大电流快速加热条件下LY12铝板动态变形的云纹干涉法实验研究

本文研究了中间带孔受拉铝板在大电流热冲击条件下的动态变形测试．在试件表面制作高温高频光栅，预加机械载荷后放入双光束云纹干涉光路中，用大电流加热器对试件进行快速加热，利用高速摄影机拍摄记录试件表面圆孔附近区域干涉条纹的变化情况，同时利用测温系统对试件的温度变化情况进行了测试记录．实验结果表明，用高速拍摄方法摄影热冲击条件下的云纹干涉条纹变化是可行的．     

组件裂尖变形场的云纹显微倍增研究

将云纹干涉法与显微、倍增技术相结合，发展了一种位移场云纹条纹显微倍增方法．对该方法进行了严格的理论推导和精确的实验验证，并用该方法对热载下微电子模拟组件的层间裂纹尖端位移场和奇异性进行了实验研究     

Application of refractive medium in optical micromechanics

The refractive medium is used in moire interferometry and holographic grating fabrication technique. The sensitivity of traditional interferometry and the frequency of grating are enhanced effectively. These two novel techniques extend the application scope of the moire interferometry and facilitate the realization of superlattice method in micromechanics study. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Immersion interferometer for microscopic moiré interferometry

The basic sensitivity of moiré interferometry has been increased beyond the previously conceived theoretical limit. This is accomplished by creating the virtual reference grating inside a refractive medium instead of air, thus shortening the wavelength of light. Various optical configurations of moiré interferometry for operation in a refractive medium are introduced and one of them has been put into current practice. A very compact four-beamimmersion interferometer has been developed for microscopic viewing, which produces a basic sensitivity of 4.8 fringes per μm displacement (contour interval of 0.208 μm per fringe order), corresponding to moiré with 4800 lines per mm. Its configuration makes it inherently stable and relatively insensitive to environmental disturbances. An optical microscope is employed to obtain high spatial resolution. The method is demonstrated for deformation of a thick graphite/epoxy composite at the 0/90-deg ply interface. Paper was presented at the 1991 SEM Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics held in Milwaukee, WI on June 9–13, 1991.     

云纹／光栅测试技术的几点讨论

本文用信号处理的方法系统地阐述了云纹／光栅测试技术。以面内云纹／光栅测试为例，首先说明了光栅是位移和变形信息的空间载体；位移和应变分别是对载体的相位和频率调制；而云纹现象则是试件栅频谱向零频处平移的结果或说云纹是对光栅载体信号解调的过程；进而讨论了云纹技术与光栅技术的本质区别。其次分析了云纹／光栅测试系统的性能，讨论了条纹分析方法及数字图象处理手段对云纹／光栅系统的测试精度、灵敏度、空间分辨率的影响。     

MOIRÉ INTERFEROMETRY WITH ENHANCED RESOLUTION

The implementation of this method is relatively simple. It does not require any modification to interferometric systems already in use. It can be used in the analysis of large as well as very small fields, including measurements under a microscope.
A fringe pattern with a carrier is recorded in a single exposure, just as in the standard procedure. As a consequence, any possible instability of the interferometer does not affect the accuracy of the measurements. Further, the spatial resolution of the measurements is not compromised.
Since only one exposure is needed for a given displacement component this method can be applied to dynamic as well as static measurements.
It should be emphasized that even though the number of electronically generated fringes can be arbitrary, the sensitivity is the same as in ordinary moire interferometry as long as the data are taken at the lines of minimum intensity. The improvement is in the increase of the number of data points taken at the locations of maximum resolution. In other words, all the data are taken at the maximum resolution.
This method applies not only to moire interferometry but to any experimental technique based on two-beam interference, as long as the fringe pattern has good contrast.     

