周边含己氧基的三代光致变色液晶树枝状大分子的光化学

报道了新化合物含108个己氧基端基的三代(G3)碳硅烷光致变色液晶树状大分子在溶液中的反-顺光异构化反应速率常数k_p, 光回复异构化正/逆反应速率常数k_t和k_c, 热回复异构化反应速率常数k_H, 光回复异构化反应平衡常数k_t/k_c, 活化能E, 异构转化率A/A₀及组分比A'/A₀. G3的光致变色反应速率常数的数量级为10^－1 s^－1, 而侧链含偶氮基元的光致变色聚硅氧烷的光致变色反应速率常数的数量级为10^－8 s^－1, 因此G3的光响应速率比后者快10⁷倍.     

三代碳硅烷光致变色液晶树状物的光化学研究——端基含108个4-丁氧基偶氮苯介晶基元

报道了新化合物含108个丁氧基偶氮基元端基的三代(D3)碳硅烷光致变色液晶树状物在各溶液中的反-顺光异构化(光致变色)反应速率常数k_p, 光化学回复异构化正/逆反应速率常数k_t和k_c, 热回复异构化反应速率常数k_H, 光化学回复异构化反应平衡常数k_t/k_c, 活化能E, 异构化转换率及热回复异构化反应中的反-顺异构体组分比. D3的光致变色反应速率常数为10^－1 s^－1, 而含偶氮基元的光致变色液晶聚硅氧烷的光致变色反应速率常数为10^－8 s^－1, 因此, D3的光响应速度比后者快10⁷倍.     

含硝基一代光致变色液晶树枝状大分子的光化学研究

研究了树外围含12个硝基偶氮苯基元新型一代碳硅烷光致变色液晶树枝状大分子G1和基元小分子M1在溶液中的最大吸收波长、摩尔消光系数、反-顺光化学异构化反应速率常数、热回复异构化反应速率常数、光化学回复异构化反应平衡常数及速率常数. G1的光致变色反应速率常数的数量级为10^－1 s^－1, 而含偶氮基元液晶聚硅氧烷的光致变色反应速率常数的数量级为10^－8 s^－1, 因此液晶树枝状大分子的光响应速率比后者快10⁷倍. G1的光回复异构化反应平衡常数k_t /k_c为1.76～1.77, 有作为光控开关材料的应用前景.     

HS+HO2气相反应机理及主通道速率常数的理论研究

采用CCSD(T)/6-311++G(3df, 2pd)//B3LYP/6-311+G(2df, 2p)双水平计算方法构建了HO₂+HS反应体系的单、三重态反应势能面,并对该反应主通道的速率常数进行了研究。研究结果表明,标题反应经历了八条反应通道,其中三重态反应通道R1是标题反应主通道。此通道包含路径Path 1 (R → ³IM1 → ³TS1 → P1(³O₂+H₂S))和Path 1a (R → ³IM1a → ³TS1a → P1(³O₂+H₂S))两条路径。利用经典过渡态理论(TST)与变分过渡态理论(CVT)并结合小曲率隧道效应模型(SCT),分别计算了主路径Path 1和Path 1a在200-800 K温度范围内的速率常数k^TST、k^CVT和k^CVT/SCT,在此温度区间内路径Path 1和Path 1a具有负温度系数效应。速率常数计算结果显示,对主路径Path 1和Path 1a而言,变分效应在计算温度段内有一定影响,与此同时量子力学隧道效应在低温段有显著影响。路径Path 1和Path 1a的CVT/SCT速率常数的三参数表达式分别为k₁^CVT/SCT(200-800 K) = 1.54×10^-5T^-2.70exp(1154/T) cm³ ·molecule^-1·s^-1和k_1a^CVT/SCT(200-800 K) = 5.82×10^-8T^-1.84exp(1388/T) cm³·molecule^-1·s^-1。     

2, 6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶氧基-N-芳基苄胺衍生物的酸催化Smiles重排反应动力学

研究了酸催化下的2, 6-二甲氧基-2-嘧啶氧基-N-芳基苄胺衍生物Smiles重排反应的动力学,考察了盐酸的初始浓度、溶剂、反应温度和取代基对反应速率的影响。结果表明,盐酸的初始浓度增加,重排反应速率加快;在单一溶剂中反应速率的顺序为:甲醇>乙醇>二甲基亚砜>乙腈,而在甲醇/水(1:1, V/V)的混合溶剂中反应速率明显增加,其表观反应速率常数(k_obs)值是甲醇溶剂中的5.27倍;在25-45 ℃温度范围内,各衍生物的反应速率随着温度的升高而加快,其活化能(73.99-76.92 kJ·mol^-1)、活化焓(71.57-74.38 kJ·mol^-1)及Gibbs自由能(81.51-85.77 kJ·mol^-1)数值相近,仅活化熵(-24.38 --47.11 J·K^-1·mol^-1)有一定的差别;取代基常数和表观速率常数之间呈现一定的线性关系,环上吸电子基团的存在有利于反应速率的提高;实验验证了反应机理的合理性。     

