La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3－α陶瓷的质子导电性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3－a陶瓷样品, 用XRD, DSC-TGA, SEM, 交流阻抗谱, 气体浓差电池及气体电化学透过等方法对样品的结构和性质进行了表征和测试. 首次对该样品的质子导电性能进行了研究. 该陶瓷样品具有良好的微观结构, 相对密度达95.1%; 氢浓差电池电动势的实测值与理论值吻合, 离子迁移数为1; 在干燥的氧气气氛中是一个纯的氧离子导体; 氢的电化学透过速率的实测值与理论值吻合, 证明该样品在氢气气氛中几乎是一个纯的质子导体, 质子电导率在1000 ℃时高达0.14 S•cm^－1.     

La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3与La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05O3电导的对比

采用固相合成法制备了La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3(LSGM8282)和La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.15Co0.05O3 (LSGMC5), 利用四电极交流阻抗法和Hebb-Wagner 极化法对比研究了两种材料的总电导率和电子电导率. 实验结果表明, LSGM8282 的总电导率与氧分压无明显依赖关系, 而LSGMC5 的总电导率在高氧分压区随氧分压降低而增加,在中等氧分压区域基本保持不变. 在973-1173 K的温度范围内, LSGM8282的自由电子电导率以及电子空穴电导率的氧分压级数分别为-1/4和1/4.在1073-1173 K的温度范围内, LSGMC5的自由电子电导率以及电子空穴电导率的氧分压级数分别为-1/4和约为1/8, 表明LSGMC5的空穴产生机制可能与LSGM8282不同. LSGM8282 的氧离子电导率与氧分压无关, 而LSGMC5 的氧离子电导率在高氧分压区随氧分压的减小而增加.     

Spin-glass-like behavior in SmFeAsO0.8F0.2

The iron-based oxypnictide superconductor SmFeAsO_0.8F_0.2 was synthesized under high pressure and investigated by measuring the dc magnetic susceptibility. The zero-field cooled (ZFC) magnetic susceptibility confirmed the bulk superconductivity of the sample with a critical temperature T_c ≈ 50 K and a significant jump in magnetization at ～4.3 K, usually attributed to the antiferromagnetic ordering of Sm³⁺ ions in this system. Since the occurrence of the jump depends on the cooling history, our data strongly suggest a spin-glass-like behavior.     

La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8的电化学性质及其在SOFC中的应用

采用凝胶浇注法制备具有较高氧离子电导率的固体电解质La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8粉料.X射线衍射结果表明,于1400℃焙烧后即形成了钙钛矿结构,无杂相存在.探讨了粉料压制坯体的致密化和导电性能在1450℃下与烧结时间的关系,发现烧结时间为18h时其相对密度达98.3%,而在24h的情况下,样品具有最佳的氧离子导电性.采用Ni-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9作为阳极,La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.6Ni0.4O2.7作为阴极,组装了平板型固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC).阳极和阴极分别通入含3%H2O的氢气和空气,750℃时的开路电压为1.04V,最大输出功率密度(P)达252mW/cm2(U=0.48V,J=525mA/cm2).     

低热固相反应制备ni0.6cu0.2zn0.2fe2o4纳米晶铁氧体

低热固相反应;溶胶凝胶;nicuzn铁氧体     

Synthesis and enhanced electrochemical properties of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials via SDBS-assisted hydrothermal method

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) materials with shuttle-like hierarchical micro architecture are prepared by sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) assisted...     

Effects of charging rates on LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC622)/graphite Li-ion cells

Enabling fast charging capability of lithium-ion battery is of great importance to widespread adoption of electric vehicles.Increasing the charging rates from state-of-the-art 2 C(30 min)to 6 C(10 min)requires deep understanding on the cell aging mechanism.In this study,400 mAh pouch cells are cycled at 1 C,4 C and 6 C charging rates with 1 C discharging rate.Capacity fading,cathode structural changes,Li inventory loss,electrolyte composition changes and Li plating on graphite electrodes are thoroughly studied by various characterization techniques.The rapid capacity fading in cells at 6 C charging rate is mainly due to Li inventory loss from cathode structure and metallic Li plating on graphite electrode at higher charging rate.Post-mortem analysis also revealed changes in electrolyte such as increased salt molarity and transesterification during fast charging.     

