Spontaneous ‐Symmetry Breaking in Nonlinearly Coupled van der Pol Oscillators

Parity‐time () symmetry, initially proposed in the context of Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Field Theory, has recently been studied and demonstrated in optical and electronic systems where laboratory demonstrations are possible. The model considered here consists of two nonlinearly coupled van der Pol (VDP) oscillators, originally studied in [1]. This dimer serves as an experimental realization of a class of nonlinear systems, where the anharmonic component has gain for one oscillator and loss of equal strength for the other, so that Hermiticity is broken while symmetry is preserved. The existence of spontaneous symmetry breaking at some critical value of the gain/loss parameter is proven by use of modulation theory in the weakly nonlinear regime, and by use of asymptotic methods to demonstrate relaxed oscillations for a strongly nonlinear coupling. We then prove similar phenomena in an infinite chain composed of such VDP dimers in the long‐wave limit. Finally, we perform initial studies of asymmetric transport properties in the VDP arrays.     

Reliability of Coupled Oscillators

We study the reliability of phase oscillator networks in response to fluctuating inputs. Reliability means that an input elicits essentially identical responses upon repeated presentations, regardless of the network’s initial condition. Single oscillators are well known to be reliable. We show in this paper that unreliable behavior can occur in a network as small as a coupled oscillator pair in which the signal is received by the first oscillator and relayed to the second with feedback. A geometric explanation based on shear-induced chaos at the onset of phase-locking is proposed. We treat larger networks as decomposed into modules connected by acyclic graphs, and give a mathematical analysis of the acyclic parts. Moreover, for networks in this class, we show how the source of unreliability can be localized, and address questions concerning downstream propagation of unreliability once it is produced.     

Dependence of the Dynamics of a Model of Coupled Oscillators on the Number of Oscillators

Doklady Mathematics - In this paper we study the nonlocal dynamics of a model describing N coupled oscillators with delay. Studying the asymptotics of solutions of the original system is reduced to...     

Flight Control of Biomimetic Air Vehicles Using Vibrational Control and Averaging

A combination of vibrational inputs and state feedback is applied to control the flight of a biomimetic air vehicle. First, a control strategy is developed for longitudinal flight, using a quasi-steady aerodynamic model and neglecting wing inertial effects. Vertical and forward motion is controlled by modulating the wings’ stroke and feather angles, respectively. Stabilizing control parameter values are determined using the time-averaged dynamic model. Simulations of a system resembling a hawkmoth show that the proposed controller can overcome modeling error associated with the wing inertia and small parameter uncertainties when following a prescribed trajectory. After introducing the approach through an application to longitudinal flight, the control strategy is extended to address flight in three-dimensional space.     

Linearly Coupled,Slowly Varying Oscillators

A dynamical system is considered whose normal frequencies and normal modes vary slowly with time in such a way that two frequencies come into close coincidence. When this occurs the corresponding normal modes undergo a drastic change in their physical properties. Away from coincidence, each normal mode conserves its action. A multiple-time-scale asymptotic procedure is employed to derive equations which describe the mode coupling at coincidence. These equations are solved exactly using parabolic cylinder functions. It is found that in general, action is exchanged between modes at coincidence, but that except for very strong coupling the amount of action exchanged is quite small.     

Heteroclinic Ratchets in Networks of Coupled Oscillators

We analyze an example system of four coupled phase oscillators and discover a novel phenomenon that we call a “heteroclinic ratchet”; a particular type of robust heteroclinic network on a torus where connections wind in only one direction. The coupling structure has only one symmetry, but there are a number of invariant subspaces and degenerate bifurcations forced by the coupling structure, and we investigate these. We show that the system can have a robust attracting heteroclinic network that responds to a specific detuning Δ between certain pairs of oscillators by a breaking of phase locking for arbitrary Δ>0 but not for Δ≤0. Similarly, arbitrary small noise results in asymmetric desynchronization of certain pairs of oscillators, where particular oscillators have always larger frequency after the loss of synchronization. We call this heteroclinic network a heteroclinic ratchet because of its resemblance to a mechanical ratchet in terms of its dynamical consequences. We show that the existence of heteroclinic ratchets does not depend on symmetry or number of oscillators but depends on the specific connection structure of the coupled system.     

