On the representation of integers as linear combinations of consecutive values of a polynomial

Let be a cyclotomic field with ring of integers and let be a polynomial whose values on belong to . If the ideal of generated by the values of on is itself, then every algebraic integer of may be written in the following form:

for some integer , where the 's are roots of unity of . Moreover, there are two effective constants and such that the least integer (for a fixed ) is less than , where

     

Rotation topological factors of minimal -actions on the Cantor set

In this paper we study conditions under which a free minimal -action on the Cantor set is a topological extension of the action of rotations, either on the product of -tori or on a single -torus . We extend the notion of linearly recurrent systems defined for -actions on the Cantor set to -actions, and we derive in this more general setting a necessary and sufficient condition, which involves a natural combinatorial data associated with the action, allowing the existence of a rotation topological factor of one of these two types.

     

Characterizations of function spaces on the sphere using frames

In this paper we introduce a polynomial frame on the unit sphere of , for which every distribution has a wavelet-type decomposition. More importantly, we prove that many function spaces on the sphere , such as , and Besov spaces, can be characterized in terms of the coefficients in the wavelet decompositions, as in the usual Euclidean case . We also study a related nonlinear -term approximation problem on . In particular, we prove both a Jackson-type inequality and a Bernstein-type inequality associated to wavelet decompositions, which extend the corresponding results obtained by R. A. DeVore, B. Jawerth and V. Popov (``Compression of wavelet decompositions', Amer. J. Math. 114 (1992), no. 4, 737-785).

     

The periodic isoperimetric problem

Given a discrete group of isometries of , we study the -isoperimetric problem, which consists of minimizing area (modulo ) among surfaces in which enclose a -invariant region with a prescribed volume fraction. If is a line group, we prove that solutions are either families of round spheres or right cylinders. In the doubly periodic case we prove that for most rank two lattices, solutions must be spheres, cylinders or planes. For the remaining rank two lattices we show, among other results, an isoperimetric inequality in terms of the topology of the isoperimetric surfaces. Finally, we study the case where (the group of symmetries of the integer rank three lattice ) and other crystallographic groups of cubic type. We prove that isoperimetric solutions must be spheres if the prescribed volume fraction is less than , and we give an isoperimetric inequality for -invariant regions that, for instance, implies that the area (modulo ) of a surface dividing the three space in two -invariant regions with equal volume fractions, is at least (the conjectured solution is the classical Schwarz triply periodic minimal surface whose area is ). Another consequence of this isoperimetric inequality is that -symmetric surfaces (other than families of spheres) cannot be isoperimetric for the lattice group .

     

A generalization of half-plane mappings to the ball in

Let be a normalized (, ) biholomorphic mapping of the unit ball onto a convex domain that is the union of lines parallel to some unit vector . We consider the situation in which there is one infinite singularity of on . In one case with a simple change-of-variables, we classify all convex mappings of that are half-plane mappings in the first coordinate. In the more complicated case, when is not in the span of the infinite singularity, we derive a form of the mappings in dimension .

     

Boundary correspondence of Nevanlinna counting functions for self-maps of the unit disc

Let be a holomorphic self-map of the unit disc . For every , there is a measure on (sometimes called Aleksandrov measure) defined by the Poisson representation . Its singular part measures in a natural way the ``affinity' of for the boundary value . The affinity for values inside is provided by the Nevanlinna counting function of . We introduce a natural measure-valued refinement of and establish that the measures are obtained as boundary values of the refined Nevanlinna counting function . More precisely, we prove that is the weak limit of whenever converges to non-tangentially outside a small exceptional set . We obtain a sharp estimate for the size of in the sense of capacity.

