聚氧化乙烯和聚醋酸乙烯酯在超声波辐照下接枝反应的研究

本文分别研究了聚氧化乙烯(PEO)和聚醋酸乙烯酯(PVAc) 在苯溶液中的超声波辐照降解,PEO与PVAc在苯溶液中的超声波辐照共聚反应。实验证明,降解反应可用Ovenall方程描述。用IR、NMR和DTA分析了在超声波辐照作用下PEO与PVAc在苯溶液中生成的共聚物的结构,证明所得产物主要为接枝共聚物,将浓度为1％的(PEO-PVAc)苯溶液在频率为18.2kHz、逆变器主迥路输入电流为2.0安的超声波强度下,辐照10分钟,共聚物的产率为10.54％,接枝点密度为33.3％,平均接枝链长为17。     

聚(苯胺-co-邻氨基酚)修饰玻碳电极的制备及其对抗坏血酸的电化学氧化

研究了苯胺(AN)与邻氨基酚(OAP)在玻碳电极表面的电化学共聚,由此制备了AN与OAP共聚物膜修饰的玻碳电极(PAN-OAP/GCE/CME),并研究了该电极的电化学行为及其对抗坏血酸(AA)的电催化氧化。研究表明:AN与OAP的共聚速率随溶液中OAP浓度的增大而减小。当OAP与AN的浓度比>1∶10时,聚合行为相似;在其浓度比为1∶10时得到的共聚膜具有较好的电化学活性。由此可在0.1mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS,pH6.8)中对AA进行电催化氧化。在PAN-OAP/GCE/CME上其氧化峰电位位于0.21V,比在裸玻碳电极上(0.53V)降低了0.32V。该共聚物膜在中性溶液中显示出较好的电化学活性,为生物样本中AA的测定提供了条件。AA在修饰电极上的响应电流与其浓度在0.05~16.5mmol/L范围内呈线性关系,r=0.9998。采用计时电流法对AA催化氧化的扩散系数和催化速率常数进行了研究。     

苯胺与邻甲氧基苯胺共聚的原位紫外-可见光谱电化学研究

运用循环伏安法(CV)和原位紫外-可见光谱电化学法研究了苯胺(AN)和邻甲氧基苯胺(OMA)单独聚合及二者共聚的电化学过程。在1.0 mol/L HCl溶液中,AN和OMA单独聚合及二者共聚时不同的电化学行为表明AN和OMA之间产生了共聚作用。原位紫外-可见光谱的研究表明,在AN与OMA的共聚过程中,AN和OMA首先分别被氧化生成其阳离子自由基,然后,AN和OMA的阳离子自由基与溶液中的AN和OMA单体发生交互反应产生混合二聚物中间体,在紫外-可见吸收光谱中对应于440 nm处的吸收峰。进一步研究发现,AN和OMA的共聚过程与溶液中各单体的浓度比有关,当混合溶液中OMA的浓度较大时,会对共聚产生抑制作用。采用红外光谱技术对共聚物进行了表征并初步探讨了共聚机制。结果表明,在AN和OMA共聚过程中,OMA分子掺杂进入AN聚合物骨架。     

聚(碳酸酯-co-磷酸酯)的酶促合成及性能

以猪胰脂肪酶或假丝酵母皱褶酶为催化剂, 100℃下通过本体聚合成功地合成了三亚甲基碳酸酯(TMC)和2-乙氧基-2-氧-1,3-二氧磷杂环戊烷(EEP)的无规共聚物(poly(TMC-co-EEP)). 研究了酶浓度, 聚合反应时间以及共聚单体投料比等因素对共聚物分子量和产率的影响. 随着酶(PPL或CL)浓度的增加, 共聚物分子量降低. 同时, 随着EEP投料比的增加, 共聚物的分子量也降低. 共聚物数均分子量最大可达到10200. 随着共聚单体投料摩尔比(EEP/TMC)从0增加到5︰10, 共聚物的玻璃化温度从-28℃降低到-41.7℃. 体外降解实验表明: 共聚物中磷酸酯含量越高, 降解速率越快.     

