全氟磺酸树脂Nafion NR50溶解的制备

研究了全氟磺酸树脂NafionNR50溶液的制备过程,通过考察不同的溶剂 体系,得到了5种对NafionNR50具有良好溶解作用的溶剂体系,即40％－70％水＋60％－30％乙醇、40％－70％水＋60％－30％正丙醇、10％－70％水＋90％－30％异丙醇、30％－70％水＋60％－20％正丙醇＋10％甲醇和10％－70％水＋80％－20％异丙醇＋10％甲醇。适宜的溶解温度为230－250℃,溶解时间为4h。在溶解的过程中,NR50催化醇发生异构化、醚化和脱水等反应,甲醇起到促进NR50溶胀进而加速其溶解的作用。     

除草剂中间体R-(+)-2-(4-羟基苯氧基)丙酸酯的不对称合成

报道了一种合成苯氧丙酸类除草剂重要中间体R－（＋）－2－（4－羟基苯氧基）丙酸乙酯（即R－（＋）－HPE）的方法，以L－乳酸为起始原料，先经酯化合成L－乳酸乙酯，再与对甲苯磺酰氯反应制备L－对甲苯磺酰乳酸乙酯，再与对苯二酚综合获得R－（＋）－2－HPE，产品的总收率为72.1%。通过元素分析和红外光谱测定，确定了所合成的R－（＋）－HPE的化学结构和纯度；由旋光度的测定，确定了所合成的R－（＋）－HPE的光学纯度为95.7%。     

Cu-ZSM-5分子筛上[Cu-O-Cu]~(2 )物种的原位红外光谱研究

通过原位监测Cu－ZSM－5分子筛的振动红外光谱随温度及不同处理条件的变化情况，观察到［Cu－O－Cu］2＋物种的形成过程，即两个Cu（OH）＋在脱水过程中经二聚形成［Cu－O－Cu］2＋.低交换度样品开始产生［Cu－O－Cu］2＋物种所需脱水温度较高,通过观察不同处理条件对［Cu－O－Cu］2＋的影响，说明Cu2＋是通过脱出［Cu－O－Cu］2＋中的超晶格氧而被还原为Cu＋,较高温度时［Cu－O－Cu］2＋中的超晶格氧能与气相中的氧达到某种平衡.超晶格氧的脱出性能是影响Cu－ZSM－5分子筛上铜价态变化的重要因素．     

PuX~ (X=H,O,N,C)的结构与势能函数

用密度泛函B3LYP方法对PuX＋(X=H,O,N,C)分子离子体系进行了理论研究.结果表明,这些分子离子的基态电子状态分别是X 7Σ－(PuH＋)、X 6Σ－(PuO＋)、X 5Σ＋(PuN＋)和X 8Σ－(PuC＋);势能函数为Murrell-Sorbie势函数.并得到了相应的几何性质、力学性质和光谱数据.     

铈离子清除超氧物自由基的机理

以光辐照核黄素作为超氧物自由基（Ｏ－２）源，研究了Ｃｅ３＋、Ｃｅ４＋对硝基四氮唑蓝（ＮＢＴ）还原、羟胺氧化的抑制作用和铈离子存在时Ｈ２Ｏ２含量、核黄素光分解、溶解氧消耗的变化以及铈离子价态的变化。从而得知，铈离子可清除Ｏ－２，其机理为：Ｃｅ３＋供给Ｏ－２电子氧化为Ｃｅ４＋，Ｏ－２还原为Ｈ２Ｏ２；Ｃｅ４＋从Ｏ－２获得电子还原为Ｃｅ３＋，Ｏ－２氧化为Ｏ２。所以微量的铈离子可清除大量的Ｏ－２。     

单柱离子排斥-阳离子交换色谱法测定酸雨组分

采用单柱离子色谱系统和电导检测的方法,首次以ＤＬ－苹果酸－甲醇水溶液为淋洗液,简便、有效地同时分离、检测了溶液ＳＯ＾－２４、Ｃｌ＾－、ＮＯ＾－３、Ｆ＾－、Ｎａ＾＋、ＮＨ＾＋４、Ｋ＾＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋９种离子。研究了ＤＬ－苹果酸浓度、甲醇浓度、流速和温度对各离子保留时间的影响。方法用于上海部分地区降水中的阴、阳离子分析,并与其它方法对比,结果良好。     