     

Some new results in multiplicative and additive Ramsey theory

There are several notions of largeness that make sense in any semigroup, and others such as the various kinds of density that make sense in sufficiently well-behaved semigroups including and . It was recently shown that sets in which are multiplicatively large must contain arbitrarily large geoarithmetic progressions, that is, sets of the form , as well as sets of the form . Consequently, given a finite partition of , one cell must contain such configurations. In the partition case we show that we can get substantially stronger conclusions. We establish some combined additive and multiplicative Ramsey theoretic consequences of known algebraic results in the semigroups and , derive some new algebraic results, and derive consequences of them involving geoarithmetic progressions. For example, we show that given any finite partition of there must be, for each , sets of the form together with , the arithmetic progression , and the geometric progression in one cell of the partition. More generally, we show that, if is a commutative semigroup and a partition regular family of finite subsets of , then for any finite partition of and any , there exist and such that is contained in a cell of the partition. Also, we show that for certain partition regular families and of subsets of , given any finite partition of some cell contains structures of the form for some .

     

Algebraic gamma monomials and double coverings of cyclotomic fields

We investigate the properties of algebraic gamma monomials--that is, algebraic numbers which are expressible as monomials in special values of the classical gamma function. Recently Anderson has constructed a double complex , to compute , where is the universal ordinary distribution. We use the double complex to deduce explicit formulae for algebraic gamma monomials. We provide simple proofs of some previously known results of Deligne on algebraic gamma monomials. Deligne used the theory of Hodge cycles for his results. By contrast, our proofs are constructive and relatively elementary. Given a Galois extension , we define a double covering of to be an extension of degree , such that is Galois. We demonstrate that each class gives rise to a double covering of , by . When lifts a canonical basis element indexed by two odd primes, we show that this double covering can be non-abelian. However, if represents any of the canonical basis classes indexed by an odd squarefree positive integer divisible by at least four primes, then the Galois group of is abelian and hence . The may very well be a new supply of abelian units. The relevance of these units to the unit index formula for cyclotomic fields calls for further investigations.

     

The co-area formula for Sobolev mappings

We extend Federer's co-area formula to mappings belonging to the Sobolev class , , m$">, and more generally, to mappings with gradient in the Lorentz space . This is accomplished by showing that the graph of in is a Hausdorff -rectifiable set.

     

Definably simple groups in o-minimal structures

Let be a group definable in an o-minimal structure . A subset of is -definable if is definable in the structure (while definable means definable in the structure ). Assume has no -definable proper subgroup of finite index. In this paper we prove that if has no nontrivial abelian normal subgroup, then is the direct product of -definable subgroups such that each is definably isomorphic to a semialgebraic linear group over a definable real closed field. As a corollary we obtain an o-minimal analogue of Cherlin's conjecture.

     

Sheared algebra maps and operation bialgebras for mod 2 homology and cohomology

The mod 2 Steenrod algebra and Dyer-Lashof algebra have both striking similarities and differences arising from their common origins in ``lower-indexed' algebraic operations. These algebraic operations and their relations generate a bigraded bialgebra , whose module actions are equivalent to, but quite different from, those of and . The exact relationships emerge as ``sheared algebra bijections', which also illuminate the role of the cohomology of . As a bialgebra, has a particularly attractive and potentially useful structure, providing a bridge between those of and , and suggesting possible applications to the Miller spectral sequence and the structure of Dickson algebras.

     

Filtrations in semisimple rings

In this paper, we describe the maximal bounded -filtrations of Artinian semisimple rings. These turn out to be the filtrations associated to finite -gradings. We also consider simple Artinian rings with involution, in characteristic , and we determine those bounded -filtrations that are maximal subject to being stable under the action of the involution. Finally, we briefly discuss the analogous questions for filtrations with respect to other Archimedean ordered groups.

     

On Vassiliev knot invariants induced from finite type 3-manifold invariants

We prove that the knot invariant induced by a -homology 3-sphere invariant of order in Ohtsuki's sense, where , is of order . The method developed in our computation shows that there is no -homology 3-sphere invariant of order 5.

