香豆素类荧光探针对硫化氢检测的研究进展

硫化氢(H2S)是目前人们发现的第三类生物内源性“气体信使分子”。其及时检测对人类的健康有着非常大的意义。随着荧光探针技术的发展,有机小分子荧光探针受到广大学者的关注。其中,香豆素因其结构简单,荧光量子产率高以及易于功能化而备受青睐。本文根据探针的识别机理综述近三年来报道的香豆素类H2S荧光探针代表性研究成果,并对其进行了展望,为后续设计开发更具实用价值的H2S荧光探针提供一点有益的参考。     

A ratiometric fluorescent probe for zinc ions based on the quinoline fluorophore

A ratiometric fluorescent zinc probe 1 of carboxamidoquinoline with a carboxylic acid group was designed and synthesised. Probe 1 exhibits high selectivity for sensing Zn²⁺; about a 13-fold increase in fluorescence emission intensity and an 82?nm red-shift of fluorescence emission are observed upon binding Zn²⁺ in EtOH/H₂O (1?:?1, V/V) solution. The ratiometric fluorescence response is attributed to the 1?:?1 complex formation between probe 1 and Zn²⁺ which has been utilised as the basis for the selective detection of Zn²⁺. The analytical performance characteristics of the proposed Zn²⁺-sensitive probe were investigated. The linear response range covers a concentration range of Zn²⁺ from 2.0?×?10^?6 to 5.0?×?10^?5?mol?L^?1 and the detection limit is 2.7?×?10^?7?mol?L^?1. The determination of Zn²⁺ in both tap and river water samples shows satisfactory results.     

Novel fluorescent chemosensor for Ag^ ＋ based on coumarin fluorophore

A novel chemosensor 1 （CS1） bearing one coumarin and two carbodithioate groups was synthesized and its fluorescent sensing behavior toward metal ions was investigated. Ag^＋ addition to a CH3COCH3/H2O （3：7, v：v） solution of CS1 gave a significantly quenched fluorescence. Other ions including Pb^2＋, Zn^2＋, Cu^2＋, Ca^2＋, Cd^2＋, Co^2＋, Mg^2＋, Mn^2＋, Hg^2＋, Ag^＋, Ni^2＋ induced no or much smaller spectral changes. This constitutes an ON-OFF Ag^＋-selective fluorescent chemosensor.     

多肽荧光探针在蛋白质检测中的应用

荧光探针法是痕量蛋白质检测的重要方法,其中多肽荧光探针得到了广泛的应用.本文综述了3种主要类型多肽荧光探针,即单荧光标记探针、双荧光标记探针和与其他材料形成复合物的探针的结构特点、检测原理以及不同类型多肽荧光探针在蛋白质定性、定量检测和酶活性测定等方面的应用,并对多肽荧光探针的未来发展方向进行了展望.     

基于席夫碱的四种Zn2+荧光探针的合成及其性能

以乙二胺与水杨醛及其衍生物为原料,构建了4种席夫碱Zn²⁺荧光探针,其结构均由¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和IR进行了表征。光谱分析实验结果表明,相比于其他探针,探针L2对Zn²⁺具有更好的选择性和灵敏度,检出限为92.15 nmol·L^-1。在0~30μmol·L^-1的浓度范围内,探针L2的荧光强度与Zn²⁺浓度可呈良好的线性关系,在紫外灯下可用肉眼观察到明显颜色变化。通过Job曲线、核磁滴定实验、密度泛函理论计算和L2-Zn²⁺配合物单晶结构对识别机理进行了研究,结果表明探针L2与Zn²⁺以物质的量之比1∶1配位。此外,探针L2还可用于检测实际水样中的Zn²⁺。     

基于席夫碱的四种Zn2+荧光探针的合成及其性能

以乙二胺与水杨醛及其衍生物为原料,构建了4种席夫碱Zn²⁺荧光探针,其结构均由¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和IR进行了表征。光谱分析实验结果表明,相比于其他探针,探针L2对Zn²⁺具有更好的选择性和灵敏度,检出限为92.15 nmol·L^-1。在0～30μmol·L^-1的浓度范围内,探针L2的荧光强度与Zn²⁺浓度可呈良好的线性关系,在紫外灯下可用肉眼观察到明显颜色变化。通过Job曲线、核磁滴定实验、密度泛函理论计算和L2-Zn²⁺配合物单晶结构对识别机理进行了研究,结果表明探针L2与Zn²⁺以物质的量之比1∶1配位。此外,探针L2还可用于检测实际水样中的Zn²⁺。     

