纳米KZnF_3∶Ce~(3+)的制备及其光谱特性

采用微乳液法合成了KZnF3∶Ce3 纳米颗粒.分析了样品的结构与形态,结果表明:所合成的样品为单相,颗粒粒度分布均匀.讨论了光谱特性,并与高温固相法合成的产物作了对比.研究发现KZnF3∶Ce3 纳米晶的发射光谱与体相多晶相比,最强谱峰位置红移约35 nm,谱带半高宽加宽约12 nm.     

CaYAlO4∶Dy3+荧光粉的低温燃烧合成及白光发光性能研究

以乙二醇作为络合剂,尿素作为有机燃料,用低温燃烧法合成了CaYAlO4∶Dy3+白光发光荧光粉.XRD物相分析表明,材料烧结的最佳温度为800℃;不同保温时长的发光表明,合成材料无需保温;尿素的最佳用量与基质CaYAlO4物质的量的比为3∶1.烧结样品为哑铃型的纳米颗粒,中间部分较细,约为20 nm;底部较粗,直径约3...     

BaTiO_3纳米颗粒的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法合成及光催化降解甲基红性能

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法合成了BaTiO3纳米颗粒,利用X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电镜和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对样品进行了表征.结果表明,以柠檬酸酸为络合剂、pH=2且在700°C焙烧时可制备出单相BaTiO3纳米颗粒,其形状较为规整,近似呈球形,平均粒径约为55nm,光学带隙值为3.25eV.以偶氮染料甲基红为目标降解物,研究了BaTiO3纳米颗粒的光催化性能.结果表明,在紫外光照射下该纳米颗粒表现出较高的催化活性,光催化机理主要为光生空穴的直接氧化.     

水热合成法制备纳米α-Fe_2O_3粉体及光催化性能研究

以氯化铁和三乙烯四胺为原料,采用水热合成法制备了纳米α-Fe2O3。对样品进行了XRD、FT-IR、TEM表征分析,并研究了其光催化性能。研究结果表明,随着Fe Cl3与C6H18N4摩尔比的增大,纳米颗粒先增大后减小,当n(Fe Cl3)∶n(C6H18N4)=1∶1,样品为结晶度较好的50~80 nm的近方形颗粒,且分散性较好。当n(Fe Cl3)∶n(C6H18N4)=2∶1,样品颗粒最小,光催化性能最好。随着水热反应时间延长,样品颗粒尺寸减小,当水热反应0.5 h时,样品为形貌不规则、界面不清晰、有毛绒状物质附着的60~70 nm的圆形颗粒,有团聚,结晶度较差。当水热反应1 h时,样品为粒径65 nm左右的近方形均匀块状颗粒,且分散性较好,结晶度较高。继续延长水热反应时间,样品形貌变化且颗粒减小,光催化性能逐渐增强。     

Fe3O4@YF3:Eu3+双功能复合颗粒的制备与性能研究

采用直接沉淀法合成了Fe3 O4@ YF3:Eu3核壳结构磁性-荧光性双功能纳米复合颗粒,对其结构和性能进行了表征.XRD分析表明,得到了结晶良好的尖晶石型Fe3 O4纳米晶和正交相的YF3纳米晶.TEM照片表明,双功能复合颗粒具有明显的核壳结构.构成核的Fe3 O4纳米颗粒尺寸在40 ～80nm之间.Fe3 O4@ YF3:Eu3+核壳结构复合纳米颗粒的尺寸约为100 ～250 nm,壳层YF3:Eu3+厚度介于20 ～30 nm之间.EDS分析表明样品由Y,F,Eu,O和Fe元素组成.荧光光谱和磁性测试结果表明,复合颗粒同时具有良好的发光性和较强的磁性,使其在生物医学领域具有潜在的应用.     

Gd2O3∶Eu3+纳米棒的制备与发光性能

在表面活性剂辅助的水热条件下合成出尺寸均一的Gd2O3∶Eu3+纳米棒, 对其结构和荧光性质进行了表征, 并对其生长机理进行了初步讨论. XRD结果表明, 水热前驱体样品为六方晶相的Gd(OH)3, 经过灼烧之后样品为立方相的Gd2O3. TEM照片表明, 所得样品为直径60 nm、长度约600 nm的纳米棒. 荧光光谱表明, 在波长为254 nm 的紫外光激发下, Gd2O3∶Eu3+纳米棒产生了不同于前驱体的特征红光发射, 对应于Eu3+ 的5D0-7F2跃迁, 表明Gd2O3是红色发光材料的良好基质.     