     

Cohomology operations for Lie algebras

If is a Lie algebra over and its centre, the natural inclusion extends to a representation of the exterior algebra of in the cohomology of . We begin a study of this representation by examining its Poincaré duality properties, its associated higher cohomology operations and its relevance to the toral rank conjecture. In particular, by using harmonic forms we show that the higher operations presented by Goresky, Kottwitz and MacPherson (1998) form a subalgebra of , and that they can be assembled to yield an explicit Hirsch-Brown model for the Borel construction associated to .

     

How to make a triangulation of polytopal

We introduce a numerical isomorphism invariant for any triangulation of . Although its definition is purely topological (inspired by the bridge number of knots), reflects the geometric properties of . Specifically, if is polytopal or shellable, then is ``small' in the sense that we obtain a linear upper bound for in the number of tetrahedra of . Conversely, if is ``small', then is ``almost' polytopal, since we show how to transform into a polytopal triangulation by local subdivisions. The minimal number of local subdivisions needed to transform into a polytopal triangulation is at least . Using our previous results [The size of triangulations supporting a given link, Geometry & Topology 5 (2001), 369-398], we obtain a general upper bound for exponential in . We prove here by explicit constructions that there is no general subexponential upper bound for in . Thus, we obtain triangulations that are ``very far' from being polytopal. Our results yield a recognition algorithm for that is conceptually simpler, although somewhat slower, than the famous Rubinstein-Thompson algorithm.

     

Luzin gaps

We isolate a class of ideals on that includes all analytic P-ideals and all ideals, and introduce `Luzin gaps' in their quotients. A dichotomy for Luzin gaps allows us to freeze gaps, and prove some gap preservation results. Most importantly, under PFA all isomorphisms between quotient algebras over these ideals have continuous liftings. This gives a partial confirmation to the author's rigidity conjecture for quotients . We also prove that the ideals and have the Radon-Nikodým property, and (using OCA) a uniformization result for -coherent families of continuous partial functions.

     

Willmore two-spheres in the four-sphere

Genus zero Willmore surfaces immersed in the three-sphere correspond via the stereographic projection to minimal surfaces in Euclidean three-space with finite total curvature and embedded planar ends. The critical values of the Willmore functional are , where , with . When the ambient space is the four-sphere , the regular homotopy class of immersions of the two-sphere is determined by the self-intersection number ; here we shall prove that the possible critical values are , where . Moreover, if , the corresponding immersion, or its antipodal, is obtained, via the twistor Penrose fibration , from a rational curve in and, if , via stereographic projection, from a minimal surface in with finite total curvature and embedded planar ends. An immersion lies in both families when the rational curve is contained in some or (equivalently) when the minimal surface of is complex with respect to a suitable complex structure of .

     

Average size of -Selmer groups of elliptic curves, I

In this paper, we study a class of elliptic curves over with -torsion group , and prove that the average order of the -Selmer groups is bounded.

     

Localization for a porous medium type equation in high dimensions

We prove the strict localization for a porous medium type equation with a source term, , , 1$">, \sigma +1$">, 0,$"> in the case of arbitrary compactly supported initial functions . We also otain an estimate of the size of the localization in terms of the support of the initial data and the blow-up time . Our results extend the well-known one dimensional result of Galaktionov and solve an open question regarding high dimensions.

     

Linking numbers in rational homology -spheres, cyclic branched covers and infinite cyclic covers

We study the linking numbers in a rational homology -sphere and in the infinite cyclic cover of the complement of a knot. They take values in and in , respectively, where denotes the quotient field of . It is known that the modulo- linking number in the rational homology -sphere is determined by the linking matrix of the framed link and that the modulo- linking number in the infinite cyclic cover of the complement of a knot is determined by the Seifert matrix of the knot. We eliminate `modulo  ' and `modulo  '. When the finite cyclic cover of the -sphere branched over a knot is a rational homology -sphere, the linking number of a pair in the preimage of a link in the -sphere is determined by the Goeritz/Seifert matrix of the knot.