Si2Br6的分子振动光谱的理论研究

用量化从头算方法(HF/6-31G^*)和密度泛函方法(B3LYP/6-31G^*)以6-31G标准基组加一个极化函数,对Si₂Br₆分子的平衡几何构型和振动频率分别进行优化和计算,优化的结果与实验结果吻合得较好.按照Pulay的建议对HF/6-31G^*水平上所计算的谐性力场进行标度(标度因子取0.9).用HF/6-31G^*SQM力场所计算的基频预测值和实验值的平均误差为9.4cm^-1,最大误差为23.6cm^-1;用B₃LYP/6-31G^*未标度力场所计算的基频预测值和实验值的平均误差为8.6cm^-1,最大误差为16.6cm^-1;用该密度泛函方法所计算的基频预测值比用HF/6-31G^*的标度后的SQM力场所计算的基频预测值和实验值(除Si-Si键扭转振动基频之外的11条振动基频)吻合得更好.HF/6-31G^*和B3LYP/6-31G^*计算给出Si-Si键扭转振动基频的预测值分别为14cm^-1和9cm^-1.     

C24团簇结构与稳定性的理论研究

采用量子化学HF, B3LYP和MP2方法,选用6-31G^*, 6-311G^*, cc-pVDZ和cc-pVTZ基组,对C₂₄团簇的6种异构体进行了优化,并对它们的几何构型、振动频率、核独立化学位移(NICS)和稳定性进行了讨论,比较C₂₄团簇各种异构体的稳定性.研究表明:在6-311G^*和cc-pVDZ水平上,B3LYP方法给出的稳定性大小顺序分别为c＞f＞b＞e＞a＞d和c＞b＞f＞a＞e＞d, MP2方法给出的稳定性大小顺序为b＞c＞a＞e＞f＞d.     

二氯硅烯与乙烯和甲醛环加成反应机理的理论研究

用RHF/6-31G^*解析梯度方法研究了单重态二氯硅烯与乙烯和甲醛环加成反应的机理,并用二级微扰方法对各构型能量进行了相关能校正.结果表明,两反应历程均由两步组成:(1)二氯硅烯与乙烯和甲醛分别生成了中间配合物,是无势垒的放热反应;(2)中间配合物异构化成产物二氯硅杂环丙烷和二氯硅杂环氧甲烷,其势垒经零点能校正分别为97.43和103.29kJ/mol(MP₂/6-31G^*//6-31G^*).     

ClC(O)NCS分子振动光谱的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论DFT(B3LYP)方法,以6-31G^*为基组对ClC(O)NCS的反式和顺式两种构型的几何结构、振动谐性力场和红外光谱进行了研究.B3LYP/6-31G^*的理论力场由适用于B3LYP/6-31G^*计算水平和大多数有机分子的一套固定标度因子进行标度.根据标度后的理论力场进行简正坐标分析得到的势能分布(PED)和红外光谱强度值对ClC(O)NCS分子的顺式和反式两种构型的振动基频进行了理论归属.     

氮苄叉基苯胺及其衍生物的构象

为了探索氮苄叉基苯胺及其衍生物产生大扭角构象的根本原因,对21个分子分别在HF/6-311G^**和B3LYP/6-311G^**水平下进行了全优化和近似的势能面扫描.结果显示,分子扭曲的驱动力源于分子内的电子相互作用,片段间的核排斥作用是分子扭曲的阻力.经B3LYP/6-311G^**势能面扫描后,分别用HF,BLYP,BVWN,B3LYP和MP2法在不同的基组下对各旋转构象再作单点能运算.在简单的NBA分子中,STO-3G可以足够精确地描述分子扭曲的驱动力,但是它不能很好地描述分子内的氢键效应.     

从头计算法研究沙蚕毒和杀虫环分子的几何构型与电子结构

用Hartree-Fock/6-31G^*从头算确定了沙蚕毒和杀虫环分子的几何构型,在全局优化中发现杀虫环分子的椅式和船式两种稳定构象,在二级Moller-plesset微扰理论MP2/6-31^*水平下,椅式较船式稳定27.06kJ/mol.用MP2/6-31G^*波函数计算电子相关校正的分子静电势,以此为基础讨论生物活性与静电势的关系。发现对此二分子,Mulliken布居分析获得的原子净电荷存在问题,本文用Breneman提出的从静电势导出原子净电荷的CHELPG方法计算了原子净电荷。     

电场作用下分子导线的理论研究

摘要利用从头计算法分别在HF/6-31G, HF/6-31G*, HF/6-31G**, HF/6-31+G, HF/6-31++G, HF/6-31+G*, HF/6-31+G**, HF/D95+*, B3LYP/6-31G*和B3LYP/6-31+G*水平上计算了5个单体的聚乙炔分子导线, 从几何构型、 SCF能量和分子轨道能级三个方面讨论了外电场对分子导线的影响, 给出了聚乙炔分子导线性质与外电场变化的定量关系.     

