Stark broadening of In III, Tb III, and Pb IV spectral lines

Using a semiclassical approach, the authors consider the widths and shifts of spectral lines for twenty In III and two Tl III multiplets initialed by collisions with electrons, protons, and ions of helium at a density of the perturbing particles of 10¹⁷ cm⁻³ and temperatures from 20,000 to 500,000 K. For two Pb IV multiplets, the widths and shifts of spectral lines produced by collisions with electrons, protons, and ions of He III at a density of the perturbing particles of 10¹⁷ cm⁻³ and temperatures from 50,000 to 1,000,000 K are considered similarly. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 753–757, November–December, 1999.     

Stark Broadening of Ne II and Ne III Spectral Lines

Using a semiclassical approach, the widths and shifts of the spectral lines of three Ne II and six Ne III multiplets caused by collisions with electrons, protons, and helium ions at a density of perturbing particles of 10¹⁷ cm^–3 and different temperatures have been calculated. The results obtained have been compared with the known experimental and theoretical data.     

Stark broadening of ar VIII spectral lines

Using the semiclassical perturbation method, we consider, for nine Ar VIII transitions, widths and shifts of spectral lines that are due to collisions with electrons, protons, and ions of He III ut a perturbing particle density of 10¹⁸ cm⁻³ and temperatures between 200,000 and 3,000,000 K. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 67, No. 3, pp. 286–288, May–June, 2000.     

Stark broadening of Y III spectral lines

Using a semiclassical approach, we have considered electron-, proton-, and ionized helium-impact line width and shifts for 32 Y III multiplets. Published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 476–481, July–August, 1998.     

Stark broadening of S(III) and S(IV) lines

Measurements of the Stark widths of doubly and triply ionized sulfur lines were made in a low pressure, pulsed arc plasma of electron density 5.1 × 10¹⁶ cm^-3 at an electron temperature of 28, 500°K. The experimental S(III) and S(IV) Stark-profile halfwidths were compared with calculated values obtained with Griem's semiempirical and approximate semiclassical approach. The experimental results agree better with the semiclassical results.     

New fluorimetric reagents, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium trimetaphosphate, and sodium tetrametaphosphate, for the determination of cerium(III)

Three sensitive and selective new alternatives for fluorometric determination of cerium(III) are described in this study. Ce(III) is highly fluorescent in sodium pyrophosphate, sodium trimetaphosphate, and sodium tetrametaphosphate solutions. For these reagents, the maximum excitation/emission wavelengths are 300/350, 297/340, and 299/352 nm, respectively. Maximum fluorescence intensities are obtained by irradiating Ce(III) dissolved in 0.033 g L⁻¹ sodium pyrophosphate, 41.4 g L⁻¹ sodium trimetaphosphate, and 0.96 g L⁻¹ sodium tetrametaphosphate at room temperature. The fluorescence intensities are linear over the range 0.001–30, 0.001–75, and 0.001–70 μg ml⁻¹. The detection limits are calculated as 9.5 × 10⁻³, 1.1/10⁻³, and 3.8 × 10^-3 μg ml⁻¹ Ce(III), respectively. The relative standard deviations for 15/0.05 Μg ml⁻¹ Ce(III) are 1.1/1.2, 1/1.1, and 1.2/1.3%, respectively. Quenching effects of other lanthanides and some inorganic anions were investigated. The methods have been applied to rare earth mixtures with a good accuracy.     

First decay scheme of 113Tc and identification of 113Ru m

Very neutron–rich fission products of the mass chain A=113 obtained from the IGISOL on–line mass separator have been investigated by γγ coincidence techniques and γ-spectra multiscaling. Gamma–rays following β–decay of ¹¹³Tc have been observed for the first time and a new 0.5 s isomeric state has been found in ¹¹³Ru. Received: 10 February 1998     

Investigation of nuclear-spin couplings in the lithium fluorides as possible candidates for crystal nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computing devices