纳米α-Fe_2O_3的XANES研究

选择纳米α -Fe2 O3体系 ,运用X射线近边吸收谱 (XANES)技术对纳米材料进行分析 .结果表明 ,三种尺寸的纳米α -Fe2 O3样品 (颗粒尺寸分别是 3nm ,10nm和 5 5nm)与粗颗粒商品的氧K边XANES谱的不同之处在于 ,纳米样品出现了一个新的吸收B峰 .研究揭示 ,该峰可能是纳米α -Fe2 O3中晶界部分氧的 2p - 4sp杂化所产生的一个新电子跃迁末态造成的 .进一步的研究表明 ,随着纳米α -Fe2 O3的粒子尺寸减小 ,氧的 2p轨道和铁的 3d轨道杂化增加 ,主要体现在 2p -eg 杂化程度加剧 ,使得纳米颗粒中铁周围的氧配位八面体畸变程度加强 .最后 ,通过对 3nm样品在研磨和不研磨两种制样方式获得的氧K边XANES谱分析 ,证实纳米粒子体系中存在特殊的协同作用力     

纳米Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3∶Pr3+, Na+荧光粉的合成和红色发光性质

采用溶胶-凝胶法在较低温度下合成了Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3∶Pr^3＋,Na^＋纳米荧光粉.金属离子预先分散在溶有柠檬酸的乙二醇溶液中.通过TG-DSC,XRD和SEM对前驱物的分解、晶化和颗粒大小进行了研究.TG-DSC和XRD表明材料的组成随灼烧温度而变化;SEM表明1000 ℃合成材料的粒径在100 nm以下.与高温固相法合成的材料相比,激发光谱主峰发生蓝移,红色发射峰617 nm显著增强.     

PDP用纳米BaMgAl10O17:Eu荧光粉的燃烧合成及发光性能

采用溶液燃烧合成法直接合成了PDP用纳米BaMgAl10O17∶Eu(BAM)荧光粉, 并对产物进行了XRD、TEM分析和发光性能测试. 结果表明, 合成产物由单一的BAM组成, 且结晶完好, 不存在位错、孪晶等缺陷；BAM颗粒近似球形, 平均粒径约为20 nm；在334 nm UV光激发下, 样品的发射峰值波长为450 nm, 归属于Eu2+离子的4f 65d→ 4f 7(8S7/2)宽带允许跃迁, 与稀土三基色荧光材料中的蓝色组分发光完全一致. 与高温固相法相比, 燃烧合成法具有合成温度低, 反应时间短, 所得产物纯净且颗粒细小, 发光强度高等优点.     

β-Ga_2O_3∶Dy~(3+)纳米棒束的制备和光致发光性质

采用水热法及后续热处理制备了-βGa2O3∶Dy3+纳米棒束。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD),场发射电子扫描显微镜(FESEM)、发光光谱等测试手段对-βGa2O3∶Dy3+的物相、形貌、发光性质等进行了研究。FESEM等测试表明水热样品是由直径约100 nm,长约2μm的纳米棒组成的长径比约为3的羟基氧化镓(GaOOH)纳米棒束。经过900℃高温热处理,得到了形貌和尺寸基本保持不变的-βGa2O3∶Dy3+纳米棒束。光致发光测试表明,Dy3+的发光由分别归属于4F9/2-6H15/2的蓝光(460~505 nm,491 nm为最强峰)和4F9/26-H13/2的黄光(570~600 nm,580 nm为最强峰)组成。-βGa2O3基质可以有效地向Dy3+传递能量。与固相法样品相比,采用水热后续热处理方法制备的样品在分散性、形貌、能量传递和寿命方面明显优于固相法样品。     

Synthesis of γγγ-trifluorocarbonyl compounds

γγγ-Trifluorocarbonyl compounds are easily obtained in a good yield by introduction of the 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl moiety (CF₃-CH₂-) on the -methylene group of a ketone.     

Die Kristallstruktur des W3CoB3 und der dazu isotypen Phasen Mo3CoB3, Mo3NiB3 und W3NiB3

Zusammenfassung Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, W₃CoB₃ und W₃NiB₃ kristallisieren in einem eigenen Typ (W₃CoB₃-Struktur). Das trigonal prismatische Bauelement [T ₆B]^* ist zu Ketten vereinigt, wobei B₃-Gruppen entstehen. Die Phasen sind vermutlich Bor-reicher als obiger Formel entspricht.

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The crystal structure of W₃CoB₃ and the isotypic phases Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, and W₃NiB₃

Mo₃CoB₃, Mo₃NiB₃, W₃CoB₃, and W₃NiB₃ were found to possess a new type of crystal structure (W₃CoB₃-structure type). Trigonal prismatic groups [T ₆B]^* are linked together forming chains in such a way that B₃-groups occur. These borides do probably exist with a larger amount of boron as to compared with the formula.