3,4-二硫方酸芳香性和气相酸性的理论研究

在RHF/6-311G^**,RHF/6-311+G^**和B3LYP/6-311+G^**水平优化得到3,4-二硫方酸(3,4-二巯基-3-环丁烯-1,2-二酮)三种平面构象异构体的平衡几何构型.用MP2(Full)/6-311G^**//RHF/6-311G^**方法计算单点能量,发现ZZ型异构体是能量最低构象,且ZZ和ZE型能量非常接近.用优化的最稳定构象ZZ型异构体在RHF/6-311G^**//RHF/6-311G^**,RHF/6-311G^**//RHF/6-311G^**,MP2(Full)/6-311G^**//RHF/6-311G^**和B3LYP/6-311G^**//B3LYP/6-311G^**水平计算其气相酸性(ΔG⁰)和同键反应芳香性稳定化能(HASE).用基团加和法(Group Increment Approach)在RHF/6-311G^**//RHF/6-311G^**和B3LYP/6-311G^**//B3LYP/6-311G^**水平计算其磁化率增量(Λ).计算结果表明,标题化合物的同键反应芳香性稳定化能和磁化率增量均为负值,表明它具有芳香性,实现了标题化合物芳香性的几何、能量和磁性的判定.     

氟磺酸氯分子振动光谱的从头算研究

采用从头算HF方法以6-31G^*基组研究了对ClOSO₂F分子的几何结构、振动谐性力场和红外光谱.理论力场由Pulay的标度量子力学方法进行标度,算得的振动频率与实验值比较,平均偏差为6.0cm^-1.根据振动频率的势能分布和从头算红外光谱强度值对此分子的振动基频进行了理论归属.     

杂氮硅三环类化合物的紫外光电子能谱及化学键的理论研究

报道了10种杂氮硅三环类化合物的紫外光电子能谱(UPS).采用RHF/3-21G^*对各化合物进行了构型优化.根据各化合物UPS的谱带特征结合RHF/6-31G^*的计算结果对谱图进行了合理的解析和指认.利用6-31G^*基组进行的电子密度拓扑分析表明,各化合物的N和Si原子间均存在键鞍点,从理论上证实了N和Si原子间存在成键作用.各化合物的UPS和SCFMO计算和电子密度拓扑分析都表明,在该类体系中σ_N→Si配键是比杂氮硼三环类化合物中σ_N→B配键弱得多的成键作用;文中同时讨论了不同取代基对Si和N间成键作用的影响.     

Electronic structure of N-sulfonylimines

The electronic structure of N-sulfonylimines has been studied in detail using ab initio MO and density functional methods. The S–N rotational barriers in HS(O)₂N=CH₂ at G2MP2 and CBS-Q levels have been found to be 3.25 and 3.43 kcal/mol respectively. Complete optimization at HF/6-31+G^*, MP2(full)/6-31+G^* and B3LYP/6-31+G^* levels have shown that synperiplanar arrangement of S–O with respect to C=N is more stable. NBO analysis has been carried out to quantitatively estimate these delocalisations and charge polarization in RS(O)₂N=CH₂ (R=H, Me, Cl, F). The Lewis basic character in N-sulfonylimines is less compared to N-alkylimines due to anomeric interactions that reduce the lone pair electron density on nitrogen in 1.     