手性硫代磷酸及其衍生物的研究（Ⅻ）：杀虫剂O—甲基S—丙…

以奎宁和番木鳖碱为拆分试剂，成功地拆分了外消旋的Ｏ－甲基Ｏ－苯基硫代磷酸２。拆分的酸（＋）－２（－）－２在甲醇钠存在下与溴丙烷反应。分别得到旋光活性的（－）－Ｏ－甲基Ｓ－丙基Ｏ－苯基硫代磷酸酯１和（＋）－１。通过化学相关法确定了１的绝对构型为（－）－（Ｓ）和（＋）－（Ｒ）。     

铽—镧—磺基水杨酸共发荧光体系的研究和应用

研究发现,稀土离子Ｌａ＾３＋的存在可使二元配合物Ｔｂ＾２＋－磺基水杨酸体系的荧光强度增强５７倍,通过试验确定了Ｔｂ＾３＋－Ｌａ＾３＋磺基水杨酸共发荧光体系的形成条件与影响因素,并研究了该体系的荧光特性。在最佳条件下,Ｔｂ＾３＋浓度在４．８×１０＾－１０－８．０×１０＾－７ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１范围内与荧光强度成正相关关系,检出限为１．１×１０＾－１０ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１。利用该体系完成了合成样品与 标准稀土氧化     

Cu-ZSM-5分子筛上[Cu-O-Cu]2+物种的原位红外光谱研究

通过原位监测Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５分子筛的振动动红外光谱随温度及不同处理条件的变化情况,观察到［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋物种的形成过程,即两个Ｃｕ（ＯＨ）＾＋在脱水过程中经二聚形成［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋,低交换度样品开始产生［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋物种所需脱水温度较高,通过观察不同处理条件对［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋的影响,说明Ｃｕ＾２＋是通过脱出［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋中的超各氧而被还原为Ｃｕ＾＋,较高     

采用毛细管电泳电堆集富集技术分离与测定雪样中的痕量阳离子

以咪唑为背景电解质,以α－羟基异丁酸和１８－冠醚－６为络合剂,采用毛细管离子电泳间接紫外法,研究了发样中痕量ＮＨ４＾＋、Ｋ＾＋、Ｃａ＾＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋分离与测定的方法。通过向缓冲液中加入甲醇,使Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｎａ＾＋迁移顺序发生反转,有利于在Ｃａ＾２＋的浓度较高时少量Ｎａ＾＋的测定。采用电堆集富集技术,各离子的检测限达１×１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。以Ｌｉ＾＋作为内标,采用标准加入法对地样中的痕量阳离子进行     

箬竹叶中黄酮类化合物的高效液相色谱分析

用高效液相色谱法，以苯基柱为固定相，甲醇－水为流动相，并应用二极管阵列检测技术，分离和制备了箬竹叶中８种黄酮类化合物，经结构鉴定，确证６种为结构相近的黄酮甙类化合物，并以其中的芦丁的为标准，测定了８种黄酮类化合物在箬竹叶中的含量。     

