Some Remarks on the Numerical Solution of a Strain Gradient Plasticity Theory

A one-dimensional strain gradient plasticity model is reviewed in the context of Finite Element Method (FEM) solvability. It is found that under certain conditions specified the resulting system of two coupled partial differential equations in space and time leads to a symmetric global stiffness matrix. This is achieved upon standard weak form approach and yields a favorable system for an efficient numerical solution. (© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

一种非经典晶体塑性本构模型及其应用

根据不可逆变形过程中材料微结构的储能特性，采用由弹簧和塑性阻尼器构成的简单机械模型建立了不采用屈服判据的单晶本构关系·在此基础上形成了与ＫＢＷ自洽理论相应的多晶计算格式·计算格式中无需对滑移系的开动和滑移方向进行搜索，使计算过程大为简化·在多晶体分析中，提出了一种基于正２０面体各面内取向随机分布单晶响应的高斯平均和在空间完全均匀分布的２０个方向上算术平均的混合平均方案，与通常的纯高斯积分平均方案相比，在计算精度和效率上都有较大提高·用所发展的模型和算法分析了３１６不锈钢在具有代表性的路径下的循环塑性，得到了与实验相一致的结果·     

A Conservative Formulation and a Numerical Algorithm for the Double-Gyre Nonlinear Shallow-Water Model

We present a conservative formulation and a numerical algorithm for the reduced-gravity shallow-water equations on a beta plane, subjected to a constant wind forcing that leads to the formation of double-gyre circulation in a closed ocean basin. The novelty of the paper is that we reformulate the governing equations into a nonlinear hyperbolic conservation law plus source terms. A second-order fractional-step algorithm is used to solve the reformulated equations. In the first step of the fractional-step algorithm, we solve the homogeneous hyperbolic shallow-water equations by the wave-propagation finite volume method. The resulting intermediate solution is then used as the initial condition for the initial-boundary value problem in the second step. As a result, the proposed method is not sensitive to the choice of viscosity and gives high-resolution results for coarse grids, as long as the Rossby deformation radius is resolved. We discuss the boundary conditions in each step, when no-slip boundary conditions are imposed to the problem. We validate the algorithm by a periodic flow on an $f$-plane with exact solutions. The order-of-accuracy for the proposed algorithm is tested numerically. We illustrate a quasi-steady-state solution of the double-gyre model via the height anomaly and the contour of stream function for the formation of double-gyre circulation in a closed basin. Our calculations are highly consistent with the results reported in the literature. Finally, we present an application, in which the double-gyre model is coupled with the advection equation for modeling transport of a pollutant in a closed ocean basin.     

Formulation and Numerical Implementation of Ferroelectrics at Large Strains

In recent years, an increasing interest has been shown in functional materials such as ferroelectric polymers. For such materials, viscous effects and electric polarizations cause hysteresis phenomena accompanied with possibly large remanent strains and rotations. Ferroelectric polymers have many attractive characteristics. They are light, inexpensive, fracture tolerant, and pliable. Furthermore, they can be manufactured into almost any conceivable shape and their properties can be tailored to suit a broad range of requirements. In this work, continuous and discrete variational formulations are exploited for the treatment of the non-linear dissipative response of ferroelectric polymers under electrical loading. The point of departure is a general internal variable formulation that determines the hysteretic response of this class of materials in terms of an energy storage and a rate-dependent dissipation function. The ferroelectric constitutive assumptions, which account for specific problems arising in the geometric nonlinear setting, are discussed. With regard to the choice of the internal variables, a critical factor is the kinematic assumptions. Here, we propose the multiplicative decomposition of the local deformation gradient into reversible and remanent parts, where the latter is characterized by a metric tensor. (© 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Variational Formulation and Numerical Implementation of Diffusion in Hydrogels at Finite Strains

Hydrogels are polymeric materials with a cross-linked network which can absorb water. Due to their bio-compatibility, hydrogels have many applications in biology and medicine. Recently modeling the mechanical behavior of hydrogels has attracted a great deal of attention among researchers, see e.g., [1] and [2]. Following our previous works [3], [4] and [5] we now present a variational framework for swelling phenomenon in hydrogels. The variational formulation of the problem can be done using a saddle-point principle or a minimization principle. Saddle-point principle has to fulfill the Ladyzhenskaya-Babuška-Brezzi (LBB) condition in order to lead to a stable finite element scheme. The key aspect of our proposed minimization principle is its advantage with regard to an unconstrained fem implementation. In this work we aim to compare the numerical performance of these two variational formulations for swelling of hydrogels. (© 2015 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A Phase Field Approach for Martensitic Transformations and Crystal Plasticity