云纹干涉条纹倍增方法研究

本文将云纹干涉法与载波法、倍增技术相结合,提出一种位移场和应变场云纹干涉条纹倍增方法,该方法使得云纹干涉法测量灵敏度提高四倍以上。文中对该方法给出了严格的理论推导和实验验证。     

干涉云纹光学倍增方法研究

本文提出一种干涉云纹的光学倍增方法。通过给由试件变形引起的云纹图施加一定频率的载波条纹，用具有高分辨率的记录介质记录这一附加有载波的云纹图，经处理后，记录介质相当于一个频率较低的转移变形试件栅，把它放到云纹干涉光路系统中作为试件栅，当对称入射的双光束在其上形成的虚参考栅频率为原载波条纹频率的２ｎ倍时，就可以得到倍增为２ｎ倍后的载荷条纹，使相应的测量灵敏度提高２ｎ倍。文中对这一方法进行了理论分析和实验验证。     

Moiré interferometry: Advances and applications

Recent applications of moiré interferometry at VPI & SU and related developments of laboratory techniques are reviewed. The applications are studies of composite bodies, including micromechanics and macromechanics of composites, thermal strains and residual strains. The techniques section discusses steady-state thermal strain measurements, carrier fringes, and advances in methods for producing specimen gratings. With its high sensitivity, high spatial resolution and extensive displacement range, moiré interferometry has matured into a powerful technique for measuring inplane deformations of complex materials and structures.Invited paper was presented at the 1990 SEM Fall Conference on Hologram Interferometry and Speckle Metrology held in Baltimore, MD on November 5–8.     

Fabricating Parameters Optimization of High Frequency Grating by Multi-scanning Electron Beam Method

The electron-beam moiré method uses a high frequency grating to measure microscopic deformation. Increasingly fine gratings are being developed to achieve increasingly high resolutions in microscopic stress analysis. In this study, we improve the electron grid fabricating technique by using a common scanning electron microscope (SEM). An error analysis for the multi-scanning grating was performed by a sampling moiré method. The grating manufacturing parameters strongly affect the superfine grating quality. A high accelerating voltage or a short working distance yield better results generally. A set of optimal parameters is suggested based on a minimum-error criterion. A cross-line grid with a frequency of 10,000 lines/mm and a parallel grating with a frequency of 13,000 lines/mm were successfully fabricated.     

异质双材料界面端部应力奇异性的实验分析

用高灵敏度的云纹干涉实验方法测量了弯曲载荷作用下异质结构的位移场，并采用局部混合法对实验结果进行处理，根据结果对界面端部区域的应力分布规律进行了讨论；求出了应力奇异性阶数λ和应力强度因子Ｋ，并将这一结果与Ｂｏｇｙ￣［１］等人用理论分析的方法所预期的结果和有限元计算结果进行了比较。本文的工作从实验的角度证实了异质双材料结构界面端部区域的应力状态可以用表达式：σ＿（ｉｊ）（ｒ，θ）＝ｋ·ｒ￣（－λ）ｆ＿（ｉｊ）（θ）来描述。     

Measuring displacement fields of curved surface by moire interferometry of partial coherent light

This paper presents a method to measure the in-plane displacement fields of curved surface by moire interferometry of partial coherent light. The method has the following advantages: simple optical system, no requirement on vibration isolation, high sensitivity, large measuring range, high contrast of interference fringes and availability to in situ structural testing. the present paper also gives theoretical analysis of the method and the formulas of light intensity and displacement field, and introduces a replication technique to form a high frequency reflectance grating on the curved surface. The expriments achieved the measurement of the surface displacement field of a cylindrical shell— the simultaneous circumferential, axial and 45° displacement fields. The torsional test data for surface displacement of a circular bar agree well with the theoretical result. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

三维位移场(U,V,W)实时观测的云纹干涉法

本文将一特殊布置的云纹干涉系统和一垂直入射试件栅的麦克尔逊干涉系统组和起来,利用云纹干涉系统测量两个面内位移分量U、V,垂直入射的麦克尔逊干涉系统测量离面位移分量 W。调节云纹干涉系统中入射光的入射角,使正、负一级衍涉波的传播方向偏离开试件栅法向一微小角度,从而使一级衍涉波的频谱点与麦克尔逊干涉系统中的零级衍涉波的频谱点在频谱面上分开。利用小反射镜的反射来改变一级衍射波的传播方向,从而使我们在三个彼此分开的成像面上同步实时观测到三维位移场的条纹图。文中给出了严格的理论推导和实验验证。     

APPLICATION OF HIGH RESOLUTION GEOMETRIC MOIRÉ METHOD TO FRACTURE PROBLEMS

A high density geometric moiré technique has been developed and successfully applied to determine fracture parameters, namely the opening mode stress intensity factor, in both transparent and opaque engineering materials. With the development of this technique the displacement resolution capability of geometric moiré has been increased at least twofold, from 0.025 mm to 0.0125 mm. Further development of gratings with line densities higher than 80 line pairs/mm will further bridge the gap which currently exists between the displacement measuring capabilities of geometric and interferometric moiré.     

