Structures of the BrF(4)(+) and IF(4)(+) cations

The large discrepancies between the calculated and observed structures for BrF(4)(+) and IF(4)(+) (Christe, K. O.; Zhang, X.; Sheehy, J. A.; Bau, R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 6338) prompted a redetermination of the crystal structures of BrF(4)(+)Sb(2)F(11)(-) (monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 5.2289(6) A, b = 14.510(2) A, c = 14.194(2) A, beta = 90.280(1) degrees, Z = 4) and IF(4)(+)SbF(6)(-) (orthorhombic, Ibca, a = 8.2702(9) A, b = 8.3115(9) A, c = 20.607(2) A, Z = 8). It is shown that for BrF(4)(+), the large differences were mainly due to large errors in the original experimental data. For IF(4)(+)SbF(6)(-), the geometry previously reported for IF(4)(+) was reasonably close to that found in this study despite a very large R-factor of 0.15 and a refinement in an incorrect space group. The general agreement between the calculated and the redetermined geometries of BrF(4)(+) and IF(4)(+) is excellent, except for the preferential compression of one bond angle in each ion due to the influence of interionic fluorine bridges. In BrF(4)(+), the fluorine bridges are equatorial and compress this angle. In IF(4)(+), the nature of the fluorine bridges depends on the counterion, and either the axial (in IF(4)(+)SbF(6)(-)) or the equatorial (in IF(4)(+)Sb(2)F(11)(-)) bond angle is preferentially compressed. Therefore, the geometries of the free ions are best described by the theoretical calculations.     

对氨基偶氮苯印迹聚合物的吸附特性及在痕量检测中的应用

采用本体聚合法以α-甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂合成了对氨基偶氮苯的分子印迹聚合物,成功分离了印迹分子和结构相似物甲基橙,并考察了流动相组成、pH、温度和流速对分离效果的影响。用静态吸附法和Scatchard分析考察了对氨基偶氮苯在印迹聚合物上的结合特性。建立了一种在线富集痕量对氨基偶氮苯的分析方法,回收率85%以上。样品只需要过滤处理就可用于富集检测,实现了快速的痕量分析。     

Structures of 2-hydroxypyridine and its vinyl derivatives

The PMR, Raman, and UV absorption spectra of 2-hydroxypyridine and its vinyl derivatives were investigated. Their electrochemical reduction was studied, and a quantum-chemical analysis of them was performed. It was concluded that the structure of 2-hydroxypyridine in proton-donor solvents is mesomeric, and its wave function, to a first approximation, is a linear combination of the wave functions of the 2-pyridone and zwitterion models. The contribution of the wave functions of each of the models depends substantially on the concentration of the solution and the nature of the solvent. An assumption was made regarding the presence of dynamic conjugation between the vinyl group and the ring in vinyl derivatives of 2-hydroxypyridine.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 95–102 January, 1972.     

Electrochemical behavior of 2'-halogenated derivatives of N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene at mercury electrode.

The electrochemical behavior of 2'-halogeno-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene derivatives was investigated using various polarographic and voltammetric methods. The peak potentials of these derivatives were observed to shift towards negative values along with an increase in the pH. A reduction of the azo linkage took place via two electrons at pH > 4, but four electrons at pH < 4 in aqueous-ethanol mixtures. The standard rate constants were determined with (Laviron technique) or without (Nicholson technique) taking the adsorption phenomena into account. The diffusion coefficients were calculated from the cyclic voltammetric data using a method developed by Garrido. The amount of adsorbed substances and transfer coefficients for the electron transfer were also determined. A mechanism for the electrode reaction is proposed. These compounds can be quantitatively determined between 1 x 10(-5) M and 1 x 10(-7) with DPP and CV.     

Oxidative polymerization of 4-aminoazobenzene under the action of iodine

Chemical oxidative polymerization of 4-aminoazobenzene under the action of iodine was studied for the first time. Samples of poly(4-aminoazobenzene) with different molecular mass depending on the reaction conditions were obtained. Their structures were studied by means of the IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopy and viscometry. The polymers obtained contain mainly imino-1,4-phenylenazo-1,4-phenylene units. Together with the polymers, 3-iodo-4-aminoazobenzene is also formed.     