超声波辐照下聚氧化乙烯与甲基丙烯酸己酯非均相共聚反应研究

本文系统地研究了地超声波辐照下聚氧化乙烯(PEO)在其水溶液中与甲基丙烯酸己酯(HMA)的非均相共聚反应。结果表明,PEO超声降解产生的自由基可引发HMA聚合,形成PEO-HMA共聚物,该共聚物在超声波辐照下可进一步降解。通过红外光谱、裂解气相色谱及核磁共振分析表明,所得共聚物为嵌段共聚物。     

AN/St悬浮共聚体系中AN在水/油两相间分配及其对共聚物组成的影响

研究了丙烯腈/苯乙烯(AN/St)悬浮共聚体系中AN在水/油两相间的分配及其对AN/St共聚物组成的影响.结果表明,AN分配于水/油两相间,使油相AN的含量低于相同单体配料比的本体聚合,导致生成的AN/St共聚物组成偏离本体共聚.为了准确预测进而控制AN/St悬浮共聚物的组成,提出了在考虑AN相分配的基础上计算AN/St悬浮共聚物组成的模型.计算结果与实验值一致,计算中用到的油相实际竞聚率与本体聚合相同,但该悬浮聚合的表观竞聚率随水/油比的变化而发生较大改变.     

PEB/MMA-AN悬浮接枝共聚反应机理

研究了乙烯-1-丁烯共聚物(PEB)弹性体与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-丙烯腈(AN)悬浮接枝共聚反应行为及接枝共聚产物对SAN树脂增韧作用随反应时间的变化规律, 用凝胶渗透色谱法和傅里叶变换红外光谱法对接枝共聚产物进行了表征, 分析了接枝共聚反应机理, 推算了接枝链分子量. 结果表明, 体系首先发生链增长自由基向PEB转移终止形成非接枝共聚物(MAN_L)和PEB大分子自由基引发单体共聚形成接枝链(g-MAN)的反应, 接枝反应结束后体系发生明显的非接枝共聚形成非接枝共聚物(MAN_H)的反应; MAN_L的分子量低于g-MAN的分子量, 而g-MAN的分子量明显低于MAN_H的分子量; 在接枝共聚过程中发生已接枝和未接枝PEB断链并随机再接生成多嵌段共聚物的副反应; 在反应初期, 接枝链的AN单元含量接近于非接枝共聚物的AN单元含量, 在反应中后期前者远低于后者.     

羟乙基纤维素和聚氧化乙烯在超声波辐照下的降解与嵌段共聚的研究

本文分别研究了在超声波辐照下羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和聚氧化乙烯(PEO)在水溶液中的降解规律,HEC与PEO在水溶液中的超声波辐照共聚反应。用DTA、IR、MS、X射线衍射和偏光显微镜初步研究了共聚物的结构,证明所得产物主要是嵌段共聚物。将浓度为0.5％的HEC/PEO水溶液在25±1℃,频率为18.2kHz,超声波强度(以逆变器主迴路输入电流表示)为2.5A下辐照10分钟,共聚物产率为55.07％。     

偏氯乙烯-丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物颗粒发泡行为研究

用显微镜实时监测实验方法研究了偏氯乙烯 (VDC) 丙烯腈 (AN) 苯乙烯 (St)共聚物颗粒的发泡行为 ,考察的影响因素包括共聚物组成、发泡剂浓度、颗粒粒径、发泡温度等 .实验发现 ,共聚物中AN或St单元含量提高 ,发泡速率降低 .提高发泡温度或增加发泡剂浓度 ,均加快发泡速率 .由于在聚合物颗粒发泡时存在发泡剂损失 ,小粒径的VDC AN St共聚物颗粒发泡速率快 .当颗粒发泡生长较快时 ,发现有生长过头现象 ,这可能是由惯性生长造成的     

苯胺和邻氨基酚共聚的原位紫外-可见光谱电化学研究

采用原位紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究了苯胺(AN)和邻-氨基酚(OAP)在0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中的电化学共聚过程.结果表明,在AN和OAP的共聚过程中,OAP首先被氧化生成其阳离子自由基,对应于460 nm处的吸收峰,然后OAP阳离子自由基与继而生成的AN阳离子自由基和溶液中的AN和OAP单体发生交互反应,生成混合二聚物中间体,对应于490 nm处的吸收峰,此混合二聚物中间体再继续反应生成中性低聚物,对应于波长小于460 nm处的吸收峰.在研究不同浓度比的AN和OAP进行电化学共聚时发现,当溶液中OAP浓度增大时,对AN的聚合会产生抑制作用.     

