一种军械油料快速检测方法研究

采用YX1154油料电导率测定仪研究了组分变化对45号变压器油和通用装备液压油两种油料电导率的影响,探索了电导率与传统测试指标的相关性.结果表明:油品电导率随防锈剂含量变化呈线性增加,并且与油料防锈性能测定结果一致.因此,该方法不仅可用于军用油料的生产质量检测和库存质量监控,而且可作为野战条件下评价油料性能的快速检测方法.     

含氮杂环添加剂抗腐防锈性能的研究进展

对近年来苯并三氮唑类、苯并咪唑类、苯并噻唑类和噻二唑类等含氮杂环添加剂的抗腐防锈性能研究进行了概述,分析了其抗腐防锈机理及研究中存在的问题,并指出其未来发展应基础与应用研究并重,积极开展环境友好、综合性能良好的含氮杂环添加剂的研究。     

基于能量转移机理的水溶性荧光共轭聚合物体系的设计制备及应用

水溶性共轭聚合物由于具有优异的光学性能,如强大的光捕获能力和独特的分子线效应,在化学、生物和医疗领域都有良好的应用前景。共轭聚合物受光激发后,所产生的激子可以沿着长程共轭的π骨架自由迁移,在分子骨架的任何位点都可以转移给能量受体,从而实现高效的能量传递。因此,水溶性共轭聚合物适合于构建各种能量传递体系,从而实现荧光信号放大、多色发光、活性氧产生效率提高等光学性能的优化。本文简述了基于水溶性共轭聚合物构建能量转移体系的原理和方法,总结了其在生物传感、生物成像、光动力杀菌和光动力抗癌等领域的应用,最后对水溶性共轭聚合物存在的主要问题以及未来的发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

水溶性银纳米材料的制备及抗菌性能研究进展

综述了近年来水溶性银纳米材料的研究进展;主要介绍了水溶性银纳米材料的制备方法、产物形貌和作为抗菌材料的应用,并对其发展前景作了展望.指出水溶性银纳米材料的制备方法主要有相转移法、化学还原法等;合成得到的Ag纳米材料呈球形、线形、棒状、三角形、立方形和树枝晶状等多种形貌.作为一类性能优异的新型抗菌材料,水溶性Ag纳米材料的抗菌性能与其粒径和形貌相关.     

石莼吸附脱色处理水溶性染料

本文以大型海藻石莼作吸附剂，对结晶紫等7种不同结构的水溶性染料分子的单水溶液和模拟混合染料废水进行吸附脱色研究，探讨了吸附剂的性能和影响吸附脱色效果的有关因素。结果表明，石莼对大多数水溶性染料具有良好的吸附脱色效果，而且COD去除率高，在染料废水处理中应用前景广阔。     

高效液相色谱法测定防锈纸中苯三唑和苯甲酸(盐)的含量

<正>防锈纸是一种能够防止金属材料发生锈蚀的功能防护用纸。防锈纸有接触型防锈纸和气相防锈纸两种。目前国内外生产和使用得最多的防锈纸是气相防锈纸,气相防锈纸的核心成分为气相缓蚀剂,由于单独使用一种气相缓蚀剂往往不能满足气相防锈纸的某种要求,因此气相缓蚀剂一般采用多种联用的方式来弥补这一不足^[1-5],苯三唑、苯甲酸(盐)是最常用的两种缓蚀剂。苯三唑属于有机杂环化合物,对铜、银、钢、锌、锡等金属均有缓蚀效果,复配使用时具有更高的缓蚀效率,     

多单元气相缓蚀剂的合成,气相缓蚀能力及电化学研究

以吗啉 ,甲醛和环己胺作原料 ,合成N ,N_二 (4_吗啉甲基 )_环己胺 (BMMCH) ,应用红外光谱和氢核磁共振谱表征其结构 ,并由气相防锈甄别实验和气相防锈能力试验考察其气相防锈性能 ;采用密闭空间挥发减量实验 ,比较其气化挥发能力 .结果表明 ,BMMCH对碳钢具有较好的防锈效果 ;其挥发能力较亚硝酸二环己胺弱 .另通过碳钢在模拟大气腐蚀水中的极化曲线测试 ,发现BMMCH的存在导致碳钢电极的腐蚀电位负移 ,对阴极过程能起抑制作用 ,同时降低了阳极钝化区的电流密度 .电化学阻抗谱研究表明 ,BMMCH对碳钢具有较好成膜稳定性     