Assembly behavior of inclusion complexes of beta-cyclodextrin with 4-hydroxyazobenzene and 4-aminoazobenzene

To further reveal the factors governing the supramolecular assembly of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) inclusion complexes, two aggregates (1 and 2) were prepared from the inclusion complexes of beta-CD with 4-hydroxyazobenzene and 4-aminoazobenzene, respectively, and their binding behavior were investigated by means of X-ray analysis, UV-vis, NMR, and circular dichroism spectra in both solution and the solid state. The obtained results indicated that the beta-CD/4-hydroxyazobenzene complex 1 could form head-to-head dimers (triclinic system, space group P1) in the solid state, which were further self-assembled to a linear supramolecular architecture by the intra- and interdimer hydrogen bond interactions as well as the intradimer pi-pi interactions. However, when the included guest 4-hydroxyazobenzene was switched to a 4-aminoazobenzene, the resultant beta-CD/4-aminoazobenzene complex 2 (monoclinic system, space group P2(1)) could be self-assembled to a wave-type supramolecular aggregate under similar conditions. Furthermore, the combination of crystallographic and spectral investigations jointly revealed the inclusion complexation geometry of beta-CD with 4-hydroxyazobenzene and 4-aminoazobenzene in both solution and the solid state, which demonstrated that the disparity of substituents in the azobenzenes played an important role in the inclusion complexation and molecular assembly, affecting not only the structural features of aggregates but also the binding abilities of azobenzenes with beta-CD.     

Electrosynthesis of 4-iodopyrazole and its derivatives

Electrosynthesis of 4-iodo-substituted pyrazoles has been accomplished by iodination of the corresponding precursors on a Pt-anode in aqueous solutions of KI under conditions of the diaphragm galvanostatic electrolysis. Efficiency of the process depends on the donor-acceptor properties of substituents and their positions in the pyrazole ring. Thus, iodination of pyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 3-nitropyrazole, 1-methylpyrazole, 1,3-dimethylpyrazole, pyrazole-3(5)-carboxylic acid or methyl esters furnished 4-iodo derivatives in 57, 86, 2, 5, 35, 30, and 40% yields, respectively.     

Synthesis of 4-aminoquinuclidine and its derivatives

Two methods for preparing 4-aminoquinuclidine from quinuclidine-4-carboxylic acid have been developed. Acyl and alkyl derivatives of 4-aminoquinuclidine have been synthesized.     

Association of anions of phenolsulfonephthalein and its alkyl-substituted derivatives with single-charged cations of polymethines

The interaction of single- and double-charged anions (HAn⁻, An²⁻) of sulfonephthaleins (phenolsulfonephthaleins and its alkyl-substituted derivatives, viz., o-cresolsulfonephthalein and thymolsulfonephthalein) with single-charged cations (Ct⁺) of polymethines (pinacyanol, quinaldine red) was studied. The interaction in an aqueous solution affords heteroassociates of stoichiometric composition (Ct⁺)·HAn⁻ and (Ct⁺)₂·An²⁻. The association constants were estimated from the spectrophotometric data. The enthalpies of formation of dye and heteroassociate ions were calculated and the most probable structure of the heteroassociates was deter- mined using the semiempirical methods.     

Electrosynthesis of 4-bromosubstituted pyrazole and its derivatives

Electrosynthesis of 4-bromosubstituted pyrazole and its derivatives was carried out by bromination of initial pyrazoles on Pt anode in NaBr aqueous solutions under the conditions of diaphragm galvanostatic electrolysis. A donor substituent (Me or Et) in pyrazole ring was shown to promote to the bromination process, while an acceptor substituent (NO₂ or COOH) does not produce a significant effect to this process. Thus, the yield of 4-bromosubstituted derivatives from bromination of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 1,5-dimethylpyrazole, 3-nitropyrazole, pyrazole-3(5)-carboxylic acid, 1-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, 1-methylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid, 1-ethylpyrazole-5-carboxylic acid, and 1-methylpyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid amounted 70, 94, 88, 89, 84, 78, 89, and 84%, respectively.     

Structures of dibromodicyanoaurate complexes with methoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium and tetraphenylstibonium cations

Russian Chemical Bulletin - The reaction of potassium dibromodicyanoaurate with methoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium and tetraphenylstibonium chlorides in water followed by recrystallization from...     