耦合Van der Pol-Duffing振子的强共振分叉解

本文用多尺度方法研究了一非线性耦合Ｖａｒ ｄｅｒ Ｐｏｌ－Ｄｕｆｆｉｎｇ振子在强共振情形下的分叉解,研究表明,当分叉参数取不同值时,此系统将出现单个振子的周期运动、两个振子的锁频分叉运动和拟周期分叉运动,同时,本文也给出一些数值结果,以验证理论的正确性。     

Numerical Analysis of the Synchronization of Coupled Chemical Oscillators

A reaction–diffusion model describing a system of coupled oscillators is constructed and investigated. The oscillators in this study are chemical oscillators that represent an oscillatory heterogeneous catalytic reaction in a granular catalyst layer. The oscillators are arranged serially in the reagent stream and are coupled through the gaseous phase. The dynamic behavior of the system is investigated as a function of the main external parameter — the partial pressure of one of the reagents in the gaseous phase. Existence regions of regular and chaotic oscillations are identified. Synchronization conditions are established for the oscillations in such a chain of coupled chemical oscillators.     

n维耦合振子格点系统的同步性

本文通过在相空间中引入新范数的方法研究了Dirichlet,Neumann,周期三个不同边界条件下带有周期外力的n维二阶耦合振子格点系统的同步性.在Dirichlet边界条件下,如果系统非线性项的一阶偏导数有界,则当耦合系数足够大时,系统是有界耗散的并且任意两个解之间是同步的.在Neumann与周期边界条件下,如果不同子系统的外力之间的差和不同子系统的非线性项之间的差都比较小,并且系统是有界耗散的,则当耦合系数足够大时,系统任意一个解的任意两个分量之间是渐近同步的.这两种情况下,当耦合系数c_1→+∞,c_2→+∞时,系统任意一个解的任意两个分量之间是同步的.     

非线性耦合R(o)ssler系统的相位同步化

讨论了具有1:1和1:2内共振非线性耦合系统的混沌相位同步.通过引入混沌运动的相位定义说明对于不同的内共振系统,在相对小的参数下两个子系统的平均频率差接近于0,即在弱相互作用下两个振子相位同步.随着耦合力的增加,平均频率差有波动,与1:2内共振情形相比,在主共振条件下两个子系统平均频率差的波动较小,即使在弱作用下也是如此.线性耦合力的增加增强了相位同步效应,而非线性耦合力的增加使得两个子系统由相位同步向不同步转化,且相位动力学与Liapunov的变化有关,这也可以通过扩散云图来证实.     

Chaos and Hyperchaos in Coupled Antiphase Driven Toda Oscillators

The dynamics of two coupled antiphase driven Toda oscillators is studied. We demonstrate three different routes of transition to chaotic dynamics associated with different bifurcations of periodic and quasi-periodic regimes. As a result of these, two types of chaotic dynamics with one and two positive Lyapunov exponents are observed. We argue that the results obtained are robust as they can exist in a wide range of the system parameters.     

The Passage of Weakly Coupled Nonlinear Oscillators through Internal Resonance

An asymptotic procedure for deriving equations governing the passage of a weakly coupled nonlinear system of oscillators is discussed. The procedure avoids an inner-outer-matching technique and is valid when the small coupling and detuning parameters are arbitrary. Resonance is permitted to occur at one or several instances of time or to last for a finite length of time. Numerical results are discussed.     