Structure and conformational stability of CH2CHCH2X (X=F, Cl and Br) molecules—post Hartree–Fock and density functional theory methods

The molecular structure and conformational stability of CH₂CHCH₂X (X=F, Cl and Br) molecules were studied using ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The molecular geometries of 3-fluoropropene were optimized employing BLYP and B3LYP levels of theory of DFT method implementing 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. The MP2/6-31G^*, BLYP and B3LYP levels of theory of ab initio and DFT methods were used to optimize the 3-chloropropene and 3-bromopropene molecules. The structural and physical parameters of the molecules are discussed with the available experimental values. The rotational potential energy surface of the above molecules were obtained at MP2/6-31G^* and B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory. The Fourier decomposition of the rotational potentials were analyzed. The HF/6-31G^* and MP2/6-31G^* levels of theory have predicted the cis conformer as the minimum energy structure for 3-fluoropropene, which is in agreement with the experimental values, whereas the BLYP/6-311+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory reverses the order of conformation. The ΔE values calculated for 3-chloropropene at MP2/6-31G^*, BLYP/6-311+G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) levels of theory show that the gauche form is more stable than the cis form, which is in agreement with the experimental value. The same levels of theory have also predicted that the gauche form is stable than cis for 3-bromopropene molecule. The maximum hardness principle has been able to predict the stable conformer of 3-fluoropropene at HF/6-31G^* level of theory, but the same level of theory reverses the conformational stability of 3-chloropropene and 3-bromopropene molecules and MP2/6-31G^* level of theory predicted the stable conformer correctly.     

Molecular structure and conformational stability of allylisocyanate—post-Hartree–Fock and density functional theory studies

The molecular structure and conformational stability of allylisocyanate (CH₂CHCH₂NCO) molecule was studied using the ab initio and DFT methods. The geometries of possible conformers, C-gauche (δ=120°, θ=0°) (δ=C=C–C–N and θ=C–C–N=C) and C-cis N-trans (δ=0° and θ=180°) were optimized employing HF/6-31G^*, MP2/6-31G^* levels of theory of ab initio and BLYP, B3LYP, BPW91 and B3PW91 methods of DFT implementing the atomic basis set 6-311+G(d,p). The structural and physical parameters of the above conformers were discussed with the experimental and theoretical values of the related molecules, methylisocyanate and 3-fluoropropene. It has been found that the N=C=O bond angle is not linear as the experimental result for both the conformers and the theoretical bond angle is 173°. The rotational potential energy surfaces have been performed at the HF/6-31G^*, and MP2/6-31G^* levels of theory. The Fourier decomposition potentials were analysed at the HF/6-31G^*, and MP2/6-31G^* levels of theory. The HF/6-31G^* level of theory predicted that the C-gauche conformer is more stable than the C-cis N-trans conformer by 0.41 kJ/mol, but the MP2 and DFT methods predicted the C-cis N-trans conformer is found to be more stable than the C-gauche conformer. The calculated chemical hardness value at the HF/6-31G^* level of theory predicted the C-cis N-trans form is more stable than C-gauche form, whereas the chemical hardness value at the MP2/6-31G^* level of theory favours the slight preference towards the C-gauge conformer.     

Ab initio study of some peroxides. HOOH, CH3OOH and, CH3OOCH3

The geometries of HOOH, CH₃OOH, and CH₃OOCH₃, were optimized with different basis sets (3-21G, 6-31G^*(*) and D95^**) at different levels of theory (HF, MP2, MP4, and CI). HF/3-21G optimizations result in planar trans conformations for all three peroxides. HF/6-31G^** calculations predict skew conformations for HOOH and CH₃OOH, but a planar trans struture for CH₃OOCH₃. For the larger basis set the calculated bond lengths, especially the O-O bonds, are too short. Optimizations for HOOH including electron correlation at the MP2, MP3, MP4, CI, and CCD level improve the agreement for bond lengths and the OOH angle, but result in dihedral angles Which are too large by 3– 8°. In the case of CH₃OOCH₃, similar calculations at the MP2 and CI level predict planar trans structures instead of the experimentally observed skew conformation. On the other hand, MP4 single point calculations at MP2 optimized parameters result in a correct skew structure. For all three peroxides a computationally “economic” method, i.e., single point calculations at MP2 or MP4 level with HF/3-21G optimized parameters, result in close agreement between calculated and experimental structures.     

Ab initio molecular orbital study on three feasible mechanisms for substitution of the vinylic carbon in F2C=C(OMs)BMe3−

A substitution on 2,2-difluorovinylic carbon was investigated by using ab initio molecular orbital calculations. Three feasible mechanisms, which are the S_N1-like, the S_N2-type and the addition-elimination mechanisms, were ex- amined for a model borate, 2,2-difluoro-1-mesyloxyvinyl(trimethyl)borate. Four TSs were obtained depending on the position of Li⁺ around the vinylborate although activation energies in the gas phase are rather high (ca. 30–40 kcal mol⁻¹) in comparison with that expected from the experimental conditions. It was confirmed at the SCRF-IPCM calculations that the solvent effect reduces the acti- vation energy of one S_N2-type mechanism very much (4. l kcal mol⁻¹ at the B3LYP/6-31+G^*//RHF/6-31+G^/s* level of theory) while those for the other mechanisms do not change very much. Therefore, the S_N2-type mechanism is applicable to the substitution reaction observed for the vinylborate.     