樟脑醌/乙二醇-3-吗啡啉基丙酸酯甲基丙烯酸酯引发牙科复合树脂的光聚合动力学研究

采用Photo-DSC研究了樟脑醌(CQ)/乙二醇-3-吗啡啉基丙酸酯甲基丙烯酸酯(EGMPM)可见光引发牙科复合树脂聚合的动力学过程.考察了CQ浓度、EGMPM浓度以及光强对牙科修复复合树脂光聚合动力学的影响.结果表明:增加引发体系的浓度和增加光强都可以增加反应速率和转化率;同时实验结果验证了Rp∝(I₀[CQ][EGMPM])^1/2的动力学关系.     

三氟氯乙烯与乙烯辐射共聚合的研究

本文报导利用⁶⁰Coγ射线引发以三氟三氯乙烷为溶剂的三氟氯乙烯与乙烯溶液共聚合的研究.聚合有诱导期(小于40伦/秒时)而无后效应.平均聚合速率比本体辐射聚合快一倍以上.聚合初速率与辐照强度成0.5次方关系,DPPH完全抑制聚合反应,聚合按自由基机制进行.聚合总活化能为3.5千卡/克分子.求得单体竞聚率γ_OTFE·E=0.025,γ_E·CTFE=0.20,所得共聚物为交替共聚物.共聚物熔点随单体配比中三氟氯乙烯含量的增加而增加,随聚合温度的升高而降低,而与辐照强度和溶剂比关系不大.聚合率(P%)与辐照强度(I)、除去诱导期的辐照时间(t)和溶剂FC-113比例(φ)的关系近似地由下式表示:P%=10⁽-1.28·t^1.23·I^1.12·φ^-0.508熔融指数(M.I.)与辐照温度(T)和溶剂FC-113比例(φ)的关系近似地由下式表示:M.I.=1.586·10^-4·φ^3.3·T^1.78(克/10分).     

Reactive-HALS III: ATMP光聚合动力学研究

以受阻胺哌啶醇衍生物4-(丙烯酰氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯(ATMP)作为聚合单体,利用光差动热分析法(DPC)系统地研究了ATMP的光聚合反应活性和反应动力学规律.结果表明:反应体系的组成和聚合条件对ATMP光聚合动力学有显著的影响;在聚合初期,ATMP光聚合速率同引发剂浓度和辐照光强的平方根呈线性关系;利用DPC测定了ATMP光聚合过程的动力学参数(kp和kt),链终止速率常数kt远大于链增长速率常数kp, kt/kp= 100.01～394.78;kt和kp均随着转化率的增大而减小,但kt的减小幅度大于kp;电子顺磁共振谱(EPR)定量结果表明:原位生成的微量[(2～6)×10-7mol/L]稳定氮氧自由基对ATMP的溶液光聚合过程的阻聚效应不明显.     

Reactive—HALSⅢ：ATMP光聚合动力学研究

以受阻胺哌啶醇衍生物4-(丙烯酰氧基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇酯(ATMP)作为聚合单体,利用光差动热分析法(DPC)系统地研究了ATMP的光聚合反应活性和反应动力学规律.结果表明:反应体系的组成和聚合条件对ATMP光聚合动力学有显著的影响;在聚合初期,ATMP光聚合速率同引发剂浓度和辐照光强的平方根呈线性关系;利用DPC测定了ATMP光聚合过程的动力学参数(kp和kt),链终止速率常数kt远大于链增长速率常数kp, kt/kp= 100.01～394.78;kt和kp均随着转化率的增大而减小,但kt的减小幅度大于kp;电子顺磁共振谱(EPR)定量结果表明:原位生成的微量[(2～6)×10-7mol/L]稳定氮氧自由基对ATMP的溶液光聚合过程的阻聚效应不明显.     