Degradation behaviour of PCL/PEO/PCL and PCL/PEO block copolymers under controlled hydrolytic,enzymatic and composting conditions

Short-term hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), one series of triblock (PCL/PEO/PCL) and the other of diblock (PCL/PEO) copolymers, with a low content of hydrophilic PEO segments is presented. The effect of the introduction of PEO as the central or lateral segment in the PCL chain on copolymer hydrolysis and biodegradation properties was investigated. FTIR results revealed higher hydrolytic degradation susceptibility of diblock copolymers due to a higher hydrophilicity compared to PCL and triblock copolymers. Enzymatic degradation was tested using cell-free extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, for two weeks by following the weight loss, changes in surface roughness, and changes in carbonyl and crystallinity index. The results confirmed that all samples underwent enzymatic degradation through surface erosion which was accompanied with a decrease in molecular weights. Diblock copolymers showed significantly higher weight loss and decrease in molecular weight in comparison to PCL itself and triblock copolymers. AFM analysis confirmed significant surface erosion and increase in RMS values. In addition, biodegradation of polymer films was tested in compost model system at 37 °C, where an effective degradation of block copolymers was observed.     

Determination of primary bond scissions by mass spectrometric analysis of ultrasonic degradation products of poly(ethylene oxide‐block‐propylene oxide) copolymers

Ultrasonic degradation of poly(ethylene oxide‐block‐propylene oxide) copolymers consisting of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic portion was studied with the aim to determine the location of bonds involved in the initial scission of the copolymers. LC–APCI‐IT‐MS and LC–APCI‐orbitrap‐MS were used for the detailed structural analysis of degradation products. The results indicated that initial bond scissions occurred principally at the boundary regions between backbones of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polypropylene oxide (PPO) chains. Further structural analysis revealed the presence of oxygen adducts in the degradation products. Comparison with a thermal degradation carried out in helium atmosphere, one can conclude that the oxygen adducts are formed by radical reaction with water or dissolving oxygen molecules. The study demonstrated that chemical reactions as well as physical bond stress scissions are involved in the ultrasonic degradation of the copolymers. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Oxidative copolymerization of 2‐pyridylamine and aniline

A series of copolymers were easily synthesized via the chemical oxidative polymerization of 2‐pyridylamine (2PA) and aniline (AN) in an acidic aqueous medium. The yield, intrinsic viscosity, and solubility of the copolymers were studied through changes in the 2PA/AN molar ratio, polymerization temperature, oxidant, oxidant/monomer molar ratio, and polymerization medium. The resulting 2PA/AN copolymers were characterized by ¹H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric techniques. The results showed that the oxidative copolymerization from 2PA and AN was exothermic. The resultant copolymers were amorphous and exhibited enhanced solubility in comparison with polyaniline. The 2PA/AN copolymers showed the highest decomposition temperature (530 °C), the slowest maximum‐weight‐loss rate (1.2 %/min), the largest char yield (45 wt %), and the greatest degradation activation energy (65 kJ/mol) in nitrogen. The thermostability of the copolymers was generally higher in nitrogen than in air. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 4407–4418, 2000     

The thermal stability of copolymers of allyl alcohol with acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate

Homopolymerization of allyl alcohol (AA) initiated by gamma rays and copolymerization of AA with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylonitrile (AN) were investigated. The thermal stabilities of the homopolymers and copolymers were determined and their degradation activation energies calculated. The copolymers, P(AA/AN), obtained from AA + AN monomers were more stable thermally than those copolymers, P(AA/MMA), formed from AA + MMA monomer mixtures.     