Live-cell imaging of biothiols via thiol/disulfide exchange to trigger the photoinduced electron transfer of gold-nanodot sensor

Biothiols have been reported to involve in intracellular redox-homeostasis against oxidative stress. In this study, a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for sensing biothiols is explored by using an ultrasmall gold nanodot (AuND), the dendrimer-entrapped Au₈-cluster. This strategy relies upon a thiol/disulfide exchange to trigger the fluorescence change through a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process between the Au₈-cluster (as an electron donor) and 2-pyridinethiol (2-PyT) (as an electron acceptor) for sensing biothiols. When 2-PyT is released via the cleavage of disulfide bonds by biothiols, the PET process from the Au₈-cluster to 2-PyT is initiated, resulting in fluorescence quenching. The fluorescence intensity was found to decrease linearly with glutathione (GSH) concentration (0–1500 μM) at physiological relevant levels and the limit of detection for GSH was 15.4 μM. Compared to most nanoparticle-based fluorescent probes that are limited to detect low molecular weight thiols (LMWTs; i.e., GSH and cysteine), the ultrasmall Au₈-cluster-based probe exhibited less steric hindrance and can be directly applied in selectively and sensitively detecting both LMWTs and high molecular weight thiols (HMWTs; i.e., protein thiols). Based on such sensing platform, the surface-functionalized Au₈-cluster has significant promise for use as an efficient nanoprobe for intracellular fluorescence imaging of biothiols including protein thiols in living cells whereas other nanoparticle-based fluorescent probes cannot.     

硼酸及硼酸酯类过氧化氢荧光探针的最新研究进展

生物新陈代谢过程中产生的过氧化氢（H2O2）是生命活动所必需的,但是过量过氧化氢的存在可以引发多种疾病,因此对体内过氧化氢的检测具有重要意义.采用荧光探针法,借助激光共聚焦成像技术能够实现对活细胞和组织内的过氧化氢＂实时、可见、定量＂的检测,为深入阐明过氧化氢在生理和病理过程中所起的作用提供了一个重要手段.本文按荧光探针的结构分类,对近几年来以硼酸及硼酸酯基团作为荧光开关的具有高选择性和灵敏度的过氧化氢荧光探针进行了综述,主要探讨其设计思想、作用机制及应用,为过氧化氢探针的设计提供了新思路.     

Sensing for intracellular thiols by water-insoluble two-photon fluorescent probe incorporating nanogel

A novel “turn-on” two-photon fluorescent probe containing a π-conjugated triarylboron luminogen and a maleimide moiety DMDP-M based on the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism for biothiol detection was designed and synthesized. By simply loading the hydrophobic DMDP-M on a cross-linked Pluronic^® F127 nanogel (CL-F127), a probing system DMDP-M/CL-F127 was established, which shows quick response, high selectivity and sensitivity to cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) in aqueous phase. The DMDP-M/CL-F127 system presented the fastest response to Cys with a rate constant of 0.56 min⁻¹, and the detection limit to Cys was calculated to be as low as 0.18 μM. The DMDP-M/CL-F127 system has been successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of biothiols in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts either with single-photon or two-photon excitation because of its high biocompatibility and cell-membrane permeability. The present work provides a general, simple and efficient strategy for the application of hydrophobic molecules to sensing biothiols in aqueous phase, and a novel sensing system for intracellular biothiols fitted for both single-photon and two-photon fluorescence imaging.     

Development of ratiometric fluorescent probe for zinc ion based on indole fluorophore

A water-soluble ratiometric fluorescent probe ZID-1 has been developed on the basis of an internal charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. Upon complexation with Zn²⁺ under physiological conditions, ZID-1 exhibits a significant blue shift of 77 nm in the emission spectrum. The fluorescent behavior of ZID-1 suggests that the pyridyl group incorporated into the fluorophore coordinates the metal ion as the fourth ligand and affords an appropriate binding affinity (K_d = 17.1 nM) for the intracellular imaging of Zn²⁺.     

