各向异性介质三维电磁响应模拟的Ho-GEBA算法

本文基于积分方程法研究并建立了一种模拟横向同性介质中任意各向异性异常 体三维电磁响应的高阶广义扩展Born近似(Ho-GEBA)算法. 首先利用逐次迭代技术给出积分方程的广义级数展开解, 为保证其收敛性, 引入一种各向异性条件下满足压缩映射的迭代算子. 然后利用异常体区域分解技术, 并结合扩展Born近似原理, 得到各向异性介质三维电磁响应的Ho-GEBA解. 为提高效率, 计算过程中采用并矢Green函数的解析表达式. 最后通过数值计算实例对比验证了本文算法的有效性. 关键词： 高阶广义扩展Born近似 积分方程 电磁模拟 解析Green函数     

基于优化理论的高频地波雷达海浪参数反演

针对从高频地波雷达海洋回波多普勒谱反演海浪参数的非线性积分方程,采用线性化近似可以转化为线性积分方程,类似于第一类Fredholm积分方程.文中采用数值方法将线性积分方程转化为二次型最优化问题,并采用共轭梯度法来求解.针对海浪参数的非负先验特性,在迭代过程中,加入非负约束项对共轭梯度法进行了改进.在单部雷达和双部雷达情况下进行正演数值模拟,然后用模拟数据添加不同信噪比的随机噪声进行海浪参数反演,无论是单峰海浪谱还是有两个传播方向的双峰谱反演结果均表明了本文提出的算法在不同信噪比下的有效性.     

利用积分方程法的各向异性地层频率测深三维模拟

应用一种新的积分方程算法对各向异性地层频率域电磁测深三维问题进行正演模拟.利用范数小于或等于1的修正Green算子得到各向异性地层中的新积分方程,由于满足压缩映射条件,该积分方程在任意参数条件下总是迭代收敛的.提出一种应用迭代法求解新积分方程的迭代初值优化选择方法,并通过具体算例对比说明该方法可使频率域电磁测深三维模拟的计算效率得到有效提高.最后应用所述算法对层状各向异性大地轴向频率测深视电阻率响应进行三维数值模拟,考察分析地层的各向异性对视电阻率响应特征的影响,得到一些重要结论.     

三维随机粗糙面上导体目标散射的解析-数值混合算法

提出三维导体目标与导体粗糙面复合散射的解析-数值混合迭代算法,推导出三维目标与粗糙面的耦合积分方程,以及粗糙面散射的Kirchhoff近似(KA)计算式.粗糙面的KA解析计算大大降低了粗糙面求解的复杂度,与目标矩量法的混合迭代保证了计算结果的精度,使得三维体-面目标复合散射计算变得可行.由于体-面两者的高阶耦合作用明显减小,保证了该混合迭代算法的收敛性.与镜像Green函数方法的比较表明该混合算法的有效性,并讨论了粗糙面长度选择对计算结果的影响.结合Monte-Carlo方法,数值分析了理想导体Gauss 关键词： 复合散射 Kirchhoff近似 共轭梯度法 互耦迭代     

二维随机粗糙面上导体目标复合瞬态散射的混合算法

提出用时域积分方程法(TDIE)与时域基尔霍夫近似法(TDKA)的混合算法来求解二维导体随机粗糙面及其上方二维导体目标的复合瞬态散射,推导出了在TM波入射情形下显式及隐式格式的时间步进方程.将粗糙面与目标分别进行TDKA和TDIE计算,并考虑目标与粗糙面之间的耦合,对TDKA和TDIE进行混合迭代,既大大降低了粗糙面求解的复杂度,又保证了计算精度.数值算例中,考虑了角反射器(开放体)和圆柱(封闭体)两种目标,分别计算了目标表面电流响应和电场远场响应.计算结果表明,和单纯TDIE法相比,本文混合方法计算效率 关键词： 随机粗糙面 复合瞬态散射 时域积分方程法和时域基尔霍夫近似法 混合算法     

三维随机粗糙面上导体目标散射的解析-数值混合算法

提出三维导体目标与导体粗糙面复合散射的解析-数值混合迭代算法，推导出三维目标与粗糙面的耦合积分方程，以及粗糙面散射的Kirchhoff近似(KA)计算式.粗糙面的KA解析计算大大降低了粗糙面求解的复杂度，与目标矩量法的混合迭代保证了计算结果的精度，使得三维体-面目标复合散射计算变得可行.由于体-面两者的高阶耦合作用明显减小，保证了该混合迭代算法的收敛性.与镜像Green函数方法的比较表明该混合算法的有效性，并讨论了粗糙面长度选择对计算结果的影响.结合Monte-Carlo方法，数值分析了理想导体Gauss     

