Radicals in skew polynomial and skew Laurent polynomial rings

We provide a general procedure for characterizing radical-like functions of skew polynomial and skew Laurent polynomial rings under grading hypotheses. In particular, we are able to completely characterize the Wedderburn and Levitzki radicals of skew polynomial and skew Laurent polynomial rings in terms of ideals in the coefficient ring. We also introduce the T-nilpotent radideals, and perform similar characterizations.     

On the Behrens radical of matrix rings and polynomial rings

It is shown that the Behrens radical of a polynomial ring, in either commuting or non-commuting indeterminates, has the form of “polynomials over an ideal”. Moreover, in the case of non-commuting indeterminates, for a given coefficient ring, the ideal does not depend on the cardinality of the set of indeterminates. However, in contrast to the Brown-McCoy radical, it can happen that the polynomial ring R[X] in an infinite set X of commuting indeterminates over a ring R is Behrens radical while the polynomial ring R〈X〉 in an infinite set Y of non-commuting indeterminates over R is not Behrens radical. This is connected with the fact that the matrix rings over Behrens radical rings need not be Behrens radical. The class of Behrens radical rings, which is closed under taking matrix rings, is described.     

On von Neumann regular rings,XIII

Summary Generalizations of projectivity and quasi-injectivity, calledC-projectivity andIC-injectivity, are introduced to study von Neumann regular rings, continuous and self-injetive regular rings. Conditions for non-reduced ideals to contain non-trivial central idempotents are considered.

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Riassunto Vengono introdotte delle generalizzazioni delle proiettività e delle quasi-iniettività detteC-proiettività eIC-iniettività per studiare gli anelli regolari di von Neumann, anelli continui e regolari auto-iniettivi. Sono inoltre considerate condizioni a<nchè ideali non ridotti contengano idempotenti centrali non banali.

     

On von Neumann regular rings,III

This note is a natural sequel to [8] and [9]. Further characteristic properties of arbitrary von Neumann regular rings and strongly regular rings are given in terms of annihilators and simple modules. A prime ring with certain annihilator conditions is shown to be primitive (this is related to the following problem ofKaplansky: Are prime regular rings primitive?). Necessary and sufficient conditions for leftq-rings to be regular are also considered: For example, a leftq-ring is regular iff every simple rightA-module is flat. A sufficient condition is given for a leftqc-ring to be a uniserial, strongly left and strongly rightqc, left and rightq-ring. One of the main results ofJain, Mohamed andSingh onq-rings [5, Theorem 2.13] is generalised. Finally, it is shown that a prime left continuous ring either has zero socle or is primitive, left self-injective regular.     

On the radicals of structural matrix rings

The relationship between the radical of a ringR and a structural matrix ring overR has been determined for some radicals. We continue these investigations, amongst others, determining exactly which radicals have the property (M(,R))=M( _s ,(R))+M( _a ,⁺(R))for any structural matrix ringM(,R) and finding (M(,R)) for any hereditary subidempotent radical .     

On essential extensions of reduced rings and domains

A ring is said to be a left essential extension of a reduced ring (domain) if it contains a left ideal which is a reduced ring (domain) and intersects nontrivially every nonzero twosided ideal of the ring. We prove that every ring which is a left essential extension of a reduced ring is a subdirect sum of rings which are essential extensions of domains, but the converse implication does not hold. We give some applications of this result and discuss several related questions.Received: 6 January 2003     

Strong commutativity preserving maps in prime rings with involution

Let A be a prime ring of characteristic not 2, with center Z(A) and with involution *. Let S be the set of symmetric elements of A. Suppose that f:S→A is an additive map such that [f(x),f(y)]=[x,y] for all x,y∈S. Then unless A is an order in a 4-dimensional central simple algebra, there exists an additive map μ:S→Z(A) such that f(x)=x+μ(x) for all x∈S or f(x)=-x+μ(x) for all x∈S.     