生物降解高分子——聚己内酯/聚氧乙烯/聚丙交酯三元共聚物水解行为的研究

以异辛酸亚锡为催化剂 ,通过聚乙二醇醚 (PEG)引发ε 己内酯和L 丙交酯开环聚合 ,制备了PCL/PEO/PLA三元共聚物 .研究了聚合物在 pH7 4磷酸缓冲溶液、37℃条件下的体外降解行为 .采用GPC、1H NMR、DSC和XRD技术研究了聚合物在水解降解过程中分子量、分子量分布、组成、吸水率、结晶性等的变化 .结果表明共聚物的吸水率随聚醚组分含量而增大 ;随水解材料的失重率增大 ,聚醚组分含量下降程度也加大 .此外研究还表明 :聚合物中丙交酯组分含量高时 ,聚合物的结晶结构主要由PLLA形成 .由于聚合物的水解降解首先发生在无定形区和结晶区边缘 ,随着共聚物的降解、结晶性的PLLA低聚物的生成 ,导致了共聚物的分子量呈双峰分布     

Thermogravimetric study of some crosslinked copolymers based on poly(acrylonitrile-co-divinylbenzene)

Copolymer networks based on acrylonitrile (AN)/divinylbenzene (DVB) have been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) to evaluate their thermal stability in nitrogen atmosphere. Thermal stability was determined from TG-DTG curves to investigate the influence of AN and DVB in the synthesis of copolymers on the copolymer thermal properties. The TG and DTG curves of copolymers clearly show two thermodegradation stages. The solid residues produced after thermodegradation stages were analyzed by FTIR and elemental analysis (CHN). The decomposition temperatures were dependent on amount of AN and DVB used as the crosslinking agent. The degradation temperatures of copolymers were influenced by the diluent system during their synthesis. FTIR analyses indicate that the cyclization of the polymer proceeds before any mass loss.     

Ultrasonic Degradation and Copolymerization of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) with Acrylonitrile

The ultrasonic degradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in aqueous solution and copolymerization of PVA with acrylonitrile (AN) were studied. It is confirmed that the rate of degradation of PVA follows the kinetic equation suggested by Baramboim. Both water-soluble and water-insoluble copolymer can be obtained by changing the irradiation time or the amount of AN added to the aqueous solution of PVA. The structure of the copolymer was identified by IR, MS, PGC, and x-ray diffraction. The copolymer prepared is mainly a block one. By irradiating 2% PVA/AN (1/1.6, w/w) at 20 ± 1°C and 21. 5 kHz with 490 W for 28 min, the yield of water-soluble copolymer is 25.49%, the AN content in which is 13.98%. After 100 min, with the weight ratio between PVA and AN 1/4, the yield of the water-insoluble copolymer amounted to 296.01%, the AN content in which is 75.56%.     

Studies on Ultrasonic Degradation and Block Copolymerization of Hydroxyethylcellulose and Poly(ethylene Oxide)

The ultrasonic degradation of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) in aqueous solution, and the copolymerization of HEC with PEO were studied. The structure of the copolymer was identified by DTA, IR, MS, x-ray diffraction, and polarizing microscopy. The copolymer prepared is mainly block. The copolymer formed amounts to 55.07% by irradiating 0.5% HEC/PEO aqueous solution for a period of 10 min at 25°C and 18.2 kHz with 2.5 A input current on a reversed main circuit.     

Degradation of poly(ethylene oxide) by high-speed stirring

Degradation of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by violent stirring was studied in various solvents. The chain scission or the limit of the degradation was measured, and the effects of solvents, polymer concentration, stirring speed and degree of polymerization (DP) were investigated. It was found that the number of bonds broken per polymer chain was independent of the concentration but increased with the stirring speed and with decrease in the DP. The rate was much affected by the solvent used, being larger in a poor solvent. It was also found that the rate could be represented either by Jellinek's or Ovenall's rate equations, which have been applied to the ultrasonic degradation of polymers in solution.