高比容量锂离子电池正极材料LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)的制备及性能北大核心CSCD

以LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)为研究对象,通过共沉淀法制备了不同F物质的量分数(0%、1%、3%、5%)的LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)三元正极材料(NCM),通过对NCM材料的晶格结构、微观形貌、电化学性能进行分析,结果表明:F掺杂后提高了NCM材料的结晶度,降低了阳离子混乱程度,适量的F掺杂有助于减小NCM三元正极材料的尺寸和提高均匀性,F的掺杂还能够降低NCM三元正极材料的极化现象,初始放电比容量随着F的掺杂含量升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,循环性能随着F的掺杂得到了提高,F掺杂物质的量分数为3%的NCM三元正极材料初始放电比容量167.2 mA·h/g,容量保持率达到98.5%,阻抗较小,电化学性能最优。     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 as a concentration-gradient cathode material for lithium batteries

A well-ordered and spherical LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material was successfully synthesized from Ni and Mn concentration-gradient precursors via co-precipitation. The crystal structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and charge-discharge tests. The material delivered an initial discharge capacity of 174.3 mAh/g at 180 mA/g （1 C rate） between 2.8 and 4.3 V and more than 93.1% of that was retained after 100 cycles. In addition, it also exhibited excellent rate capability, high cut-off voltage and temperature performance.     

高首效富镍正极材料LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2的合成及电化学性能研究

采用共沉淀-高温固相烧结的方法合成了富镍正极材料LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂(简称NCM622),通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD）/Rietveld精修法、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及电化学测试,对不同温度下合成材料的结构、形貌、电化学性能进行表征. 结果表明,800℃下,NCM622阳离子混排程度最低(~1.97%),首圈库伦效率高达92.2%,100圈容量保持率为81.4%.     

Plasma assisted synthesis of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode materials with good cyclic stability at subzero temperatures

Layered Ni-rich cathode materials,LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂(NCM622),are synthesized via solid reaction assisted with a plasma milling pretreatment,which is resulted in lowering sintering temperatures for solid precursors.The plasma milling pretreated NCM622 cathode material sintered at 780℃(named as PM-780)demonstrates good cycling stability at both room and subzero temperatures.Specifically,the PM-780 cathode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 171.2 mAh g^-1 and a high capacity retention of 99.7%after 300 cycles with current rate of 90 mA g^-1 at 30℃,while stable capacities of 120.3 and 94.0 m Ah g^-1 can be remained at-10℃and-20℃in propylene carbonate contained electrolyte,respectively.In-situ XRD together with XPS and SEM reveal that the NCM622 cycled at-10℃presented better structural stability and more intact interface than that of cathodes cycled at 30℃.It is also found that subzero temperatures only limit the discharge potential of NCM622 without destroying its structure during cycling since it still exhibits high discharge capacity at 30℃after cycled at subzero temperatures.This work may expand the knowledge about the low-temperature characteristics of layered cathode materials for Li-ion batteries and lay the foundation for its further applications.     

Chemical and physical properties of complex perovskites in the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3−δ–La0.8Sr0.2CuO2.4+δ–La0.8Sr0.2FeO3−δ system

Perovskites resulting from discrete changes in composition within the quasi-ternary system La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO_3−δ–La_0.8Sr_0.2CuO_2.4+δ–La_0.8Sr_0.2FeO_3−δ were investigated under constant experimental conditions with the objective of obtaining an overview of the variation of the properties relevant for possible future applications. Nineteen nominal perovskite compositions within this system were systematically selected and synthesized under identical conditions by the Pechini method. The experimental data obtained on quantitative chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction, electrical conductivity and thermal expansion are presented collectively for the first time to facilitate comparisons. The formation and distribution of the different crystallographic phases at 950 °C within this quasi-ternary system are shown. The DC electrical conductivity is strongly influenced by the Cu content and increases up to 276 S cm⁻¹ for La_0.8Sr_0.2CuO_2.4+δ. The thermal expansion is dominated by the Cu/Mn ratio and is almost independent of the Fe content.     