meso-5,10,15,20-四[4-(N-吡咯烷基)苯基]卟啉的合成及对牛血清白蛋白的作用

基于卟啉对癌细胞的特殊亲和作用和吡咯烷化合物的抗肿瘤及抗癌活性,设计并合成了具有吡咯烷结构的新型卟啉化合物--meso-5,10,15,20-四[4-(N-吡咯烷基)苯基]卟啉(TBPPH₂),利用荧光光度法和紫外-可见分光光度法研究了TBPPH₂与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用.实验发现,TBPPH₂利用疏水作用力进入BSA的疏水性腔,与BSA形成配合物并引起BSA的静态荧光猝灭.在TBPPH₂与BSA的相互作用过程中,TBPPH₂与BSA以摩尔比1∶1牢固结合,TBPPH₂与BSA分子中色氨酸间的最近距离r=2.4nm.反应平衡常数K_A=2.51×10⁴L/mol,反应熵变ΔS=84.18J/(mol·K),TBPPH₂与BSA的结合常数K_B=5.13×10⁵L/mol.研究结果表明,吡咯烷基卟啉可能成为一类新型的抗肿瘤及抗病毒药物.     

Effect of UV light scattering during photopolymerization on UV spectroscopy measurements

A photopolymerization reaction involving 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), a hydroxytelechelic polybutadiene (HTPB) and 2,2-dimethyl-2-hydroxyacetophenone (Darocur 1173) as photoinitiator has been investigated by Real Time UV and Real Time IR spectroscopies. For this system, RTUV analyses are completely opposite to the expected curves, namely a decrease in the sample absorbance (photobleaching phenomenon). This apparent contradiction has been explained by a scattering phenomenon inside the sample, which can be linked to the formation of sub-structures that can create local fluctuations of refractive index during the polymerization. A four-flux theory, which takes into account the polymer absorption and scattering properties, has allowed us to describe the UV light intensity variation inside the sample.     

季戊四醇四苯甲酰甲酸酯的合成及光引发性能

大分子光引发剂可以解决小分子光引发剂残留碎片带来的毒性对其在食品和医用材料领域应用的限制,为此,本文以苯甲酰甲酸(BF)和季戊四醇(PET)为原料,通过酰氯法在季戊四醇主链上引入了4个苯甲酰甲酸酯基团,制备了多官能度的季戊四醇四苯甲酰甲酸酯(PTF)大分子光引发剂。 PTF在225 ℃时失重15%,热稳定性优于2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮(1173)光引发剂,与1173光引发剂相比,用PTF作光引发剂所制备的光固化涂料,在起始分解温度以及失去相同比例质量所需温度均提高了100 ℃以上。 PTF引发三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯(TMPTA)聚合时最大反应速率为0.037 s^-1,最终双键转化率为39.5%,PTF光引发活性大于1173光引发剂。 在同等实验条件下,PTF的相对小分子残留量仅为1173光引发剂的5%。     

MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECT ON PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE MICROEMULSION

External magnetic field increases the photo-induced polymerization rate of styrene microemulsion.The type of photoinitiator plays an important role. The photoinitiators, used are dimethoxyphenyl acetophenone(DMPA), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenylketone (Irgacure 184) and dimethylhydroxyacetophenone (Darocur 1173). No magnetic effect was observed by using dibenzylketone (DBK) as photoinitiator. The molecular weight of the polymer is slightly affected by magnetic field. The influence of temperature has also been investigated.     

SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCROSSLINKING OF BENZYL (METH)ACRYLATE SUBSTITUTED POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANES: INFLUENCE OF PHOTOINITIATOR NATURE

ABSTRACT

The photoinduced crosslinking of silicones containing benzyl acrylate and benzyl methacrylate groups in the presence of different usual radical photoinitiators (TEPO, Darocur® 1173, Darocur 4265) and azo-containing polydimethylsiloxanes or mono- and bis(phenylmaleimide) functionalized disiloxanes has been investigated by photocalorimetric measurements. The influence of photoinitiator type, temperature and of the exposure time on the photocrosslinking kinetics was followed.     

The influence of temperature and photoinitiator concentration on photoinitiated polymerization of diacrylate monomer

The behavior of p-methoxybenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide, previously synthesized, as a photoinitiator for the polymerization of diacrylate monomer, in the presence of 3% (w/w) tertiary amine (triethyl amine) as synergist additive, was studied. The influence of temperature in the range 30–90°C at 3% (w/w) photoinitiator concentration and the influence of the photoinitiator concentration in the range 0.5–3.5% (w/w) at 30°C was investigated by differential scanning photocalorimetry (photo-DSC). In all experiments the photopolymerization was performed at constant light intensity (3 mW cm⁻²). The maximum conversion was obtained at temperature of 90°C at 3% (w/w) photoinitiator concentration and 3% (w/w) triethyl amine. The optimal concentration of photoinitiator to obtain maximum conversion was 3% (w/w), at 30°C. No thermal polymerization occurred at higher temperature.     