橙红色铜纳米荧光探针测定盐酸小檗碱

以CuCl2为原料,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(K30)为模板,2-巯基苯并噻唑(MBT)为保护剂,用水合肼作还原剂,在常温下放置10 min,合成发射波长为606 nm的橙红色铜纳米粒子(CuNPs),用紫外、荧光和电镜对其光学性质和形貌进行表征.实验发现,在pH 8.3的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,盐酸小檗碱(Be-H)对Cu...     

Sulfonate-based fluorescent probes for imaging hydrogen peroxide in living cells

Based on the mechanism of H₂O₂-mediated hydrolysis of sulfonates, two fluorescein disulfonates compounds (FS-1 and FS-2) were designed and synthesized as the highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probes for imaging H₂O₂ in living cells. The probes were detected with elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. Upon reaction with H₂O₂, the probes exhibit strong fluorescence responses and high selectivity for H₂O₂ over other reactive oxygen species and some biological compounds. Furthermore, the sulfonate-based probes, as novel fluorescent reagents, are cell-permeable and can detect micromolar changes in H₂O₂ concentrations in living cells by using confocal microscopy. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB936000), the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (Grant No. 20725518), Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90713019), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20875057), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. Y2007B02), and the Science and Technology Development Programs of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. 2008GG30003012)     

基于磺酸酯的荧光探针用于活细胞内过氧化氢的成像检测

基于过氧化氢（H2O2）特异性催化水解磺酸酯,设计合成了新型绿色荧光探针：荧光素二磺酸酯（FS—1）和二氯荧光素二磺酸酯（FS-2）两种螺环内酯型化合物,用于活细胞内过氧化氢的检测．探针结构由元素分析、IR、^1H NMR及^13C NMR表征．实验表明：探针FS-1和FS-2在模拟生物体系中检测过氧化氢具有良好的选择性和灵敏度,且线性范围较宽．细胞成像显示：探针FS-1和FS-2用于PMA刺激或外加不同浓度H2O2孵育的小鼠腹膜巨噬细胞均呈现明亮的绿色荧光,且能对细胞内H2O2微摩尔级浓度变化产生响应,证明两探针均具有良好的膜渗透性、高的选择性及良好的灵敏度．该方法的建立对研究生物体内H2O2的产生,H2O2导致的各种疾病机制及H2O2介导的信号转导途径具有重要的理论及实际意义．     

A fluorescent hydrogen peroxide probe based on a ‘click’ modified coumarin fluorophore

Herein a water-soluble ‘click’ modified coumarin-based fluorescent probe for hydrogen peroxide is reported. This probe shows significant intensity increases (up to fivefold) in near-green fluorescence upon reaction with hydrogen peroxide, and good selectivity over other reactive oxygen species.     

一种香豆素类锌离子荧光探针的合成及性能

通过Pechmann法使间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯发生脱水缩合反应,合成了4-甲基-7-羟基香豆素,再与六次甲基四胺反应,生成7-羟基-4-甲基-8-甲酰基香豆素,最终与吲哚酰肼发生席夫碱反应合成一种香豆素类荧光探针L。通过核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)、质谱(MS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、荧光发射光谱仪和紫外可见分光光度计等技术手段研究该探针L的结构及其荧光性能。结果表明,探针L与Zn~(2+)的配合比为1∶1,对Zn~(2+)的检测限达到3.6×10~(-8)mol/L,降低了对Zn~(2+)的检测浓度,同时探针L对锌离子具有高选择性,可应用于在生物体内Zn~(2+)的检测。     

Bifunctional fluorescent probes for hydrogen peroxide and diols based on a 1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore

This report discloses a series of naphthalimide-based bifunctional fluorescent probes for hydrogen peroxide and diols.As a result,these molecules not only demonstrated high turn-on fluorescent response and good selectivity towards hydrogen peroxide over other relevant reactive oxygen species,but also displayed different responses to diols.Therefore,these fluorescent probes could be served as sensitive,selective and practical chemosensors for both hydrogen peroxide and diols under physiologicallike conditions.     