AA-AM-AN三元共聚物的合成及其溶液性能的研究

采用自由基水溶液共聚法制备了水溶性丙烯酸－丙烯酰胺－丙烯腈共聚物。对聚合反应温度、引发剂用量、尿素用量、聚合物浓度、电解质浓度、剪切速率、温度等因素对聚合物溶液性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明,合成的水溶性聚合物具有良好的增稠作用及耐温抗盐抗剪切等性能。     

水溶性聚合物热稳定性研究进展

水溶性聚合物广泛应用于石油开采、水处理、造纸、印染以及医药等领域,该类聚合物热稳定性问题直接关系到其在高温环境下的应用性能,因此具有重要的研究意义和应用价值。本文选取了几类具有代表性的水溶性聚合物,详细综述了其热稳定性的研究进展,重点分析了不同类型的水溶性聚合物的热降解机理,并探讨了分子结构和外添加剂对热稳定性能的影响,最后对其发展前景进行了展望。     

离子液体及离子液体膜在天然气净化方面的应用

天然气净化对天然气这一清洁、高效的一次能源及我国快速增长的消费需求具有重要的战略意义。离子液体因挥发性低、溶解能力强、结构和性质可调控性强等优点,在离子液体膜净化气体方面获得高度关注。本文系统地总结了离子液体膜富集分离CO₂及其他气体的性能,包括常规离子液体、功能化离子液体、聚合物离子液体、离子液体混合物;讨论了离子液体结构(如阳离子取代基链长、取代基对称性、阴离子结构大小、阴离子氟化)、膜支撑材料性能(如水溶性、孔径大小)及水含量等因素对膜性能的影响;对各种方法的优缺点及使用条件进行详细的阐述;并提出今后离子液体膜在气体净化方面的发展方向。     

The Cadmium Oxide Route to Alkali Metal Oxometallates with Uncommon Structural Features

The aim of this research report is to give an introduction to a specific solid state reaction applied in the field of alkali metal rich transition metal compounds. The approach is an explorative investigation of the oxidation of transition metals with CdO in the presence of alkali metal oxides and / or compounds with complex anions such as Na₂SO₄. Thereby, a range of unusual compounds have been obtained and structurally characterized. In particular, low valences and uncommon coordination numbers (C.N.) of the late 3d transition metals, as well as interesting varieties in the anionic part of the structures are accessible. The presented examples were selected mainly in order of their inherent aspects concerning the reactivity, structural features or electronic structures.     

燃烧过程中碱/碱土金属对重金属迁移转化影响的研究进展

碱/碱土金属广泛存在于各种固体燃料中，在燃烧过程中碱/碱土金属与燃料中重金属及其他矿物发生复杂的物理化学反应，从而影响重金属的迁移和转化。本研究主要介绍了碱/碱土金属对As、Se、Pb和Cr四种重金属迁移转化的影响规律，包括碱金属和碱土金属对重金属迁移转化的影响，颗粒物团聚与黏结对重金属排放的影响三个方面。碱/碱土金属能够抑制重金属的挥发：碱金属与Cl元素的结合，降低了PbCl₂的生成；碱金属的存在有利于提升高岭土对Pb的吸附效率；碱/碱土金属可以与As和Se形成稳定的化合物。但同时需要注意碱/碱土金属与Cr的部分结合产物中，Cr以六价态存在，具有较高的毒性。碱/碱土金属对于团聚现象发生，分别起到了促进和抑制作用，适当含量的碱金属有利于减少重金属的释放。通过总结碱/碱土金属对重金属迁移转化的影响规律，以期为降低重金属的危害提供思路。     

