傅里叶变换-红外光谱法快速测定面粉中滑石粉

提出了应用衰减全反射(ATR)傅里叶变换-红外光谱(FT-IRS)法快速检测面粉中混入的滑石粉,测定中采用中红外检测器。根据滑石粉的标准红外光谱图并为避免面粉的吸收干扰,选择滑石粉在3 674.96 cm-1及668.16 cm-1两处的特征吸收峰作为判定面粉中是否含有滑石粉的依据,并且其吸收强度随滑石粉含量的增加而增加。由于面粉中滑石粉质量分数低于0.5%和0.2%时,分别在上述两吸收峰波长处已不呈现吸收,方法中将1%(质量分数)作为滑石粉的检出限。此外,根据吸收峰的吸收强度可估算出滑石粉的含量。方法中选用的主要仪器工作条件为:①扫描范围为4 000～650 cm-1;②分辨率为8 cm-1;③扫描信号累加次数为32;④衰减全反射压力常数为100。     

傅里叶变换中红外光谱法检测脑胶质瘤

采用傅里叶变换衰减全反射中红外光谱法检测了19例液氮冻存的脑胶质瘤离体组织样品(星形细胞瘤10例, 少枝-星形细胞瘤9例), 对得到的红外光谱进行分析发现, 恶性程度不同的星形细胞瘤组织的红外光谱存在差异, 并且不同类型的脑胶质瘤组织的红外光谱也表现出较为明显的区别, 因此可以根据各个特征吸收峰的峰位、 峰形及谱峰强度等信息来区分脑胶质瘤, 并初步鉴别脑胶质瘤的性质. 研究结果表明, 通过某些特征吸收峰峰位的变化来鉴别星形细胞瘤和少枝-星形细胞瘤与病理诊断结果的符合率约为80%, 说明傅里叶变换衰减全反射中红外光谱法有望发展成为一种对样品无损伤、 快速的脑肿瘤诊断新方法.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法分析乳制品的成分

利用甲醇沉淀进口奶粉、国产奶粉和奶茶粉水溶液中的蛋白质,所得上清液用二氯甲烷萃取,再经傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)分析沉淀物和各相中物质的成分.试验结果表明:3种样品沉淀物中均含有蛋白质和脂肪酸甘油三酯,在萃取时均有乳糖析出.三者上层(水+甲醇)均含有糊精;而下层(二氯甲烷-甲醇)进口奶粉中含有磷脂酰胆碱,国产奶粉中含有磷脂酰胆碱和长碳链伯酰胺,奶茶粉中含有咖啡因.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法结合聚类分析对大叶藓及其易混种类的鉴别

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法结合聚类分析对大叶藓及其易混种类(平肋提灯藓、树形疣灯藓、皱叶匐灯藓、尖叶匐灯藓)进行了鉴别。以红外光谱图4 000~500cm-1范围内的吸收峰吸光度为指标,应用组间连接法对5种藓类植物进行聚类分析,结果表明:大叶藓与提灯藓科易混类群距离较远。     

衰减全反射-傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定橙子油中柠檬烯的含量

应用衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定橙子油中柠檬烯的含量。柠檬烯的特征峰(1 645.1±1)cm-1为定量测量峰,测定样品在15min内完成。柠檬烯的体积分数在9.60%~76.8%范围内与测量峰峰高呈线性关系。以橙子油样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在99.7%~101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)为1.1%。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法鉴别黑色签字笔油墨种类

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱法对不同产地、不同牌号及同一牌号不同型号的122种黑色签字笔字迹进行了种类鉴别.以乙腈一水以体积比60比40作为提取剂,分别对122种黑色签字笔字迹进行了提取,根据提取效果的不同,分为可溶(63种)和不可溶(59种)两大类.然后对黑色签字笔字迹进行了傅里叶变换红外光谱测定,根据红外光谱图中特征峰数目的不同,吸收峰的峰位及峰面积比或峰高比的异同进一步进行区分,从而达到对黑色签字笔字迹油墨进行种类鉴别.对红外光谱测定的有关因素如:与溴化钾混合及压片的试样制备,写有字迹纸张的质量,以及不同波长及时间的紫外光照等也作了试验.     

漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定维生素C片剂中抗坏血酸的含量

１ 引 言 早在１８世纪就有人从植物中提取出维生素Ｃ（简称Ｖｃ）,用于治疗坏血病,由此又称“抗坏血酸”。医学上还用于防治血管硬化、肝胆疾病、过敏性疾病,还可促进创伤愈合。Ｖｃ在体内既可以成为供氢体,又可作为受氢体,与细胞内氧化还原有密切关系。Ｖｃ参与细胞间质的形成,维持牙齿、骨骼、血管、肌肉的正常功能,增强人体对疾病的抵抗力,它还可以促进叶酸转变为具有生理活性的四氢叶酸,能增强人体对非血红素铁的吸收,在防治缺铁性贫血中起重要作用。由于制备固体药物Ｖｃ片剂时,需加人各种辅料如粘合剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、…     

漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱法测定维生素C制剂中抗坏血酸的含量

采用漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱法(DRIFTS)测定维生素C制剂中抗坏血酸的含量。选择合适的分析峰1660~1680 cm–1,可排除其它成分的影响,吸光度与抗坏血酸的浓度呈良好线性关系。以镜面为背景,以75μm筛过筛后的KBr为稀释剂,用DRIFTS法分别测定了3种市售维生素C制剂中的抗坏血酸含量,测定结果分别为75.60%,9.80%,6.72%;相对标准偏差(n=6)分别为6.6%,4.9%,8.2%,与碘量法测定结果接近。样品加标回收率为94.0%。DRIFTS法测定维生素C中的抗坏血酸方法简便、准确,无试剂消耗,无废液产生,是非破坏和非污染的绿色分析方法。但其测定结果的精密度不如碘量法,而且其测定结果的准确程度受样品的性状限制,对于白色粉末或可研磨为粉末的样品分析结果准确度较高。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱法检测脑肿瘤

应用傅里叶变换红外光谱法检测了28例液氮冻存的离体脑肿瘤样本及其残留物(将脑肿瘤样本从ATR的ZnSe晶片上取下,样本在ZnSe晶片上沾染后留下的物质).结果发现,神经鞘瘤和神经上皮组织肿瘤(如星形细胞瘤等)的主要特征吸收峰存在明显差异,因此可从各个特征吸收峰的峰位、峰形及不同谱峰强度比的变化来初步鉴别脑肿瘤的性质,脑肿瘤组织样品残留物的红外光谱也可反映不同性质脑肿瘤的差异.与脂类糖蛋白以及核酸相关的谱带变化分析表明,通过特征峰强比(I1460cm-1/I1400cm-1,I1160cm-1/I1120cm-1和I1160cm-1/I1080cm-1)来鉴别肿瘤的性质与病理诊断结果的符合率超过85%.     

主成分分析法-BP神经网络算法用于电位滴定法测定有机酸

采用电位滴定法测定混合液中3种以上的多元弱酸,主成分分析法处理了电位滴定的曲线数据,用BP神经网络进行有机酸预测计算。建立了滴定时滴定剂和混合液中有机酸浓度之间关系的模型,实现了不经分离直接测定溶液中几种小分子多元弱酸。结果表明:该神经网络计算出有机酸的预测值与实际值相对误差不大于5.0%。     

ICP-AES法测定润滑油元素含量的前处理方法

准确测定润滑油中元素的含量对于监控润滑油使用性能和预测各种润滑机械故障具有重要的意义。介绍了高温灰化、溶剂稀释、湿法消解、乳化、压力融弹、微波消解6种前处理方法在ICP-AES测定润滑油元素含量中的应用。     

Scan-to-scan nonreproducibility in GC/FTIR: An evaluation of several chromatogram calculation algorithms

A new second difference (SD) algorithm for calculating wavelength-selective GC/FTIR chromatograms is presented and compared with the Gram-Schmidt (GS), integrated absorbance (IA) and maximum absorbance (MA) algorithms. For an instrument with good scan-to-scan reproducibility, the sensitivity of the four algorithms generally decreases in the order GS>SD>MA>IA. The new algorithm is less affected by instrumental instability, so that in severe cases the sensitivity order becomes SD>GS>MA>IA.     

遗传算法在色谱谱图解析中的应用

将遗传算法引入色谱峰解析程序 ,结合色谱峰EMG模型及峰形经验公式 ,实现了恒温色谱谱图的全自动解析。对模拟谱图和实验谱图进行了解析 ,取得了满意的结果。本文对遗传算法的运算控制及运算效率进行了研究和讨论     

HPLC and GC Methods for Determination of Lubricants and Their Evaluation in Analysis of Real Samples of Polyethylene

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are introduced for analysis of polymer lubricants (stearamide, oleamide and erucamide). In the HPLC method, a reverse phase octadecylsilane (ODS) column along with acetonitrile/methanol (60:40) as a mobile phase were used. Detection of analytes was performed by a UV detector at 202 nm. The analysis time was less than 8 min. In the GC method, polar capillary column and flame ionization detector (FID) were used for separations and detection, respectively. The analysis time by GC was longer than HPLC and was about 30 min. Limits of detection, linear range and repeatability of both methods are similar, but determination of oleamide in real samples by HPLC method is difficult due to complexity of the initial part of HPLC chromatogram in polyethylene samples. That problem is not observed in the GC method. Detection limits in both methods for all analytes are lower than 0.003% which are much lower than the amount of lubricants in commercial polymers (0.05–0.2%).     