An Experimental Technique for the Dynamic Characterization of Soft Complex Materials

We describe an experimental technique to study the dynamic behavior of complex soft materials, based on high-speed microscopic imaging and direct measurements of dynamic forces and deformations. The setup includes high sensitivity dynamic displacement measurements based on geometric moiré interferometry and high-speed imaging for in-situ, full-field visualization of the complex micro-scale dynamic deformations. The method allows extracting dynamic stress-strain profiles both from the moiré interferometry and from the high-speed microscopic imaging. We discuss the advantages of using these two complementing components concurrently. We use this technique to study the dynamic response of vertically aligned carbon nanotube foams subjected to impact loadings at variable deformation rates. The same technique can be used to study other micro-structured materials and complex hierarchical structures.     

瓷修复体界面断裂行为的模拟实验研究

本文利用云纹干涉法和云纹干涉－－有限元混合法，对瓷修复体的模拟双材料模型界面断裂问题进行了实验研究。用云纹干涉和数字错位云纹干涉法测量带边裂纹的双材料四点简支梁在剪切作用下界面表面的剪应变分布及界面两侧局部表面的位移场，实验表明，由于界面两两侧材料力学性质不同，表现出界面剪切断裂问题的非称性和裂尖附近复合型断裂的特点；用云纹干涉法和有限元法相结合的混合法对粘接界面角点应力奇异性进行研究，并对角点附近应力应变场作了分析，得到了应力奇异指数与边界楔角，载荷的关系，证明了用界面应力强度因子Kf来描述界面端部区域应力分布的公式，并得到了双材料界面端部区域的应力应变分布情况。本文的实验结果为进一步研究口腔金瓷修复体界面的优化设计提供了基础，同时也说明云纹干涉法对于双材料界面断裂行为的研究是有效的。     

硅橡胶光栅在高温力学性能测试中的作用

在光栅制作中,硅橡胶是一种很好的光栅传递材料,而且普通的硅橡胶又具有耐高温性。我们利用硅橡胶的这些特性,通过大量的实验工作,制作了耐热试件光栅,用于材料高温力学性能测试,解决了350℃以下制作耐高温光栅的困难。本文详细地介绍了硅橡胶光栅复制技术,在铝基碳化硅材料的高温力学性能测试中得到了很好地应用。硅橡胶试件光栅的应用,对推广云纹干涉法,特别是高温云纹测试技术都具有重要意义。     

Study of failure modes of microelectronic packaging modules by holography quasi projection moire method

In this paper, a novel interferometric method with a wide range of sensitivities, called holography quasi projection moire, is proposed. It combines the features of the variated double projection moire method and the holographic interferometry method. This technique is used to study the failure modes of microelectronic packaging modules. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

An experimental analysis of displacement field of mixed mode crack

In this paper, the characteristic properties ofv (y-direction displacement) field surrounding the tip of a mixed mode crack are studied. These properties can be used to evaluate the rigid body rotation of the crack tip, theK _I SIF and the ratio ofK _II SIF toK _I.The authors employ a film to record the displacement information based on the technique of moire interferometry with sticking films. By using the data taken from the moire pattern and treating them with the damping least square method, all of the parameters of the crack can be obtained accurately.     

应用云纹干涉法测量冷挤压孔周残余应力分布

本文就冷挤压加工后紧固孔周的残余应力测量问题进行了研究。文中提出了径向切割法以释放欲求剖面的周向残余应力;采用高灵敏度的云纹干涉法测量残余应力释放后引起的附加变形;用载波错位法获得高反差的应变条纹图。