的荧光传感

以聚烯丙胺盐酸盐为反应底物,通过一步水热法制备了荧光碳点(CDs)并在其中引入高锰酸钾,通过原位的氧化还原反应制备了CDs-MnO2纳米复合材料.通过透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、纳米粒度分析、紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、荧光寿命对其进行了形貌、结构、成分、发光性能的表征.结果 表明,MnO2通过静态猝灭效应(S...     

氮氟共掺杂荧光碳点的制备及其在核黄素检测中的应用

以柠檬酸、L-赖氨酸和氟化钠为原料,利用水热法制备了具有明亮蓝色荧光的氮氟共掺杂碳点(NFCDs),通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱对合成的NFCDs进行表征,并基于核黄素与NFCDs之间的荧光共振能量转移构建了NFCDs荧光探针用于核黄素的检测。在优化实验条件下,该方法对核黄素的线性范围为3.0～66.5μmol/L,检出限为0.26μmol/L,将其用于牛奶和奶粉中核黄素的测定,回收率为96.7%～103%。经MTT法测定NFCDs对HeLa细胞为低毒性,并成功用于细胞中核黄素的检测。     

氮掺杂碳点荧光增强型探针检测对硫磷

以石榴籽作为碳源,天冬氨酸和色氨酸作为钝化剂,结合水热法制备了氮掺杂碳点(N-CDs)。通过透射电镜、 X射线光电子能谱和红外光谱对N-CDs进行了表征。所制备的氮掺杂N-CDs具有良好的抗光漂白性,对常见金属离子具有优异的化学惰性。有机磷农药对硫磷能够和N-CDs发生强烈的相互作用,该相互作用显著增强了N-CDs的发光强度。以N-CDs作为荧光增强型探针测定对硫磷,方法的线性范围为0.01～1.1μmol/L,检出限低至3.7 nmol/L。同时探讨了对硫磷增强N-CDs发光强度的机理。所建立的方法用于环境水样中对硫磷的检测,结果的相对标准偏差小于3.2%,回收率在98.0%～102.7%之间。     

氮掺杂碳点作为荧光探针检测蛇床子素

本文以一水柠檬酸和尿素为原料,通过微波法合成氮掺杂碳点(N-CDs)。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X-射线衍射法(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和荧光光谱对合成的N-CDs进行表征。N-CDs的荧光强度随着蛇床子素浓度的增加而逐渐被猝灭。在最佳实验条件下,N-CDs荧光探针对蛇床子素有较高的选择性和灵敏性。蛇床子素在5×10~(-6 )M～7.5×10~(-5 )M的浓度范围内与N-CDs的荧光强度呈良好的线性范围,检出限为3.8×10~(-9) M。基于此建立了一种以氮掺杂碳点(N-CDs)为荧光探针快速测定蛇床子素的方法。同时讨论了蛇床子素与N-CDs相互作用的机理,此方法已被应用于实际血样和尿样中微量蛇床子素的测定。     

基于聚乙烯亚胺碳纳米点的桑色素比率型荧光探针

利用水热合成法制备了一种基于聚乙烯亚胺的荧光碳纳米点,用光谱方法研究了其对桑色素的识别作用.结果表明,该碳纳米点对桑色素具有比率型荧光响应,且响应速度快、选择性和灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强.将桑色素加入到碳纳米点溶液中后,碳纳米点自身的荧光(460 nm)立即被猝灭,同时在555 nm处出现新的荧光发射峰并逐渐增强;其新发射峰(555 nm)与原发射峰(460 nm)的强度比值在此过程中呈线性增加.基于此,在1.0×10^-6～4.0×10^-5mol/L浓度范围内,可实现对桑色素的检测,该比率荧光响应非常灵敏,检出限可达3.0×10^-8mol/L.另外,该碳纳米点与常见金属离子、氨基酸及其它具有类似桑色素结构的黄酮醇均不反应,显示出对桑色素的高选择性.该检测方法的荧光强度随桑色素浓度的增加而逐渐增强,并伴随着由蓝色到黄色的荧光颜色变化,可实现对桑色素的可视化检测;同时该碳纳米点还可用于稀释胎牛血清中桑色素的定量检测.     

黄色荧光碳点用于盐酸金霉素的检测

以邻苯二胺和L-酪氨酸为原料,通过一步溶剂水热法合成了发黄色光的碳点（Y-CDs）,该碳点具有良好的水溶性和稳定的光学性质,可以作为荧光探针用于盐酸金霉素（CTC）的分析检测。基于内滤效应和静态猝灭的协同作用,CTC可以有效猝灭Y-CDs的荧光。因此,建立了一种灵敏度高、选择性好的盐酸金霉素检测方法,检测线性范围为2.5～145μmol/L,检出限为1.43μmol/L。运用加标回收的方法实现了对牛奶和自来水中盐酸金霉素的分析检测,表现出良好的回收率（97.49%～106.90%）。     

MnO2/Graphene Nanocomposites for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

MnO₂/graphene nanocomposites with different morphologies were synthesized and the petal‐shaped nanosheet MnO₂/graphene composite was developed as an electrode material for nonenzymatic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) sensor. The morphology, structure, composition, and hydrophilicity of the resulting products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the contact angle tests. In addition, the fabricated MnO₂/graphene composites could be used as catalysts for the electrochemical oxidation of H₂O₂. Cyclic voltammogram (CV) experiments indicated that MnO₂/graphene‐modified electrode showed good electrocatalytic activity towards both the oxidation and reduction of H₂O₂ in a neutral environment. Amperometric response results illustrated that this nonenzymatic sensor had excellent anti‐interference ability and displayed two linear ranges from 10 to 90 µM and from 0.2 to 0.9 mM with a detection limit of 2 µM.     