An automated FTIR method for the routine quantitative determination of moisture in lubricants: An alternative to Karl Fischer titration

An accurate primary Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method for the determination of moisture in mineral and ester based lubricants has been developed based on the extraction of moisture into dry acetonitrile. FTIR evaluation of acetonitrile extracts from new and used lubricants as well as common lubricant additives and contaminants which might co-extract indicated that phenolic constituents interfered significantly with moisture measurements. By measuring moisture at 3676 cm⁻¹ on the shoulder of the asymmetric OH stretching band, spectral interferences from extracted phenolic constituents were minimized. The spectra of calibration standards (0-2100 ppm), prepared by gravimetric addition of water to dry acetonitrile, were recorded in a 1000-μm CaF₂ transmission flow cell and produced linear standard curves having an S.D. of ∼±20 ppm. Lubricant sample preparation involved the vigorous shaking (20 min) of a 1:1.5 (w/v) mixture of lubricant and dry acetonitrile, centrifugation to separate the phases, acquisition of the FTIR spectrum of the upper acetonitrile layer, and subtraction of the spectrum of the dry acetonitrile used for extraction. A Continuous Oil Analyzer and Treatment (COAT^®) FTIR system was programmed to allow the automated analysis of acetonitrile extracts, and the methodology was validated by analyzing 58 new and used oils, independently analyzed by the Karl Fischer (KF) method. Linear regression of FTIR versus KF results for these oils produced a linear plot with a between-method S.D. of ±80 ppm. As implemented on the COAT^® system, this FTIR method is capable of analyzing 72 acetonitrile extracts/h and provides a high-speed alternative to the KF titrimetric procedures for the determination of water in lubricants.     

遗传算法用于地质样品中钴、镍五种相态的同时测定

根据地质样品中钴、镍硫酸盐、镍黄铁矿、橄榄石、磁铁矿、菱铁矿5种相态不同的化学性质,选择了浸取剂,确定了最佳浸取条件,获取了各相态稳定的浸取率常数,并将遗传算法与钴、镍的化学物相分析相结合,建立了地质样品中钴、镍的五种相态同时测定的方法。方法简便、快速。其钴、镍的RSD(%)分别为:硫酸盐1.2、0.5,镍黄铁矿3.0、0.7,橄榄石1.0、0.25,磁铁矿2.9、2.4,菱铁矿5.5、2.4。平均相对误差小于5%。     

卡尔-费休滴定法测定有机锌盐药物中水分

采用卡尔-费休滴定法测定有机锌盐药物中水分时,改用甲醇-氨溶液(质量比180比1)作溶剂溶解试样。改进的溶剂利于有机锌盐药物的溶解及结晶水的释放。试验结果表明:有机锌盐药物中水分的测定值比药典法测定值高,相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.13%～0.36%之间。     

卷烟主流烟气气相水分的捕集及气相色谱法测定

提出了用剑桥滤片捕集烟气粒相物,以异丙醇和乙醇为吸收液、两级碰撞捕集器串联捕集烟气气相物,用气相色谱法测定主流烟气粒相和气相水分含量的方法。试验结果表明:线性范围为0.8～6.0g.L-1,相对标准偏差(n=5)小于2.5%之间,回收率为93.46%～106.15%。采用该法对7种卷烟主流烟气中粒相和气相水分进行测定,烟气总水分含量为6.77～9.43mg.支-1,其中气相水分约占总水分的65%～75%,表明气相水分是研究卷烟品质的重要参数。     

红外光谱结合偏最小二乘法快速测定在用航空润滑油中磷酸三甲酚酯

采用基础油标准曲线法,建立了在用航空润滑油中抗磨剂磷酸三甲酚酯(TCP)含量与670～630cm-1范围内傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)谱峰面积的定量线性关系,并以标准曲线的预测结果为基础数据,采用偏最小二乘法法(PLS)建立TCP含量的红外光谱快速定量分析模型。模型的相关系数为0.997,校正偏差为0.021。对随机抽取的某型在用航空润滑油样品进行预测并对预测结果进行配对t检验,平均相对误差低于3%,模型预测值与标准方法测定值没有显著性差异,模型具有良好的预测能力。研究结果表明:利用FTIR结合化学计量可以实现在用润滑油TCP的快速定量分析,实时监控润滑油质量。