二元合金Ag_(50)Rh_(50)从液态到非晶的分子动力学计算

本文对贵重金属银铑合金Ag50Rh50的液态结构和激冷过程进行了分子动力学模拟研究原子间作用势采用紧束缚势模拟在施加了周期性边界条件的常压状态下进行。采用了偶关联函数、键对分析技术和键取向序参数以分子动力学模拟计算方法揭示了Ag50Rh50的液态结构存在原子偏聚特征以及在快速凝固过程形成原子偏聚的不均匀非晶并与同族过渡金属进行了非晶形成能力的比较。     

Solution extraction of transition and post-transition heavy and precious metals by chelate and macrocyclic ligands

This review focuses on compounds and methods that can be used for the extraction and separation from solution of two classes of elements that we define as heavy metals and precious metals. These elements are often targeted because they are toxic, costly, and their coordination chemistry has already been well studied, and because there is a need to develop methods of economically extracting, separating and recovering them from waste sites. This review outlines possible strategies that can be used, and reviews the present literature regarding the available methods for their extraction.     

Monitoring and statistical evaluation of heavy metals in airborne particulates in Cairo, Egypt

Airborne particulate material was monitored as total suspended particles and particulate matter less than 10 μm at selected sites in Cairo. The selected sites represent heavily industrial and industrial–residential areas of Cairo, Egypt. The filters were further analyzed for lead, cadmium, zinc and nickel using ion chromatography. The chosen method was modified to improve resolution and decrease the retention time. The data obtained were treated statistically using one-way analysis of variance and correlated with the anthropological and industrial activities of the sites. The concentrations of the heavy metals are studied in terms of particle size, time dependence, and safety.     

Utilization of olive pomace in nano MgO modification for sorption of Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal ions from aqueous solutions

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and modified by olive pomace (NMOOP700) as a novel sorbent and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, X-ray Diffraction, Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis. Sorption of Cu (II) or Ni (II) ions were achieved taking into account important parameters including initial pH of the medium, contact time, initial metal ion concentration and temperature. A comparative study between Magnesium oxide nanoparticles and NMOOP700 material for the sorption of Cu (II) or Ni (II) ions was implemented. The obtained data revealed that the sorption process is significantly improved using NMOOP700. The monolayer capacity of Ni (II) and Cu (II) metal ions on NMOOP700 at pH 5 were found to be 149.93 ± 4.4 and 186.219 ± 6.3 mg/g, respectively. Findings of the present work highlight the potential use of NMOOP700 as a novel and effective sorbent material for the removal of Cu (II) or Ni (II) ions from the liquid phase.     

ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structure Calculations for the Ternary Intermetallic Compounds A2MX and AMX2 (A: Li; M: Rh,Pd, Ir,Pt; X: Al,Ga, In) Using Density‐Functional Theory.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.     

Response of polyacrylamide—acyclic poly(oxyethylene)-coated ion-selective electrodes to alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in propylene carbonate and its thermodynamic application

The response of ion-selective electrodes with a membrane of polyacrylamide (PAA) coupled to acyclic poly(oxyethylene) neutral carriers to lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and barium ions in propylene carbonate (PC) was investigated. Tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether (POE4) and hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (POE6) were used as the acyclic poly(oxyethylene). Both the PAA-POE4 and the PAA-POE6 electrodes showed a more rapid dynamic response in PC than that in acetonitrile. Nernstian responses to lithium, magnesium and barium ions were obtained with the PAA-POE4 electrode. The selectivity coefficients, logk_Ba²⁺,M^x+, for lithium, sodium, potassium and magnesium ions vs. barium ion obtained in PC with the PAA-POE4 electrode were 3.6, 0.23, 0.02 and 1.1, respectively. The PAA-POE4 electrode was applied to obtain the successive formation constants of the barium ion in PC with N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMA). From the successive formation constants obtained in PC-rich solutions, the Gibbs free energies of transfer of the barium ion from PC to DMA and to PC-DMA mixtures were calculated. The electrode was also used to obtain directly the Gibbs free energies of transfer of the barium ion from PC to PC-DMA mixtures. The calculated values of the free energies were in good agreement with the values obtained experimentally, suggesting that the electrode responded to variations in solvation energy for the barium ion.