Na+掺杂锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.6 Co0.2 Mn0.2 O2的制备及电化学性能

采用草酸盐共沉淀法制备了钠掺杂改性的Li_0.98Na_0.02Ni_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂正极材料,借助X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、能量分散谱（EDS）、感应耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和恒电流充放电测试等手段对材料的颗粒形貌、晶体结构和电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明,掺钠后的材料具有更完善的α-NaFeO₂结构（空间群为+/Ni²⁺阳离子混排和更大的Li层间距,易于Li⁺在晶格中的快速脱嵌迁移.电化学性能测试结果证实掺钠样品具有优异的循环稳定性和高倍率性能,在2.7~4.3 V,1C下循环100次后,放电比容量仍为146 mA·h/g（容量保持率为95.4%）,在0.1C,0.2C,0.5C,1C,3C,5C,10C和20C时的放电比容量分别为181,168,162,155,143,136,126和113 mA·h/g.     

高分散Co0.2Ni1.6Fe0.2P助催化剂改性P掺杂g-C3N4纳米片高效光催化析氢的研究

随着化石燃料使用的增加和温室气体排放量持续上升,20世纪以来气温上升得更快。开发环境友好型能源取代传统化石燃料是当务之急。氢能源作为一种清洁、高效的能源,被认为是最有希望取代传统化石燃料的能源。光催化水分解水产氢作为为一种环保型技术被认为是最有前景的氢能生产方法。提高光生电子-空穴对分离效率是构建高效光催化剂的关键。然而,利用高度分散的助催化剂构建高效、稳定的产氢光催化剂仍然是一个挑战。本文首次成功地采用一步原位高温磷化法制备了高度分散的非贵金属三金属过度金属磷化Co_0.2Ni_1.6Fe_0.2P助催化剂(PCNS-CoNiFeP)掺杂P的石墨相氮化碳纳米片(PCNS)。有趣的是,PCNS-CoNiFeP与传统氢氧前驱体磷化法制备的CoNiFeP相比,没有聚集性,分散性高。X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、元素映射图像和高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM)结果表明,PCNS-CoNiFeP已成功合成。紫外-可见吸收光谱结果表明,PCNS-CoNiFeP在200–800 nm波长范围内较PCNS略有增加。光致发光光谱、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和光电流分析结果表明,CoNiFeP助催化剂能有效促进光生电子-空穴对的分离,加速载流子的迁移。线性扫描伏安法(LSV)结果还表明,负载CoNiFeP助催化剂可大大降低CNS的过电位。结果表明,以三乙醇胺溶液为牺牲剂的PCNS-CoNiFeP最大产氢速率为1200 μmol·h^-1·g^-1,是纯CNS-Pt (320 μmol·h^-1·g^-1)的4倍。在420 nm处的表观量子效率为1.4%。PCNS-CoNiFeP在光催化反应中也表现出良好的稳定性。透射电镜结果表明,6–8 nm的CoNiFeP高度分散在PCNS表面。高度分散的CoNiFeP比聚集的CoNiFeP具有更好的电荷分离能力和更高的电催化析氢活性。由此可见,聚合的CoNiFeP-PCNs (300 μmol·h^-1·g^-1)的产氢速率远低于PCNS-CoNiFeP。此外,CNS的P掺杂可以改善其电导率和电荷传输。     

Operando Observation of Structural Evolution and Kinetics of Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 at Elevated Temperature

Li[Ni_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2]O₂(NCM622) is one of the best commercialized cathodes in the battery field. However, poor cyclability at relatively high temperature hinders its multiple usages. Here, operando tests were performed to investigate the phase transitions and electron/ion transfer process of layered NCM622 at 25 and 55℃. The identified spinel structure resulting in the poor cyclability at 55℃ guides the commercialization of batteries at high temperature.     