We have performed ⁷Li and ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in two lithium fluorides BaLiF₃ and YLiF₄ to explore the possibility of a crystal NMR quantum computing device. We find that (1) both the absolute values and the angular dependences of the line widths can primarily be accounted for by the nuclear dipolar fields, and (2) the spin–lattice relaxation times are long enough for quantum computations. These characteristics indicate that these crystals can be possible candidates for quantum computing devices. We also find that, in the perovskite structures like BaLiF₃, magic angles are quite effective to diminish the nuclear dipole fields, which enables us to treat some nuclei as ‘isolated’. We propose using this feature to create low-dimensional nuclear-spin networks in the crystals. Received: 29 January 2001 / Accepted: 6 February 2001 / Published online: 3 April 2001     

Thermally stimulated currents in semi-insulating GaAs Schottky diodes and their simulation

We report the investigation of the non-irradiated and irradiated-with-pions Schottky diodes made on semi-insulating GaAs. Thermally stimulated currents have been measured experimentally and modeled numerically. To reveal the influence of the single levels, we used the thermal emptying of the traps by fractional heating. Attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the distribution of the parameters of different samples produced and processed by the same technique, contrary to the usual approach of the analysis of a few different samples. The following main conclusions are drawn. First of all, many different levels (from 8 to 12) have been found in the temperature range from 90 K to 300 K in all samples. Their activation energies range from 0.07 up to 0.55 eV, their capture cross-sections are 10^-22–10^-14 cm², and initial occupation is 2×10¹¹–5×10¹⁴ cm^-3. The irradiation with pions does not influence the density of most levels significantly. On the other hand, levels with activation energies of about 0.07–0.11 eV, 0.33–0.36 eV, 0.4–0.42 eV, and 0.48–0.55 eV have been found only in the irradiated samples. Irradiation also increases the inhomogeneity of the crystals, which causes the scattering of the activation energies obtained by fractional heating technique. Received: 13 November 1998 / Accepted: 16 April 1999 / Published online: 4 August 1999     

Concentration self-quenching in solid solutions of complex organic molecules under intense excitation

A theoretical study was carried out to investigate concentration self-quenching which is nonlinear in intensity in a molecular system caused by nonradiative electronic excitation energy transfer to relatively long-lived acceptors that are formed in a solution and whose function is performed by molecules that have acquired the triplet state. It is shown that at ratios of constants of radiative and nonradiative transitions typical of complex molecules at concentrations of ∼10⁻³–10⁻² mole/liter substantial (2- to 10-fold) fluorescence takes place at intensities of excitation of ∼10⁴–10³ of the intensity of saturation for a singlet subsystem. Polarization characteristics of the system are analyzed. Belarusian State University, 4, F. Skorina Ave., 220050, Minsk, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 729–733, November–December, 1997.     

在等离子体中镁离子谱线MgⅡλ4481?的宽度和位移

本工作测量了MgIIλ4481?(3²D—4²F)在电子数密度为7×10¹⁶—3.1×10¹⁷电子数/cm³范围内的谱线轮廓和位移。采用振荡型电容放电作为光谱光源。在光源中引入水汽,由测量H_β谱线宽度来定电子数密度。观测结果指出,H_β的实验轮廓和Griem-Kolb-Shen的计算结果符合颇好。实验发现MgIIλ4481?谱线向紫方位移,并正比于微观电场的平方;由此定出一个经验上的二级斯塔克效应常数C₄=5.0×10^-14cm⁴/sec。该谱线的轮廓宽度和标准微观电场之间也有平方正比的关系。发现在本实验条件范围内,宽度和位移的比值γ/△保持为常数,其值为γ/△=10.4±0.6。由于谱项4²D的二级斯塔克效应的干扰而产生上能级4²F位移的理论计算虽能说明谱线位移和微观电场间的平方正比关系,但数值偏小于实验结果,指出还有电子贡献的部分。把光谱线的宽度和Lindholm理论公式及Griem等的近似公式作了比较;简单的估计指出,实验结果和后者符合较好。     