光学非球面元件非球面度计算方法

详细介绍光学非球面元件非球面度计算的牛顿迭代法、近似法、最小二乘法3种方法，并根据工程实践比较了3种方法的优缺点，得出了工程应用中的结论：近似法适用于一些相对孔径较小的非球面，否则误差会较大；牛顿迭代法的精度较高，但计算量大也最复杂，且不能直接得到最接近参考圆的圆心位置坐标；最小二乘法的计算方法简单，不涉及求导、积分、迭代，适合编写计算程序，且可直接得到最接近参考圆的圆心位置坐标。     

各向异性海底地层海洋可控源电磁响应三维积分方程法数值模拟

采用积分方程法对各向异性海底地层海洋可控源电磁（MCSEM）响应进行三维数值模拟.首先利用算子理论给出各向异性海底地层中的压缩积分方程,由于满足压缩映射条件,该积分方程在任意参数下总是迭代收敛的.然后为了提高计算效率,引入分区域多重网格准线性近似技术.通过具体算例验证了所述算法在计算精度与效率方面的有效性.最后利用该算法考察并分析了海底地层的各向异性对MCSEM三维响应特征的影响. 关键词： 海洋可控源电磁法 各向异性 三维模拟 积分方程法     

基于牛顿迭代法高温光谱温度和发射率的反演研究

针对基于光谱数据进行温度与发射率分离过程中存在的n个方程包含n+1个未知数这一欠定问题,提出利用牛顿迭代法来实现材料表面真温及发射率的反演计算,通过给定温度和发射率初值,利用泰勒级数的线性项建立迭代公式,通过迭代得到温度和发射率的近似解。分别利用理论热辐射谱和腔黑体的实验数据进行验证,结果表明,任意给定温度和发射率初值均可获得与真实温度接近的计算温度值,相对误差小于0.09。发射率反演结果与真实发射率线形一致,当温度和发射率初值越接近真实温度和发射率时,发射率反演结果越精确。该方法消除了发射率假定模型限制,有望应用于高温及超高温下各种材料真实温度和光谱发射率研究。     

弧长法在斜直井内管柱非线性屈曲分析中的应用

对于斜直井内底部-段管柱的后屈曲问题,基于受径向约束管柱的微分求积(DQ,Differential Quadrature)单元,构建了弧长迭代法.给出详细的迭代步骤和迭代初值的确定方法,对不同端部侧向约束条件下的管柱非线性屈曲进行迭代计算.并与现有文献中的近似解析解、实验结果和纯载荷增量迭代法的数值计算结果进行比较.结果显示,本文方法克服了有限单元法在处理管柱自重时的困难,同时能自动调节增量步长,跟踪管柱非线性后屈曲平衡路径的全过程.计算效率高、收敛性好、易于实施,可以用来分析斜直井内管柱的非线性屈曲问题.     

Three-dimensional electromagnetic nonlinear inversion in layered media by a hybrid diagonal tensor approximation: Stabilized biconjugate gradient fast Fourier transform method

This paper presents an efficient three-dimensional nonlinear electromagnetic inversion method in a multilayered medium for radar applications where the object size is comparable to the wavelength. In the first step of this two-step inversion algorithm, the diagonal tensor approximation is used in the Born iterative method. The solution of this approximate inversion is used as an initial guess for the second step in which further inversion is carried out using a distorted Born iterative method. Since the aim of the second step is to improve the accuracy of the inversion, a full-wave solver, the stabilized biconjugate-gradient fast Fourier transform algorithm, is used for forward modelling. The conjugate-gradient method is applied at each inversion iteration to minimize the functional cost. The usage of an iterative solver based on the FFT algorithm and the developed recursive matrix method combined with an interpolation technique to evaluate the layered medium Green's functions rapidly, makes this method highly efficient. An inversion problem with 32 768 complex unknowns can be solved with 1% relative error by using a simple personal computer. Several numerical experiments for arbitrarily located source and receiver arrays are presented to show the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.     

Three-dimensional electromagnetic nonlinear inversion in layered media by a hybrid diagonal tensor approximation: Stabilized biconjugate gradient fast Fourier transform method

This paper presents an efficient three-dimensional nonlinear electromagnetic inversion method in a multilayered medium for radar applications where the object size is comparable to the wavelength. In the first step of this two-step inversion algorithm, the diagonal tensor approximation is used in the Born iterative method. The solution of this approximate inversion is used as an initial guess for the second step in which further inversion is carried out using a distorted Born iterative method. Since the aim of the second step is to improve the accuracy of the inversion, a full-wave solver, the stabilized biconjugate-gradient fast Fourier transform algorithm, is used for forward modelling. The conjugate-gradient method is applied at each inversion iteration to minimize the functional cost. The usage of an iterative solver based on the FFT algorithm and the developed recursive matrix method combined with an interpolation technique to evaluate the layered medium Green's functions rapidly, makes this method highly efficient. An inversion problem with 32 768 complex unknowns can be solved with 1% relative error by using a simple personal computer. Several numerical experiments for arbitrarily located source and receiver arrays are presented to show the high efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.     