Determination the Total Flavonoids from Stem and Leaf of Artabotrys.haimanensis

The Annonaccac family is a main one of the tropical plants flora and there are totally 127 genus, about 2231 species in the world, wildly distributed in the tropical zone and subtropics areas.China is one of the countries where species of this family are mostly distributed, with 24 genus, 103 species and 6 variant, among which, 45 species and 1 variant are endemic to China. There are about 100 types of plants of Artabotrys genus in the world, among which, 10 species are in China. Scholars from home and abroad have found a series of new substance of biological activities in the plants of Annonaccac family with antimalarial, anti-tumor, anti-leukemia and obvious cardiotonic effects,which has aroused great interest. Plants of Artabotrys genus, Artabotrys Hainanensis are endemic to Hainan, distributed widely in Hainan Island. They have long been used among the ordinary people as medicinal plants with antipyretic, antidotal, antiphlogistic and analgesic effects. The flavonoid is a very important secondary metabolite in plants with many physiological activities such as fat-reduction, antithrombus, antioxidant and blood-sugar-reduction. This paper studies the total flavonoids from stem and leaf of Artabotrys by spectrophotometry. Artabotrys Hainanensis R.E.Fries were collected from Hainan Jianfeng Mountain and were identified. Spectrophotometry was used to determination of the total flavonoids from stem and leaf of Artabotrys. The total flavonoids of Artabotrys were tested with rutin as check sample. By adding aluminium ion agent and controling proper pH, the flavonoids and the aluminium ion were combined into complex compound and the characteristic absorption peak was obtainable in the visible spectrum. The total flavonoids from stem and leaf of Artabotrys were determined to be 2.29% in stem and 6.83% in leaf. The regression equation was Y=0.000786A+0.0058, and the correlation coefficient r=0.9997. This method is easily operated and the result determined is stable and accurate.     

反相高效液相色谱分析杨梅叶中抗氧化成分黄酮类化合物

以反相高效液相色谱法，用ＲＰ－Ｃ１８柱为固定相，甲醇－水－甲酸为流动相，辅之以二极 管阵列紫外检测技术，从杨梅叶中分离和制备了四种黄酮酸忒和一种黄酮醇，经波谱分析确 定了化学结构，并以蒽为内标测定了杨梅叶中五种黄酮类化合物的含量．用油脂氧化酸败测 定仪（Ｍｅｔｒｏｈｍ Ｒａｎｃｉｍａｔ）测定抗氧化性能，５种黄酮类化合物均为优良的天然抗氧化剂。     

Supplementary Far-Red and Blue Lights Influence the Biomass and Phytochemical Profiles of Two Lettuce Cultivars in Plant Factory

Three different LED spectra (W: White light; WFR: W + far-red light; WB: W + blue light) with similar photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) were designed to explore the effects of supplementary far-red and blue lights on leaf color, biomass and phytochemicals of two cultivars of red-leaf lettuce (“Yanzhi” and “Red Butter”) in an artificial lighting plant factory. Lettuce plants under WB had redder leaf color and significantly higher contents of pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll (a + b) and anthocyanins. The accumulation of health-promoting compounds, such as vitamin C, vitamin A, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and anthocyanins in the two lettuce cultivars were obviously enhanced by WB. Lettuce under WFR showed remarkable increase in fresh weight and dry weight; meanwhile, significant decreases of pigments, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids and vitamin C were found. Thus, in the plant factory system, the application of WB can improve the coloration and quality of red leaf lettuce while WFR was encouraged for the purpose of elevating the yield of lettuce.     

HPLC analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids and aldehydes inEucalyptus spp.

Summary Standards of the polyphenols occurring in wood, bark and leaf extracts ofEucalyptus spp. (i.e. flavonoids and phenolic acids and aldehydes) have been analyzed by HPLC using reversed phase columns, gradient elution and diode-array detection. The conditions used are reported.     

Dynamic Microwave-assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from Radix Scutellariae

IntroductionRadix Scutellariaeis the root ofScutellaria bai-calensis Georgi(Labiatae), which is widely cultivatedand used as traditional Chinese medicine. It has beendemonstrated to be anti-inflammatory, anti-metamor-phic, antiviral, anti-hot, and live pr…     

Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root from different varieties of Labisa pumila Benth

A local herb, Kacip Fatimah, is famous amongst Malay women for its uses in parturition; however, its phytochemical contents have not been fully documented. Therefore, a study was performed to evaluate the phenolics, flavonoids, and total saponin contents, and antibacterial and antifungal properties of the leaf, stem and root of three varieties of Labisia pumila Benth. Total saponins were found to be higher in the leaves of all three varieties, compared to the roots and stems. Leaves of var. pumila exhibited significantly higher total saponin content than var. alata and lanceolata, with values of 56.4, 43.6 and 42.3 mg diosgenin equivalent/g dry weight, respectively. HPLC analyses of phenolics and flavonoids in all three varieties revealed the presence of gallic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, and myricetin in all plant parts. Higher levels of flavonoids (rutin, quercitin, kaempferol) were observed in var. pumila compared with alata and lanceolata, whereas higher accumulation of phenolics (gallic acid, pyrogallol) was recorded in var. alata, followed by pumila and lanceolata. Antibacterial activities of leaf, stem and root extracts of all varieties determined against both Gram positive (Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis B145, Bacillus cereus B43, Staphylococcus aureus S1431) and Gram negative (Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia K36, Escherichia coli E256, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PI96) pathogens showed that crude methanolic extracts are active against these bacteria at low concentrations, albeit with lower antibacterial activity compared to kanamycin used as the control. Antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of all plant parts against Fusarium sp., Candida sp. and Mucor using the agar diffusion disc exhibited moderate to appreciable antifungal activities compared to streptomycin used as positive control.     