121Sb and 123Sb NQR and the heterophase structure in the SbSI ferroelectric

The temperature dependences of NQR line frequencies and widths of ¹²¹Sb (for the ±1/2→±3/2 transition) and of ¹²³Sb (for the ±1/2→±3/2 and ±3/2→±5/2 transitions), as well as of the principal components and the asymmetry parameter of the electric-field-gradient tensor at the ¹²³Sb nucleus have been studied in a SbSI crystal in the 115–325 K range. The dynamic and static factors governing the character of these relations are discussed. The ±1/2→±3/2 line in the ¹²¹Sb NQR spectrum splits into a doublet within a narrow (0.5 K) temperature interval near the ferroelectric phase transition (T _c=293 K), which is associated with the formation of a macroscopic heterophase structure in the crystal. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 41, 1286–1292 (July 1999)     

Microwave microplasma sources based on microstrip-like transmission lines

In this paper, we study two microwave sources based on a planar transmission line configuration, corresponding to linear resonators. In both sources, micro-plasmas are produced within the 50–200 m\mu m gap created between two metal electrodes placed at the open end of a microstrip-like transmission line. The study of the sources follows a complementary approach that uses simulation and experiment. Simulations analyze the electromagnetic behavior of the sources, using the commercial tool CST Microwave Studio^?, and characterize the plasmas produced, using a fluid-type code to describe the dynamics of charged particles. Experimentally, the return loss of the sources (hence their quality factors) is measured without and with plasma. Plasma diagnostics (in air and in argon), based on optical emission spectroscopy measurements, enable to obtain the typical plasma temperatures and the electron density (using Stark broadening measurements of the H_b_{\beta} line-emission profile). Results reveal that the sources have similar quality factors (~15–20), yielding high-density (~10¹⁴ cm^-3)^{-3}), low-power (~10–50 W), non-equilibrium micro-plasmas (with rotational temperatures of ~950–1400 K in air and ~550–630 K in argon, vibrational temperatures of ~5200–5800 K in air and excitation temperatures of ~5800 K in argon), over volumes of ~10^-4–10^-3 cm³.     

Precipitation of gold nanoparticles on the quartz surface modified by titanium (IV) butoxide

Gold nanoparticles have been precipitated on the surface of quartz slides covered with titanium (IV) butoxide. UV irradiation of modified quartz slides immersed into water solutions of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate of different concentrations (2.5 × 10⁻⁴–1.0 × 10⁻² M) has been used for this purpose. Properties of produced samples have been investigated by UV–Vis spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, TGA, and AFM. According to the obtained data, produced gold particles are distributed on modified quartz surface very uniformly and the average size of gold particles is about 30–50 nm.     

Collisional broadening and line intensities in the ν2 and ν4 bands of PH3

Using a tunable diode-laser spectrometer self-broadening coefficients and absolute intensities have been measured for 26 lines of PH₃ at 298 K in the QR branch of the ν₂ band and the PP and RP branches of the ν₄ band. The recorded lines with J values ranging from 2 to 14 and K from 0 to 11 are located in the spectral range 995-1093 cm⁻¹. Self-broadening coefficients have also been measured at 173.4 K for nine of these lines. The collisional widths and line strengths are obtained by fitting each spectral line with different theoretical profiles. The results obtained for the line intensities are in good agreement with recent measurements [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 215 (2002) 178]. The self-broadening coefficients are also calculated on the basis of a simple semiclassical model involving only the electrostatic interactions. A satisfactory agreement is obtained except for high J values or K values equal to J, for which the calculated results are notably underestimated. By comparing broadening coefficients at room and low temperatures, the temperature dependence of these broadenings has been determined both experimentally and theoretically.     