Importance of the (nabla) D term in frequency-resolved optical diffusion imaging

The effects of the approximation DD=0 that is often used in frequency-resolved optical diffusion imaging are examined. It is shown that this approximation can affect the performance of integral-equation-based approaches to optical diffusion imaging, such as the Born iterative method and the distorted Born iterative method. The approximation introduces errors into the calculation of data used in simulations, which can lead to misleading evaluations of reconstruction algorithms. Numerical calculations show the magnitude of these effects and the appearance of artifacts in reconstructed images when conventional inversion algorithms are applied to more accurately calculated data.     

Inverse problem of the wave equation and the Schwinger approximation

A new method of profile inversion for acoustic waves propagating in a medium with spherical inhomogeneity based on the Schwinger variational method is presented. The wave equation of interest is transformed into a Schrodinger equation, so that the Born approximation and the new method could also be applied at high frequencies. It is shown that the new method is stable and is more accurate than the Born approximation. To illustrate the method, an exactly solvable analytical example is presented. Also numerical examples using synthetic data, with and without additive noise, are given and the corresponding inversion results and the stability of the method are studied.     

利用阵列多信息对大区域地层电导率的反演

提出利用变形玻恩迭代方法将阵列多信息用于实际大区域地层反演的新方法。该区域是由复杂的过渡带和没受泥浆侵入的原状地层组成的。该方法基于非线性积分方程,用正则化方法求出电导率分布。在迭代过程中,数值模式匹配法用于求解感应的正演问题。一些数值模拟表明,利用阵列多信息能很好地对复杂地层进行成象,且成象结果与真实电导率剖面分布吻合得比较好。     

再入尾迹湍流对雷达散射截面影响分析

通过探讨高超声速再入湍流尾迹等离子体场中电磁波的散射机制,推导出在工程上描述湍流亚密等离子体雷达散射的一阶畸变波Born近似模型,分析了该模型在充分发展湍流尾迹等离子体场中的适用性,完成了适用于三维尾迹等离子体场的程序设计.以已有的湍流尾迹等离子体流场数据为基础,分析了再入尾迹湍流等离子体流动对雷达散射截面的影响.选取考察的几个有代表性的因素为:湍流模型、转捩过程、湍流尺度、电子组分脉动初始条件等.由结果可以看到,湍流转捩过程和湍流尺度对雷达散射截面值影响不大;电子组份脉动强度初始值影响较明显;湍流模型在特定条件下影响亦不大.     

大尺度分层介质粗糙面电磁散射的特性研究

首先建立大尺度分层介质粗糙面散射的物理模型, 基于Stratton-Chu积分方程和Kirchhoff近似导出了粗糙面散射场的计算公式. 采用高斯随机粗糙面来模拟实际的分层介质粗糙面, 通过数值计算得到了正下视单站雷达接收到的后向散射回波. 理论推导了散射场强度与表面粗糙度之间的定量关系, 并从数值仿真的角度分析了表面和次表面的粗糙度对散射回波的影响, 给出了散射场随粗糙度变化的曲线. 最后考察了分层介质的电特性参数(介电常数和电导率)对分层粗糙面散射场的影响, 并对计算结果做出了分析.     

A meshless method for the nonlinear generalized regularized long wave equation

This paper presents a meshless method for the nonlinear generalized regularized long wave(GRLW) equation based on the moving least-squares approximation.The nonlinear discrete scheme of the GRLW equation is obtained and is solved using the iteration method.A theorem on the convergence of the iterative process is presented and proved using theorems of the infinity norm.Compared with numerical methods based on mesh,the meshless method for the GRLW equation only requires the scattered nodes instead of meshing the domain of the problem.Some examples,such as the propagation of single soliton and the interaction of two solitary waves,are given to show the effectiveness of the meshless method.     

Numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation with variable coefficients

We study the numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation. This equation gives a good approximation to the radiative transport equation when scattering is peaked sharply in the forward direction which is the case for light propagation in tissues, for example. We derive first the numerical solution for the problem with constant coefficients. This numerical solution is constructed as an expansion in plane wave solutions. Then we extend that result to take into account coefficients that vary spatially. This extension leads to a coupled system of initial and final value problems. We solve this system iteratively. Numerical results show the utility of this method.