Synthesis of MnO2/MWNTs Nanocomposites Using a Sonochemical Method and Application for Hydrazine Detection

A sonochemical method has been successfully used to synthesize MnO₂/MWNTs nanocomposites. The structure and nature of the resulting MnO₂/MWNTs composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDX), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The results show that the sonochemically synthesized MnO₂ nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed on the modified MWNT surfaces. The performance of the MnO₂/MWNTs nanocomposites modified electrode was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Nyquist plots. The electrode exhibits efficient electron transfer ability and high electrochemical response towards hydrazine. This may be attributed to the small particle size, high dispersion of MnO₂ particles. The fabricated hydrazine sensor showed a wide linear range of 5.0×10^?7–1.0×10^?3 M with a response time less than 5 s and a detection limit of 0.2 μM. Taking the advantage of the unique properties of both MWNTs and MnO₂, it would greatly broaden the applications of MWNTs and MnO₂.     

Dual-modal Colorimetric and Fluorometric Method for Glucose Detection Using MnO2 Sheets and Carbon Quantum Dots

A novel dual-modal fluorometric and colorimetric method was developed for glucose detection using MnO2 sheets and carbon quantum dots(CQDs). The glucose could be oxidized by glucose oxidase, in accompanied witli the fbnnation of H2O2 intennediate, which resulted in the decomposition of MnO2 sheets, as well as tlie MnO2 sheets(brown) changed to Mn^2+ ions(colorless), which induced the absorption of MnO2 sheet decreased and the fluorescence of CQDs increased, consequently. The linear detection ranges of glucose are 5-1000 μmol/L by fluorescent method and 5-60 μmol/L by colorimetric method. The limits of detection of these two measurements are 2.11 and 2.18 μmol/L, respectively. This method is easy to conduct, has reasonable sensitive and selectivity, and could be applied for the glucose detection in real human senim.     

聚吡咯@二氧化锰/碳纳米管薄膜电极的制备及在高性能锌离子电池中的应用

中性/弱酸性水系锌锰电池因其能量密度高、价格低廉、环境友好等优势受到广泛关注。然而,现有的二氧化锰正极材料存在导电性能差,在充放电过程中易于溶解等问题。这严重影响了电池的倍率性能和循环稳定性,阻碍了中性锌锰电池的应用。为了解决上述问题,本文设计了以碳纳米管(CNT)网络薄膜为导电基底沉积聚吡咯(PPy)包覆二氧化锰(PPy@MnO₂/CNT)的多级结构电极。碳纳米管和聚吡咯组装形成高比表面积的三维交联导电网络,为活性材料提供了快速的电子、离子传输通道;聚吡咯包覆纳米级二氧化锰能够有效地抑制二氧化锰的溶解,进而提升电池的倍率特性和循环稳定性。以PPy@MnO₂/CNT作为正极材料组装的水系锌锰电池在1 A·g^-1的电流密度下,比容量达到210 mAh·g^-1,循环1000圈后,电池依然具有较高的容量保持率(85.7%)。本工作的导电聚合物包覆活性物质的策略可为发展高稳定柔性储能器件提供新思路。     

Carbon Nanotube Fibers Decorated with MnO2 for Wire-Shaped Supercapacitor

Fibers made from CNTs (CNT fibers) have the potential to form high-strength, lightweight materials with superior electrical conductivity. CNT fibers have attracted great attention in relation to various applications, in particular as conductive electrodes in energy applications, such as capacitors, lithium-ion batteries, and solar cells. Among these, wire-shaped supercapacitors demonstrate various advantages for use in lightweight and wearable electronics. However, making electrodes with uniform structures and desirable electrochemical performances still remains a challenge. In this study, dry-spun CNT fibers from CNT carpets were homogeneously loaded with MnO₂ nanoflakes through the treatment of KMnO₄. These functionalized fibers were systematically characterized in terms of their morphology, surface and mechanical properties, and electrochemical performance. The resulting MnO₂–CNT fiber electrode showed high specific capacitance (231.3 F/g) in a Na₂SO₄ electrolyte, 23 times higher than the specific capacitance of the bare CNT fibers. The symmetric wire-shaped supercapacitor composed of CNT–MnO₂ fiber electrodes and a PVA/H₃PO₄ electrolyte possesses an energy density of 86 nWh/cm and good cycling performance. Combined with its light weight and high flexibility, this CNT-based wire-shaped supercapacitor shows promise for applications in flexible and wearable energy storage devices.     