Nonlinearly Coupled KdV Equations Describing the Interaction of Equatorial and Midlatitude Rossby Waves

Amplitude equations governing the nonlinear resonant interaction of equatorial baroclinic and barotropic Rossby waves were derived by Majda and Biello and used as a model for long range interactions （teleconnections） between the tropical and midlatitude troposphere. An overview of that derivation is nonlinear wave theory, but not in atmospheric presented and geared to readers versed in sciences. In the course of the derivation, two other sets of asymptotic equations are presented： the long equatorial wave equations and the weakly nonlinear, long equatorial wave equations. A linear transformation recasts the amplitude equations as nonlinear and linearly coupled KdV equations governing the amplitude of two types of modes, each of which consists of a coupled tropical/midlatitude flow. In the limit of Rossby waves with equal dispersion, the transformed amplitude equations become two KdV equations coupled only through nonlinear fluxes. Four numerical integrations are presented which show （i） the interaction of two solitons, one from either mode, （ii） and （iii） the interaction of a soliton in the presence of different mean wind shears, and （iv） the interaction of two solitons mediated by the presence of a mean wind shear.     

Quorum Sensing in Populations of Spatially Extended Chaotic Oscillators Coupled Indirectly via a Heterogeneous Environment

Many biological and chemical systems could be modeled by a population of oscillators coupled indirectly via a dynamical environment. Essentially, the environment by which the individual element communicates with each other is heterogeneous. Nevertheless, most of previous works considered the homogeneous case only. Here we investigated the dynamical behaviors in a population of spatially distributed chaotic oscillators immersed in a heterogeneous environment. Various dynamical synchronization states (such as oscillation death, phase synchronization, and complete synchronized oscillation) as well as their transitions were explored. In particular, we uncovered a non-traditional quorum sensing transition: increasing the population density leaded to a transition from oscillation death to synchronized oscillation at first, but further increasing the density resulted in degeneration from complete synchronization to phase synchronization or even from phase synchronization to desynchronization. The underlying mechanism of this finding was attributed to the dual roles played by the population density. What’s more, by treating the environment as another component of the oscillator, the full system was then effectively equivalent to a locally coupled system. This fact allowed us to utilize the master stability functions approach to predict the occurrence of complete synchronization oscillation, which agreed with that from the direct numerical integration of the system. The potential candidates for the experimental realization of our model were also discussed.     

Zeros of Entire Functions and Related Systems of Infinitely Many Nonlinearly Coupled Evolution Equations

Recent findings concerning the zeros of generic polynomials are extended to entire functions featuring infinitely many distinct zeros, and related systems of infinitely many nonlinearly coupled evolution ODEs and PDEs are identified, the solutions of which display interesting properties.     

A Conic Trust-Region Method for Nonlinearly Constrained Optimization

Trust-region methods are powerful optimization methods. The conic model method is a new type of method with more information available at each iteration than standard quadratic-based methods. Can we combine their advantages to form a more powerful method for constrained optimization? In this paper we give a positive answer and present a conic trust-region algorithm for non-linearly constrained optimization problems. The trust-region subproblem of our method is to minimize a conic function subject to the linearized constraints and the trust region bound. The use of conic functions allows the model to interpolate function values and gradient values of the Lagrange function at both the current point and previous iterate point. Since conic functions are the extension of quadratic functions, they approximate general nonlinear functions better than quadratic functions. At the same time, the new algorithm possesses robust global properties. In this paper we establish the global convergence of the new algorithm under standard conditions.     

Linearly Coupled,Slowly Varying Oscillators: The Interaction of a Positive-Energy Mode With a Negative-Energy Mode

A linear dynamical system is considered whose normal frequencies and normal modes come into close coincidence. The case when both modes have positive energy has been discussed by Grimshaw and Allen (1979). Here the case when one mode has positive energy and the other mode has negative energy is discussed. Coupled equations are derived and solved exactly using parabolic cylinder functions. It is found that the action in both modes grows during the coupling.     

解非线性优化问题的锥模型信赖域方法

Trust region methods are powerful and effective optimization methods. The conic model method is a new type of method with more information available at each iteration than standard quadratic-based methods. The advantages of the above two methods can be combined to form a more powerful method for constrained optimization. The trust region subproblem of our method is to minimize a conic function subject to the linearized constraints and trust region bound. At the same time, the new algorithm still possesses robust global properties. The global convergence of the new algorithm under standard conditions is established.