Finitistic dimension of artinian rings with vanishing radical cube

Both authors were partially supported by grants from the N.S.F.     

Feedback classification of linear systems over von Neumann regular rings

It is proved that feedback classification of a linear system over a commutative von Neumann regular ring R can be reduced to the classification of a finite family of systems, each of which is properly split into a reachable and a non-reachable part, where the reachable part is in a Brunovski-type canonical form, while the non-reachable part can only be altered by similarity. If a canonical form is known for similarity of matrices over R, then it can be used to construct a canonical form for feedback equivalence. An explicit algorithm is given to obtain the canonical form in a computable context together with an example over a finite ring.     

Cyclic accessibility of reachable states characterizes von Neumann regular rings

The class of commutative von Neumann regular rings is characterized by a generalization of the feedback cyclization property to non-necessarily reachable systems: for any system (A,B), there exist a matrix K and a vector u such that (A,B) and the single-input system (A+BK,Bu) have the same submodule of reachable states. An explicit algorithm is presented to obtain K,u for a given system (A,B).     

Weakly regular rings with ACC on annihilators and maximality of strongly prime ideals of weakly regular rings

Ramamurthi proved that weak regularity is equivalent to regularity and biregularity for left Artinian rings. We observe this result under a generalized condition. For a ring R satisfying the ACC on right annihilators, we actually prove that if R is left weakly regular then R is biregular, and that R is left weakly regular if and only if R is a direct sum of a finite number of simple rings. Next we study maximality of strongly prime ideals, showing that a reduced ring R is weakly regular if and only if R is left weakly regular if and only if R is left weakly π-regular if and only if every strongly prime ideal of R is maximal.     

The general radical theory of near-rings — answers to some open problems

It is shown that in the variety of all, not necessarily 0-symmetric near-rings, there are no non-trivial classes of near-rings which satisfy condition (F), no non-trivial (Kurosh-Amitsur) radical classes with the ADS-property and consequently no non-trivial ideal-hereditary radical classes. It is also shown that any hereditary semisimple class contains only 0-symmetric near-rings.Presented by E. Fried.AMS Subject Classification: 16Y30; 16N80.     

Zero-divisor graphs, von Neumann regular rings, and Boolean algebras

For a commutative ring R with set of zero-divisors Z(R), the zero-divisor graph of R is Γ(R)=Z(R)−{0}, with distinct vertices x and y adjacent if and only if xy=0. In this paper, we show that Γ(T(R)) and Γ(R) are isomorphic as graphs, where T(R) is the total quotient ring of R, and that Γ(R) is uniquely complemented if and only if either T(R) is von Neumann regular or Γ(R) is a star graph. We also investigate which cardinal numbers can arise as orders of equivalence classes (related to annihilator conditions) in a von Neumann regular ring.     

Homogeneous nilradicals over semigroup graded rings

In this paper we study the homogeneity of radicals defined by nilpotence or primality conditions, in rings graded by a semigroup S. When S is a unique product semigroup, we show that the right (and left) strongly prime and uniformly strongly prime radicals are homogeneous, and an even stronger result holds for the generalized nilradical. We further prove that rings graded by torsion-free, nilpotent groups have homogeneous upper nilradical. We conclude by showing that non-semiprime rings graded by a large class of semigroups must always contain nonzero homogeneous nilpotent ideals.     

An example of two von Neumann regular rings with nonisomorphic morita equivalent multiplicative semigroups

The aim of this note is to construct an example of two von Neumann regular ringsR andS such that their multiplicative semigroups (R,.) and (S,.) are Morita equivalent but nonisomorphic.     

K1 of noncommutative von Neumann regular rings

If R is any (noncommutative, von Neumann) regular ring with 2 invertible, then K₁ of the free (noncommuting) R-algebra on a set X is canonically isomorphic to K₁(R). If R is unit-regular, then K₁(R) is just the abelianization of the group of units of R. Some examples are computed.