纳米荧光探针用于核酸分子的检测及成像研究

核酸,包括脱氧核糖核酸和核糖核酸,在生物的生长、发育、突变、炎症、癌症等正常或异常的生命活动中发挥着重要的作用,它们的异常表达与多种疾病的发生、发展也密切相关.因此,发展准确、有效的方法实现核酸分子的检测,对深入探究核酸的功能调控以及相关疾病的早期检测与治疗都具有重要的意义.荧光检测法与荧光成像技术具有灵敏度高、时空分辨率高等优点,为实时、准确的检测核酸分子提供了有力的工具.本文着重综述了近年来发展的纳米荧光探针用于疾病相关核酸分子的检测与细胞和活体成像工作的研究进展,最后提出了进一步构建新型纳米荧光探针用于核酸检测面临的挑战、未来发展方向与展望.     

Aptamer-Based Fluorescence Nanoprobe for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Potassium

A new aptamer-based fluorescence nanoprobe for potassium ion (K⁺) has been developed. The nanoprobe employs gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as the sensing platform and Rhodamine B as the fluorescence indicator. Aptamer acts as the switch of fluorescence signal of Rhodamine B. In the presence of K⁺, aptamer departs from AuNPs as a result of the formation of G-quartets with K⁺, leading to the decrease of fluorescence signals. Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for K⁺ is as low as 3.8 nM. The proposed method was successfully applied in the determination of K⁺ in human saliva sample.     

基于大黄酸碳点荧光探针检测烟叶含水量的研究

以Mg2+和大黄酸作为前驱材料制备大黄酸碳点,基于水对大黄酸碳点荧光信号的猝灭作用,借助智能手机RGB信号采集技术,建立了简单快速测定烟叶加工过程中水含量的分析方法。荧光猝灭机制表明：质子溶剂水与非质子溶剂二甲基亚砜（DMSO）间的相互作用,可显著猝灭碳点的荧光信号。在30～1 000 mg范围内,水含量与荧光猝灭效果具有良好的线性关系,检出限达5 mg。利用智能手机采集信号,通过软件读取RGB值,结果表明在线性范围内水含量与R值有良好的线性关系（r2 = 0.990 2）。该方法可实现烟叶加工过程中水含量的现场快速测定,结果满足实际需求。方法具有简便、稳定、准确等特点,为水含量测试技术和相关探针设计提供了新的思路。     

基于海藻酸钠－银纳米粒比率型探针的尿酸比色法检测研究

该文以硼氢化钠为还原剂、海藻酸钠（SA）为稳定剂,通过一步法制备了海藻酸钠－银纳米粒功能探针（SA－AgNPs）。采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、动态光散射（DLS）、红外光谱（FT－IR）、X-射线能量散射谱（EDS）、紫外－可见吸收光谱（UV－Vis）对制备的SA－AgNPs的形貌和光学特性进行表征。结果显示,SA可以增强AgNPs的分散性和稳定性,提高其400 nm波长处的表面等离子体共振吸收。当尿酸（UA）存在时,UA与SA分子发生配体交换导致AgNPs聚集,并在530 nm处产生吸收峰,同时溶液颜色由亮黄色变为酒红色。基于此构建了一种比率型的UA比色法检测体系,并实现了UA的可视化分析。优化条件下,在1.67 × 10-5 ~ 1.67 × 10-3 mol/L浓度范围内,检测体系的吸光度比值（A530 nm/A400 nm）与UA浓度的对数呈良好的线性关系（r = 0.992）,检出限（LOD）为14.9 μmol/L。尿液中常见的无机离子及其他生物小分子如葡萄糖、抗坏血酸、尿素、肌酐等不干扰尿酸测定。尿样的加标回收率为92.7% ~ 109%,相对标准偏差小于1.0%。该比色探针环保、制备简单、特异性强、稳定性好,有望为尿酸临床相关疾病（如高尿酸血症、痛风、肾病、心血管疾病等）的生化诊断提供一种新的检测方法。     

Mixed Binder Carbon Paste Electrode for Quantitation of Isoniazid in Serum

This paper covers the construction and behaviour of a mixed binder carbon paste electrode system appropriate for the cathodic stripping voltammetric quantitation of iso-niazid. The mixed binder consisted of glycerol and liquid paraffin. At the mixed binder carbon paste electrodes in a pH 3.0 buffer solution, isoniazid showed two sensitive cathodic stripping voltammetric wave at-0. 75 V (p1) and-0. 88 V (p2) , respectively. The p2 can be used for the determination of trace amounts of isoniazid, the linear range of the peak current to the isoniazid concentration being from 5. 0×10-7 to 5.0×10-5 mol/L, and the limit of detection being 1. 0×10-7 mol/L with a relative standard deviation of 6. 0%(n=10). The proposed method was directly used to determine the drug in blood serum without the pretreatment of blood serum.