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γ-Nitro-γ-butyrolacton

γ-Nitro-γ-butyrolactone By oxidation of 3-(1-nitro-2-oxocyclohexyl)propanal ( 1 ) with KMnO₄, besides 3-(1′-nitro-2′-oxocyclohexyl)pripionic acid ( 2 ), the complete hydrolysis product 4-oxononanedioic acid ( 4 ) and the oxidized semi-hydrolysis product 5-(2-nitro-5-oxotetrahydro-2-furyl)pentanoic acid ( 3 ) were formed. The crystalline 3 decomposes at r.t. forming 4 and nitrous gases; its structure was established by X-ray determination.     

K3SbSe3, Rb3SbSe3 und Cs3SbSe3 – Synthese und Kristallstruktur

K₃SbSe₃, Rb₃SbSe₃, and Cs₃SbSe₃ – Synthesis and Crystal Structure The compounds K₃SbSe₃, Rb₃SbSe₃ and Cs₃SbSe₃ were synthesized by heating mixtures of Sb₂O₃ and an alkalicarbonate in a stream of hydrogen saturated by selenium in a temperature range between 750 °C and 800 °C. The compounds crystallize isostructural with Na₃AsS₃. A comparison of atomic distances and bond angles with those of the isostructural arsenic and bismuth compounds shows the effect of lone pairs.     

Freezing the polarization of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite films

Thin films of methylammonium lead halides, CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and CH₃NH₃PbI_3-xCl_x, were deposited onto symmetrical microstructured electrode arrays of gold or platinum on Si/SiO₂ wafers. Polarization studies were carried out on perovskite films under vacuum in the dark. For poling, a constant voltage was applied to the samples while the temperature was cycled between 295 K and 4 K. The measured current densities depending on the temperature showed distinct characteristics relating strongly to the crystal phase and the dielectric properties of the perovskite films. Voltage sweeps were carried out at different scan rates at specific temperature intervals after poling. The polarization of the films due to the migration of iodide vacancies in direction of the blocking perovskite/metal interface was frozen almost up to room temperature. Charge carriers were only able to cross the blocking barrier and contribute to the current where the ions have accumulated during poling. All J-V curves showed hysteresis: inverted and regular hysteresis at room temperature and below, respectively. Inverted hysteresis originates from the slow accumulation of ions at the blocking barrier, while regular hysteresis arises from a distortion in the adjacent crystals which will be discussed.     

K3BiSe3, Rb3BiSe3 und Cs3BiSe3 – Substitutionsvarianten des Th3P4-Typs

K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃ – Derivatives of the Th₃P₄ Structure Type The compounds K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃ were synthesized by heating mixtures of Bi₂O₃ and the respective alkalicarbonate in a stream of hydrogen saturated by selenium at 850°C. Thin crystals of the compounds appear red in transmitted light. They crystallize isostructural with Na₃AsS₃, space group P2₁3, lattice constants a = 9.771(5) Å, a = 10.161(3) Å, and a = 10.587(5) Å for K₃BiSe₃, Rb₃BiSe₃, and Cs₃BiSe₃, respectively. The Na₃AsS₃ structure type is a derivative of the Th₃P₄ structure type.     

Synthesis of some derivatives of 3-amino-3-desoxyerythrose and 3-amino-3-desoxy-D-3-erythrose

The synthesis of derivatives of 3-amino-3-deoxy-L-erythrose by LAH or LAD reduction of the oxime of 1,2-O-isopropylidene α-L -glycero-tetros-3-ulofuranose is described.     

3x-pyrrolizin-3-ones

Condensation of pyrrole-2-dithiocarboxylates with CH acids containing ester groups, in the KOH-DMSO system, was used to prepare previously unknown 1-alkylthio-3H pyrrolizin-3-ones. The latter, treated with secondary amines, are readily converted to the corresponding 1-amino derivatives.     

3-H-pyrrolizin-3-ones

Previously unknown 1-alkylthio-3H-pyrrolizin-3-ones have been obtained by the condensation of pyrrole-2-dithiocarboxylates with CH acids containing ester groupings in the KOH-DMSO system. On treating the products with secondary amines they are readily converted into the corresponding 1-amino derivatives.Irkutsk Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk 664033. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 7, pp. 919–924, July, 1996. Original article submitted May 2, 1996.     

Die Akzeptoreigenschaften von AsCl3, AsBr3, asJ3, SbCl3, SbBr3 und SbJ3

Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Enthalpien der Reaktionen von AsCl₃, AsBr₃, AsJ₃, SbCl₃, SbBr₃ und SbJ₃ mit Tributylphosphat, N,N-Dimethylacetamid und Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid bestimmt. Das Verhalten der Addukte bei Gegenwart eines Überschusses der Donoren wird beschrieben.

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Acceptor properties of AsCl₃, AsBr₃, AsI₃, SbCl₃, SbBr₃, and SbI₃

The enthalpies of the reactions of AsCl₃, AsBr₃, AsI₃, SbCl₃, SbBr₃ and SbI₃ with tributylphosphate, N,N-dimethylacetamide and hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide were measured. The behavior of the adducts in the presence of excess donor molecules is described.

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