Photoinitiated dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate: A quick approach to prepare polymer microspheres with narrow size distribution

Photoinitiated dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate was carried out in a mixture of ethanol and water as dispersion medium in the presence of poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as the steric stabilizer and Darocur 1173 as photoinitiator. 93.7% of conversion was achieved within 30 min of UV irradiation at room temperature, and microspheres with 0.94 μm number–average diameter and 1.04 polydispersity index (PDI) were obtained. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) analysis revealed that only parts of surface of the microspheres were covered by PVP. The particle size decreased from 2.34 to 0.98 μm as the concentration of PVP stabilizer increased from 2 to 15%. Extra stabilizer (higher than 15%) has no effect on the particle size and distribution. Increasing medium polarity or decreasing monomer and photoinitiator concentration resulted in a decrease in the particle size. Solvency of reaction medium toward stabilizer, which affects the adsorption of stabilizer on the particle surface, was shown to be crucial for controlling particle size and uniformity because of the high reaction rate in photoinitiated dispersion polymerization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1329–1338, 2008     

基于α-羟烷基苯酮(HAPK)可聚合大分子光引发剂的合成及其引发三丙二醇双丙烯酸酯(TPGDA)光聚合动力学的研究

以α-羟烷基苯酮(HAPK)、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚乙二醇600(PEG600)和丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEA)为原料,通过3步反应,合成了一种可聚合大分子光引发剂:HAPK-TDI-PEG600-TDI-HEA(HTPTH).用IR对反应过程进行了监测.通过Photo-DSC研究了HTPTH引发三丙二醇双丙烯酸酯(TPG-DA)光聚合动力学,考察了光强、引发剂浓度对TPGDA光聚合动力学的影响.结果表明,随着引发剂浓度和光强的增大,最大反应速率对应的转化率、单体最终转化率、最大反应速率都增大,达到最大反应速率所需的时间减小.     

从聚合物分子量评价自由基聚合的链终止反应

本文从聚合物的聚合度与反应速度关系论述了自由基聚合过程中链终止方式,并由此估价自由基聚合机理。令各反应物起始浓度比例固定并同步改变,于是各链转移速度与链增长速度之比(R_(tr)/R_p)_i为常,由此得直线方程: 1/_n=R_t/R_p+K 在稳态条件下,链终止方式可从下述各直线方程估价。双基终止 1/_n=k_t/K_p~2·R_p/(c~2(M))+K 单基终止 1/_n=k_(t)/k_p·1/(c(M))+K 初级自由基终止 1/_n=k_(prt)/k_p·c(R·)/c(M)+K 转移终止 1/_n=K 苦双基终止、单基终止和初级自由基终止反应同时并存,则 1/_n=k_t/k_p~2·R_p/(c~2(M))+k_t/k_p·1/(c(M))+fk_d k_(prt)/k_i·k_p·c(I)/(c~2(M))+K 本实验设计和数据处理方法用以研究自由基聚合的链终止过程,与实验结果和动力学推导十分一政。     

2,2′-二邻甲氧基苯基-4,4′,5,5′-四苯基-1,2′-二咪唑复合光引发体系的光聚合动力学研究

本文研究了对2,2′-二邻甲氧基苯基-4,4′,5,5′-四苯基-1,2′-二咪唑(BMOIM)复合光引发体系引发聚合动力学过程.采用紫外光谱仪对引发剂、供氢体、增感剂在紫外区的吸收谱图进行了表征.利用实时红外光谱仪对复合光引发体系引发聚合动力学过程进行实时监测,考察了不同光强、引发剂浓度以及不同官能度单体对反应速率及最终双键转化率的影响.结果表明,在引发剂浓度为0.6%(质量分数)时,20s内双键转换率达到96%,随着引发剂浓度的提高,聚合速率增大.聚合速率以及最终双键转化率随着光强增大而增大;双官能团单体的最终双键转化率比三官能团单体的最终双键转化率要高.     

Synthesis and photopolymerization kinetics of benzophenone piperazine one‐component initiator

A one‐component type II photoinitiator (PDBP), based on 4‐hydroxybenzophenone (HBP), acryloyl chloride, and piperazine, was synthesized and its structure was confirmed by ¹H‐NMR. The photopolymerization kinetics of the photoinitiator was studied by real‐time Infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). It indicated that PDBP was a more effective photoinitiator than that of BP/triethylamine (TEA). The rate of polymerization, final conversion increased and the induction period shortened with increase in PDBP concentration, light intensity, and amine concentration. The kinetics of photopolymerization for TPGDA incorporating PDBP in the presence of different tertiary amines as the initiating system indicated that the PDBP/TEA combination exhibited the highest polymerization rates among the PDBP/amine combinations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.