Radial excitations of low–lying baryons and the Z + penta–quark

Abstact: Within an extended Skyrme soliton model for baryons the interplay between the collective radial motion and the SU(3)–flavor–rotations is investigated. The coupling between these modes is mediated by flavor symmetry breaking. Collective coordinates which describe the corresponding large amplitude fluctuations are introduced and treated canonically. When diagonalizing the resulting Hamiltonian flavor symmetry breaking is fully taken into consideration. As eigenstates not only the low–lying (1/2)⁺ and (3/2)⁺ baryons but also their radial excitations are obtained and compared to the empirical data. In particular the relevance of radial excitations for the penta–quark baryon Z ⁺ (Y=2, I=0, J ^π=(1/2)⁺) is discussed. In this approach its mass is predicted to be 1.58 GeV. Furthermore the widths for various hadronic decays are estimated which, for example, yields Γ(Z ⁺→NK) ∼ 100 MeV for the only permissible decay process of the Z ⁺. Received: 20 April 1998 / Revised version: 29 May 1998     

Shifting and line mixing parameters in the ν4 band of NH3 perturbed by CO2 and He: Experimental results and theoretical calculations

The pressure-induced shifting coefficients and line mixing parameters have been studied in the ν₄ band of NH₃ perturbed by CO₂ and He at room temperature. Measurements have been made using a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. The measurements cover the ^PP and ^RP branches of the ν₄ band and are located in the spectral range 1470-1600 cm⁻¹. The line shift and line mixing parameters have been derived from a non-linear least-squares multi-pressure fitting technique. The shift coefficients are compared to a semiclassical calculation based on the Robert-Bonamy formalism employing two types of intermolecular interactions. It is shown that the line shifts mainly originate from the vibrational dephasing effects. The observed interference parameters are compared with calculations based on state-to-state collisional cross sections calculated from the intermolecular potential with a semiclassical approach. The results of computation are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. It is demonstrated also that the line mixing process mainly originates from the energy transfer between symmetric and antisymmetric components of the inversion doublets.     

Europium-sensitized Chemiluminescence of System Tetracycline–H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>–Fe(II)/(III) and Its Application to the Determination of Tetracycline

Chemiluminescence (CL) of the reaction system tetracycline–H₂O₂–Fe(II)/(III)–Eu(III) was used for the determination of tetracycline hydrochloride in water, pharmaceutical preparations, and honey. The CL spectrum registered for this system shows emission bands typical of Eu(III) ions, with a maximum at λ ∼ 600 nm, corresponding to the electronic transitions of ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ and ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂. A strong chemiluminescence intensity characteristic of europium(III) ions in the system tetracycline–H₂O₂–Fe(II)/(III)–Eu(III), as contrasted to the emission of the system tetracycline–H₂O₂–Fe(II)/(III) without Eu(III), proves that the Eu(III) ion plays the role of a chemiluminescence sensitizer, accompanying tetracycline oxidation in the Fenton system (H₂O₂–Fe(II)/(III)). A linear dependence was observed for the integrated CL light intensity on the tetracycline concentration in the range of 2 × 10⁻⁷ to 3 × 10⁻⁵ mol l⁻¹ with the detection limit of 5 × 10⁻⁸ mol l⁻¹ in aqueous solution.     

Renormalization group functions of the φ<Superscript>4</Superscript> theory from high-temperature expansions

It has been previously shown that calculation of the renormalization group (RG) functions of scalar ϕ⁴ theory reduces to analysis of thermodynamic properties of the Ising model. Using high-temperature expansions for the latter, RG functions of the four-dimensional theory can be calculated for arbitrary coupling constant g with an accuracy of 10⁻⁴ for the Gell-Mann-Low function β(g) and with an accuracy of 10⁻³–10⁻² for anomalous dimensions. The expansions of the renormalization group functions up to the 13th order in g ^−1/2 have been obtained.     

Analysis and optimization of propagation losses in LiNbO3 optical waveguides produced by swift heavy-ion irradiation

The propagation losses (PL) of lithium niobate optical planar waveguides fabricated by swift heavy-ion irradiation (SHI), an alternative to conventional ion implantation, have been investigated and optimized. For waveguide fabrication, congruently melting LiNbO₃ substrates were irradiated with F ions at 20 MeV or 30 MeV and fluences in the range 10¹³–10¹⁴ cm⁻². The influence of the temperature and time of post-irradiation annealing treatments has been systematically studied. Optimum propagation losses lower than 0.5 dB/cm have been obtained for both TE and TM modes, after a two-stage annealing treatment at 350 and 375^∘C. Possible loss mechanisms are discussed.