Structures and spin states of mono- and dinuclear iron(II) complexes of imidazole-4-carbaldehyde azine and its derivatives

Mononuclear [Fe(H₂L^R)₂]X₂ (R = H, 2-Me, 5-Me, 2-Et-5-Me; X = ClO₄, BF₄) and dinuclear [Fe₂(H₂L^R)₃]X₄ complexes containing imidazole-4-carbaldehyde azine (H₂L^H) and its derivatives prepared by condensation of 4-formylimidazole, 2-methyl- or 5-methyl-4-formylimidazole, or 2-ethyl-4-methyl-5-formylimidazole, with hydrazine in a 2:1 mole ratio in methanol, were prepared and their magnetostructural relationships were studied. In the mononuclear complexes, H₂L^R acts as an unsymmetrical tridentate ligand with two imidazole nitrogen atoms and one azine nitrogen atom, while in the dinuclear complexes, H₂L^R acts as a dinucleating ligand employing four nitrogen atoms to form a triple helicate structure. At room temperature, [Fe₂(H₂L^H)₃](ClO₄)₄ and [Fe₂(H₂L^2-Me)₃](ClO₄)₄ were in the high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states, respectively. The results are in accordance with the ligand field strength of H₂L^2-Me with electron-donating methyl groups being stronger than H₂L^H, with the order of the ligand field strengths being H₂L^2-Me > H₂L^H. However, in the mononuclear [Fe(H₂L^H)₂](ClO₄)₂ and [Fe(H₂L^2-Me)₂](ClO₄)₂ complexes, a different order of ligand field strengths, H₂L^H > H₂L^2-Me, was observed because [Fe(H₂L^H)₂](ClO₄)₂ was in the LS state while [Fe(H₂L^2-Me)₂](ClO₄)₂ was in the HS state at room temperature. X-ray structural studies revealed that the interligand steric repulsion between a methyl group of an H₂L^2-Me ligand and the other ligand in [Fe(H₂L^2-Me)₂](ClO₄)₂ is responsible for the observed change in the spin state. The same is true for [Fe(H₂L^2-Et-5-Me)₂](ClO₄)₂, while [Fe(H₂L^5-Me)₂](ClO₄)₂ does not involve such a steric congestion and stays in the LS state over the temperature range 5–300 K. Two kinds of crystals (polymorphs) were isolated for [Fe₂(H₂L^H)₃](BF₄)₄ and [Fe₂(H₂L^2-Et-5-Me)₃](ClO₄)₄, and they exhibited different magnetic behaviors.     

Synthesis of 4-aminoguaiazulene and its δ-lactam derivatives

A method for nitrogen insertion into guaiazulene hydrocarbons is developed. A one-pot reaction of 7-isopropyl-1-methylazulene-4-carboxylic acid, diphenylphosphoryl azide, and an alcohol (MeOH, ^tBuOH or BnOH) affords the corresponding carbamates. Deprotection of benzyl (7-isopropyl-1-methylazulen-4-yl)carbamate under basic conditions gave 4-aminoguaiazulene, which undergoes ring annulation reactions with 1,2-dicarbonyl reagents to yield tricyclic δ-lactams.     

Synthesis of quinoline-4-carboxylic acid and its derivatives

2-Methylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid was obtained by the reaction of isatin with acetone in the presence of an alkali. This acid was converted through a step involving (E)-2-styrylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid to quinoline-2,4-dicarboxylic acid, from which quinoline-4-carboxylic acid was obtained by refluxing in nitrobenzene. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy using two-dimensional (2DJ) spectra.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 819–821, June, 1988.     

Interaction between p-tetraphenyl tetrahomodioxacalix[4]arene amide derivatives and alkali and alkaline-earth metal cations

The binding properties of four amido derivatives of p-tetraphenyl tetrahomodioxacalix[4]arene towards alkali and alkaline-earth metal cations using UV-absorption spectrophotometry, ¹H NMR and ESI-mass spectrometry techniques are reported.     

Tungstotellurates of the imidazolium and 4-methylimidazolium cations

Tungstotellurates of the organic imidazolium and 4-methyl-imidazolium cations have been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction and i.r. spectroscopy. The [TeW₆O₂₄]^6– anion is formed by close packing of oxygen atoms with Te and W atoms in distorted octahedral voids. In both compounds the organic cations are involved in hydrogen bonds, to the [TeW₆O₂₄]^6– anion in [H₂imz]₆[TeW₆O₂₄] · 2(Himz) (1) and to Te(OH)₆ units in [4-H₂-methyl-imz]₆[TeW₆O₂₄] · Te(OH)₆ (2). Solution studies of (1) and (2) by ¹H-, ¹⁸³W- and ¹²⁵Te-n.m.r. have been carried out. Thermogravimetric (t.g.) and calorimetric (d.s.c.) analyses were performed for both compounds.