This work is motivated by cryogenic turning which allows end shape machining and simultaneously attaining a hardened surface due to deformation induced martensitic transformations. To study the process on the microscale, a multivariant phase field model for martensitic transformations in conjunction with a crystal plastic material model is introduced. The evolution of microstructure is assumed to follow a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation. To solve the field equations the finite element method is used. Time integration is performed with Euler backward schemes, on the global level for the evolution equation of the phase field, and on the element level for the crystal plastic material law. (© 2014 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

多等级交通流LWR模型中的非线性波描述与WENO数值逼近

证明了交通流多等级LWR(Lighthill-Whitham-Richards)模型的双曲性质,并根据交通流的特征给出关于其非线性波的描述,主要包括车流通过激波和稀疏波时密度和速度的单调性变化．由于方程组没有显式的特征分解,所以引入具有高分辨和高精度的WENO(weighted essentially non~oscillatory)格式作数值模拟,得到与理论描述完全一致的数值结果．     

A Novel Formulation of Point Vortex Dynamics on the Sphere: Geometrical and Numerical Aspects

In this paper, we present a novel Lagrangian formulation of the equations of motion for point vortices on the unit 2-sphere. We show first that no linear Lagrangian formulation exists directly on the 2-sphere but that a Lagrangian may be constructed by pulling back the dynamics to the 3-sphere by means of the Hopf fibration. We then use the isomorphism of the 3-sphere with the Lie group SU(2) to derive a variational Lie group integrator for point vortices which is symplectic, second-order, and preserves the unit-length constraint. At the end of the paper, we compare our integrator with classical fourth-order Runge–Kutta, the second-order midpoint method, and a standard Lie group Munthe-Kaas method.     

A Phase Field Model for Three-Dimensional Dynamic Fracture and its Efficient Numerical Implementation

The numerical modeling of dynamic failure mechanisms in solids due to fracture based on sharp crack discontinuities suffers in situations with complex crack topologies and demands the formulation of additional branching criteria. This drawback can be overcome by a diffusive crack modeling, which is based on the introduction of a crack phase field. We focus on the extension of a recently developed phase field model for fracture from the quasi-static setting towards the dynamic setting. It is obtained by taking into account inertial terms and associated dynamic integrators. The introduction of a history field, containing a maximum fracture-driving energy, provides a very transparent representation of the balance equation that governs the diffusive crack topology. In particular, it allows for the construction of an extremely robust operator split technique. In a subsequent step, the proposed model is extended to three dimensional problems. The dynamic treatment opens the door to the analysis of complex fracture phenomena like multiple crack branching and crack arrest. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

关于一个新型转捩模式的研究与应用

采用了新型的转捩预测模式,将间歇因子耦合到湍流脉动输运方程中去,计及流体转捩的内在因素,因而能够反映转捩的具体发展过程.以二维不可压平板边界层和二维NACA0012翼型为例,研究了该转捩模式在预测不可压转捩流动时的作用,得到与实验值符合良好的计算结果.同时也研究了该转捩模式在不同网格分辨率下的计算能力和对近壁面网格分辨率的要求.     

基于应变梯度理论的粘塑性厚壁圆筒和球壳极限内压分析

基于应变梯度塑性理论,分析了内压作用下厚壁圆筒和球壳的塑性极限荷载．结果表明:圆筒内径在微米量级时,存在尺度效应现象,内径减小,其尺度效应增强;变形越大,影响越大;应变速率敏感指数越大,尺度效应越明显．经典塑性理论结果是当前解的特例．     

股票价格波动的塑性性质及模型探讨

首先基于股票价格和成交量，根据股票的量价规律，分析了股价波动的塑性性质；然后使用计量经济学方法建立描述股价波动的塑性模型，包括股价塑性基本模型、基本模型的一阶自回归模型、幂指数模型及幂指数模型的一阶自回归模型，基于12支样本股对这些模型进行参数估计和检验；最后对4种形式的股价塑性模型进行了总结。由4种模型均能够通过经济学检验和统计学检验可知股价波动具有塑性性质，且幂指数模型描述股价塑性较为科学、合理。     

考虑二次梯度影响的非线性渗流模型的预估校正法

本文建立了考虑变形介质和启动压力梯度影响的低渗透渗流数学模型,采用稳定性和收敛性都很好的预估校正法求解模型,并进行了精度分析。最后对启动压力梯度和渗透率模数的敏感性进行了对比分析,结果表明启动压力梯度对后期压力曲线的影响都要大于渗透率模数的影响。