Two near-infrared highly sensitive cyanine fluorescent probes for pH monitoring

Two near-infrared(NIR) p H-activated heptamethine indocyanine probes with quaternary ammonium unit were designed and synthesized. The absorption and emission titrations indicate that cationic structure improves the cyanine dye's aqueous solubility and these two probes exhibit highly sensitive response to p H in acid condition. Their fluorescence intensities both gradually increase about 25-fold from p H 7.60 to 3.00 with p Ka values of 4.72 and 4.45 respectively, which are suitable for studying acidic organelles in living cells. Moreover, their fluorescence intensities are linearly proportional to p H values in the range of 5.50–4.00. These results are probably attributed to the protonation of the indole nitrogen atoms, which are verified by 1H NMR spectra. Furthermore, these two probes can achieve real-time imaging of cellular p H and detection of p H in situ in living He La cells due to their excellent properties,including good reversibility, desirable photostability, high selectivity, low cytotoxicity and remarkable membrane permeability.     

Novel Boronate Probe Based on 3-Benzothiazol-2-yl-7-hydroxy-chromen-2-one for the Detection of Peroxynitrite and Hypochlorite

Derivatives of coumarin, containing oxidant-sensitive boronate group, were recently developed for fluorescent detection of inflammatory oxidants. Here, we report the synthesis and the characterization of 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-7-coumarin boronic acid pinacol ester (BC-BE) as a fluorescent probe for the detection of peroxynitrite (ONOO^–), with high stability and a fast response time. The BC-BE probe hydrolyzes in phosphate buffer to 3-(2-benzothiazolyl)-7-coumarin boronic acid (BC-BA) which is stable in the solution even after a prolonged incubation time (24 h). BC-BA is slowly oxidized by H₂O₂ to form the phenolic product, 3-benzothiazol-2-yl-7-hydroxy-chromen-2-one (BC-OH). On the other hand, the BC-BA probe reacts rapidly with ONOO⁻. The ability of the BC-BA probe to detect ONOO^– was measured using both authentic ONOO^– and the system co-generating steady-state fluxes of O₂^•– and ^•NO. BC-BA is oxidized by ONOO^– to BC-OH. However, in this reaction 3-benzothiazol-2-yl-chromen-2-one (BC-H) is formed in the minor pathway, as a peroxynitrite-specific product. BC-OH is also formed in the reaction of BC-BA with HOCl, and subsequent reaction of BC-OH with HOCl leads to the formation of a chlorinated phenolic product, which could be used as a specific product for HOCl. We conclude that BC-BA shows potential as an improved fluorescent probe for the detection of peroxynitrite and hypochlorite in biological settings. Complementation of the fluorescence measurements by HPLC-based identification of oxidant-specific products will help to identify the oxidants detected.     

N-(取代)-1,3,4-噻二唑基香豆素酰胺类化合物的合成及光谱特性

用6-氯香豆素-3-甲酰氯(Ⅰ)和5-(取代)-2-氨基-1,3,4-噻二唑(Ⅱa-Ⅱi)作用合成了9种新的目标化合物(Ⅲa-Ⅲi),用HRMS,IR和1 H NMR对化合物结构进行了表征,确定了化合物的结构,并对其紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行了分析.研究发现:在紫外光谱中,新化合物(Ⅲa-Ⅲi)和2种原料化合物相比,因共轭链的增长而使其最大吸收波长(λmax)红移;9种化合物表现出比原料化合物(Ⅰ)较强的荧光性能.     

基于香豆素-肟的次氯酸根探针的设计、合成及荧光成像应用

通过将香豆素的2-位内酯转化为肟基,设计、合成了一种用于基于香豆素-肟类的次氯酸根荧光探针Cou-HC.Cou-HC不仅对次氯酸根表现出快速和高选择性响应的特点,而且探针氧化后的产物不会与生物硫醇等发生反应,从而可以避免生物硫醇对于次氯酸根响应的干扰.细胞成像实验结果表明,探针可以对RAW 264.7细胞中内源性和外源...