刺五加叶黄酮脂质体和滴丸的药动学差异比较

采用液质联用(LC-MS/MS)方法,分析刺五加叶黄酮脂质体、刺五加叶滴丸和刺五加叶黄酮提取物经大鼠灌胃给药后其主要成分金丝桃苷的药代动力学和生物利用度,考察刺五加叶黄酮的适宜剂型。用PKsolver软件进行药代动力学数据处理,大鼠灌胃刺五加叶黄酮提取物、刺五加叶滴丸和刺五加叶黄酮脂质体后测得金丝桃苷的最大血药浓度(C_(max))分别为(210.24±10.3)、(254.12±9.2)、(349.34±12.5)μg/L;0~t时间内药时曲线面积(AUC_(0-t))分别为(30.7±2.7)、(35.01±1.98)、(45.2±2.8)μg/(m L·min);平均驻留时间(MRT)分别为(334.42±75.36)、(394.56±90.26)和(640.35±84.26)min。结果表明,刺五加叶黄酮脂质体血药达峰浓度增加,清除速率降低,药时曲线下面积加大,生物利用度显著提高,脂质体有望成为刺五加叶黄酮的适宜剂型。     

Phytochemical Investigation and Biological Activities of Lantana rhodesiensis

Lantana rhodesiensis Moldenke is a plant widely used to treat diseases, such as rheumatism, diabetes, and malaria in traditional medicine. To better understand the traditional uses of this plant, a phytochemical study was undertaken, revealing a higher proportion of polyphenols, including flavonoids in L. rhodesiensis leaf extract and moderate proportion in stem and root extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was also determined using three different assays: the radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, the FRAP method (Ferric-reducing antioxidant power) and the β-carotene bleaching test. The anti-malarial activity of each extract was also evaluated using asexual erythrocyte stages of Plasmodium falciparum, chloroquine-sensitive strain 3D7. The results showed that the leaf extract exhibited higher antioxidant and anti-malarial activities in comparison with the stem and root extracts, probably due to the presence of higher quantities of polyphenols including flavonoids in the leaves. A positive linear correlation was established between the phenolic compound content (total polyphenols including flavonoids and tannins; and total flavonoids) and the antioxidant activity of all extracts. Furthermore, four flavones were isolated from leaf dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions: a new flavone named rhodescine (5,6,3′,5′-tetrahydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone) (1), 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone (2), 5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone (3), and 5,6,3′-trihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavone (4). Their structures were elucidated by ¹H, ¹³CNMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and MS-EI spectral methods. Aside from compound 2, all other molecules were described for the first time in this plant species.     

Response surface optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Sparganii rhizoma and evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant activities

An efficient ultrasound-assisted extraction technique was employed to extract total flavonoids from Sparganii rhizoma. The optimum extraction conditions for the highest yield of total flavonoids were ethanol concentration 53.62%, ultrasonication time 29.41 min and ultrasound power 300 W, which were determined using response surface methodology. The extraction yields of the optimal ultrasound-assisted extraction were higher than using conventional extraction. The crude extract was then purified on a polyamide resin, whereby the flavonoids content in the purified extract increased to 94.62%. The antioxidant activities of the purified flavonoids including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, reducing power, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide anion scavenging activity, were evaluated in vitro, which suggested that the flavonoids showed significant antioxidant activities. Rutin, kaempferol and formononetin were identified in the extract by comparing relative retention times and UV-Vis spectra with those of reference standards.