Theoretical Studies on theStructures and Reactivity of Stannylenoides(Ⅱ)——Structures and Isomerization of Stannylenoid H2SnNaF

The structures of stannylenoid HzSnNaF have been studied using RHF/3-21G and RHF/3-21G^* gradient method.     

Theoretical study of some 1,3-substituted (1,3-diketonato)borondifluorides. Potential energy curve relevant to the barrier crossing reaction

Ab initio Hartree-Fock calculations utilising STO-3G, 3-21G^* and 6-31G^* basis sets have been performed on three neutral and highly polar molecules, (diformylmethine)borondifluoride, (acetylacetonato)borondifluoride and (dibenzylmethine) borondifluoride. The calculated and experimental structures are well correlated when using the HF/3-21G^* basis set, except for the structure parameters involving the boron atom. The HF/6-31G^* basis set does not improve the accuracy in structure calculations. The conformational analysis is in agreement with the experimentally observed C_2v symmetrical structures, where the boron atom is tetrahedrally coordinated. The calculations support a one-dimensional ground state barrier crossing reaction for (dibenzylmethine)borondifluoride, where the phenyl torsion is the most likely reaction coordinate. Both HF/6-31G^* calculations and the second-order Møller-Plesset correction with the 3-21G^* basis set suggest an activation energy of the ground state reaction of about 30 kJ mol⁻¹. The ground state barrier crossing reaction kinetics is evaluated by the Kramers theory. The calculated ground state parameters relevant to the barrier crossing reaction are compared with the experimentally observed excited state values.     

Ab initio calculations of minimum-energy pathways of the nucleophilic addition of the H anion, LiH molecule and Li/H ion pair to acetylene and methylacetylene

Ab initio calculations were performed for special points of the minimal energy pathways (MEP) of the nucleophilic addition reactions of the isolated H⁻ anion, LiH molecule and Li⁺/H⁻ ion pair to acetylene (A) and methylacetylene (MA) molecules, proceeding in accordance (M) and against (aM) the Markovnikov's rule. All structural parameters were optimized using the restricted Hartree–Fock (RHF) method. For the addition of H⁻, the 6-31++G^* basis set was used and for the reactions of LiH and Li⁺/H⁻ the 6-31G^* basis set with the subsequent recalculation of single point energies, taking into account of electron correlation energy by means of the second-order Möller–Plesset perturbation theory at the MP2/6-31++G^** level. The results of calculations demonstrate, that the energy characteristics of both M- and aM-additions with H⁻ do not differ sufficiently (0.1–1.2 kcal/mol for the activation energies (ΔE_a) and the reaction heats (ΔQ)). The substitution of the H atom by the CH₃ group in A molecule results in practically the same values of ΔQ and ΔE_a. On the contrary, for the LiH molecule and Li⁺/H⁻ ionic pair, the M-addition is favorable (charge control). It is found that the presence of electrophile decreases the activation energy by 3–5 kcal/mol as compared with the addition of the isolated hydride ion H⁻.     

Non-empirical molecular orbital studies of the possibility of ferromagnetic ordering in isoelectron-substituted ferrocarbon modifications

The vertical singlet-triplet (ST) splitting in the C₃H₆ molecule and C₂BH⁻₆ and C₂NH⁺₆ ions has been investigated by means of ab initio calculations. The molecular geometry was either taken as that corresponding to the UHF/6-31G^* or UHF/6-31+G^* energy minimum of the triplet configuration (for C₃H₆, C₂BH⁻₆, C₂NH⁺₆), or was extracted from the ferrocarbon crystal (for C₃H₆). Polarized split-valence basis sets (6-31G^*, 6-31+G^* and 6-311G^**) and fourth-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory at the MP4SDTQ level of approximation provides more reliable ST splitting values, than the MP4SDQ level, the latter being the most accurate method used in our previous work. These calculations prove the presence of ferromagnetic ordering within the same quasi-graphite plane of ferrocarbon crystal. The presence of such ordering has been shown within the same quasi-graphite plane upon substitution of sp³ carbon atoms by ions B⁻, N⁺ and so on.