Crystallization kinetics of chalcogenide glass Se0.8 Te0.2

The crystallization kinetics of the chalcogenide glass Se_0.8Te_0.2 was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry. The variation in partial area (X) with temperature (T) revealed that the transition from the amorphous to the crystalline phase occurs in two dimensions.Activation energies were determined for both the glass transition (E _t) and the crystallization (E _c).E _t was calculated from the variation inT _g with the heating rate (a).E _c was determined by three different methods: (i) variation inX withT, (ii) variation inT _p witha, and (iii) variation inT _c witha.E _t andE _c have values of 161.01±2.75 and 84.75 ±8.21 kJ/mol, respectively.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels DSC wurde die Kristallisierungskinetik des Chalkogenidglases Se_0.8Te_0.2 untersucht. Eine Änderung partieller Gebiete (X) mit der Temperatur (T) zeigte, daß der Übergang von der amorphen zur kristallinen Phase zweidimensional verläuft.Es wurde die Aktivierungsenergie sowohl für den Glasübergang (E _t) als auch für die Kristallisierung (E _c) bestimmt.E _t wurde mittels der Abhängigkeit vonT _g von der Aufheizgeschwindigkeit (a) ermittelt.E _c wurde auf drei verschiedene Wege bestimmt: (i) Änderung vonX in Abhängigkeit vonT, (ii) Änderung vonT _p in Abhängigkeit vona und (iii) Änderung vonT _c in Abhängigkeit vona. Die Werte vonE _t undE _c betragen 161.01±2.75 bzw. 84.75±8.21 kJ/mol.

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This work was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the GTZ GmbH and DAAD, W. Germany.     

Demonstrating oxygen loss and associated structural reorganization in the lithium battery cathode Li[Ni0.2Li0.2Mn0.6]O2

The cathode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries operates by conventional intercalation; Li+ is extracted from LiCoO2 on charging accompanied by oxidation of Co3+ to Co4+; the process is reversed on discharge. In contrast, Li+ may be extracted from Mn4+-based solids, e.g., Li2MnO3, without oxidation of Mn4+. A mechanism involving simultaneous Li and O removal is often proposed. Here, we demonstrate directly, by in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), that O2 is evolved from such Mn4+ -containing compounds, Li[Ni(0.2)Li(0.2)Mn(0.6)]O2, on charging and using powder neutron diffraction show that O loss from the surface is accompanied by diffusion of transition metal ions from surface to bulk where they occupy vacancies created by Li removal. The composition of the compound moves toward MO(2). Understanding such unconventional Li extraction is important because Li-Mn-Ni-O compounds, irrespective of whether they contain Co, can, after O loss, store 200 mAhg(-1) of charge compared with 140 mAhg(-1) for LiCoO(2).     

LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2单晶的简易制备及其电化学性能

以Ni_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2(OH)₂和LiOH·H₂O为前驱体,在LiOH·H₂O不过量的条件下,采用简单的固相焙烧法,在910℃下制备出单晶LiNi_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2O₂(NCM622)。所得材料无需水洗、烘干、退火等处理,可直接用于电极浆料的制备。电化学测试表明,所得NCM622单晶具有较高的比容量和优异的循环稳定性。在0.1C电流下的首次放电比容量达到181.2 mAh·g^-1,0.3C下的首次放电比容量为174.4 m Ah·g^-1。在0.3C的电流密度下,经过300次循环,放电比容量为150.7 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率为86.4%,经500次循环后,放电比容量仍有141.2 mAh·g^-1,容量保持率为81.0%。该电化学性能优于850℃下焙烧的多晶NCM...     

Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9固体电解质膜的制备

以硝酸铈和氧化钆为前驱物,采用凝胶浇注工艺合成了钆掺杂氧化铈（Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9,简称GDC）粉体。然后用流延工艺制备了GDC固体电解质薄膜,采用DTA－TG,XRD,TEM等方法研究了粉体的相形成,粒度等与合成工艺的关系,通过密度测定及显微组织观察等技术研究了流延生坯的烧结性能。借助交流阻抗谱仪对所制备的GDC电解质膜的电导率进行了测量。结果表明,采用本实验的凝胶浇注方法,在700℃温度下煅烧干凝胶,即可制备出纯度高,组成均匀,相结构完整,纳米粒度的GDC粉体。而且所得粉体具有较高的烧结活性,其流延生坯经1450℃烧结后的相对密度可达95％以上,所得GDC电解质膜在700℃空气中的氧离子电导率可达4.6S/m.