On some mean values for the divisor function and the Riemann zeta-function

Let Δ(x) and E(x) denote respectively the error terms in the summatory formula for the divisor function and in the mean square formula for ζ(s) on the critical line. We consider some general mean values for Δ(x) and E(x) and discover interesting differences between these two functions. In particular, this yields evidence that E(x) is more negative than Δ(x).     

Construction of optimal quadrature formulas for Fourier coefficients in Sobolev space $L_{2}^{(m)}(0,1)$

This paper studies the problem of construction of optimal quadrature formulas in the sense of Sard in the \(L_{2}^{(m)}(0,1)\) space for numerical calculation of Fourier coefficients. Using the S.L.Sobolev’s method, we obtain new optimal quadrature formulas of such type for N+1≥m, where N+1 is the number of nodes. Moreover, explicit formulas for the optimal coefficients are obtained. We study the order of convergence of the optimal formula for the case m=1. The obtained optimal quadrature formulas in the \(L_{2}^{(m)}(0,1)\) space are exact for P _m?1(x), where P _m?1(x) is a polynomial of degree m?1. Furthermore, we present some numerical results, which confirm the obtained theoretical results.     

Approach regions for the square root of the Poisson kernel and boundary functions in certain Orlicz spaces

If the Poisson integral of the unit disc is replaced by its square root, it is known that normalized Poisson integrals of L ^p and weak L ^p boundary functions converge along approach regions wider than the ordinary nontangential cones, as proved by Rönning and the author, respectively. In this paper we characterize the approach regions for boundary functions in two general classes of Orlicz spaces. The first of these classes contains spaces L _Φ having the property L ^∞ ? L _Φ L ^p , 1 ? p > ∞. The second contains spaces L _Φ that resemble L ^p spaces.     

Tong-type identity and the mean square of the error term for an extended Selberg class

In 1956, Tong established an asymptotic formula for the mean square of the error term of the summatory function of the Piltz divisor function d3(n). The aim of this paper is to generalize Tong's method to a class of Dirichlet series L(s) which satisfies a functional equation. Let a(n) be an arithmetical function related to a Dirichlet series L(s), and let E(x) be the error term of ′n xa(n). In this paper, after introducing a class of Diriclet series with a general functional equation(which contains the well-known Selberg class), we establish a Tong-type identity and a Tong-type truncated formula for the error term of the Riesz mean of the coefficients of this Dirichlet series L(s). This kind of Tong-type truncated formula could be used to study the mean square of E(x) under a certain assumption. In other words, we reduce the mean square of E(x) to the problem of finding a suitable constant σ*which is related to the mean square estimate of L(s). We shall represent some results of functions in the Selberg class of degrees 2–4.     

On exact estimates of the convergence rate of fourier series for functions of one variable in the space <Emphasis Type="Italic">L</Emphasis> <Subscript>2</Subscript>[–π, π]

The work is devoted to exact estimates of the convergence rate of Fourier series in the trigonometric system in the space of square summable 2π-periodic functions with the Euclidean norm on certain classes of functions characterized by the generalized modulus of continuity. Some N-widths of these classes are calculated, and the residual term of one quadrature formula over equally spaced nodes for a definite integral connected with the issues under consideration is found.     

The convolution method for fourier expansions. The case of generalized transmission conditions of crack (screen) type in piecewise inhomogeneous media

We consider boundary value problems for the equation ? _x (K ? _x ?) + KL[?] = 0 in the space R ⁿ with generalized transmission conditions of the type of a strongly permeable crack or a weakly permeable screen on the surface x = 0. (Here L is an arbitrary linear differential operator with respect to the variables y ₁, …, y _n?1.) The coefficients K(x) > 0 are monotone functions of certain classes in the regions separated by the screen x = 0. The desired solution has arbitrary given singular points and satisfies a sufficiently weak condition at infinity.We derive formulas expressing the solutions of the above-mentioned problems in the form of simple quadratures via the solutions of the considered equation with a constant coefficient K for given singular points in the absence of a crack or a screen. In particular, the obtained formulas permit one to solve boundary value problems with generalized transmission conditions for equations with functional piecewise continuous coefficients in the framework of the theory of harmonic functions.     

Riesz basis property of system of root functions of second-order differential operator with involution

The properties of the root functions are studied for an arbitrary operator generated in L ₂(?1, 1) by the operation with involution of the form Lu = ?u″(x)+αu″(?x)+q(x)u(x)+ qν(x)u(ν(x)), where α ∈ (?1, 1), ν(x) is an absolutely continuous involution of the segment [?1, 1] and the coefficients q(x) and qν(x) are summable functions on (?1, 1). Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the unconditional basis property in L ₂(?1, 1) for the system of the root functions of the operator.     

On the equiconvergence rate with the Fourier integral of the spectral expansion associated with the self-adjoint extension of the Sturm-Liouville operator with uniformly locally integrable potential

In the space L ₂(?), we consider the self-adjoint extension \(\mathcal{L}\) of the Sturm-Liouville operator ly = ?y″ + q(x)y whose potential q is uniformly locally integrable on ?, i.e., satisfies the condition

$\omega _q (h) = \mathop {\sup }\limits_{x \in \mathbb{R}} \int\limits_x^{x + h} {\left| {q(t)} \right|dt < + \infty ,h > 0.} $

. We study the problem on the equiconvergence rate of the spectral expansion associated with \(\mathcal{L}\) of a function f ∈ L ₁(?) with the Fourier integral on the entire real line. We obtain uniform estimates of the equiconvergence rate under some additional conditions on f or q.

     

Optimal cubature formulas for calculation of multidimensional integrals in weighted Sobolev spaces

Optimal cubature formulas are constructed for calculations of multidimensional integrals in weighted Sobolev spaces. We consider some classes of functions defined in the cube Ω = [-1, 1]^l, l = 1, 2,..., and having bounded partial derivatives up to the order r in Ω and the derivatives of jth order (r < j ≤ s) whose modulus tends to infinity as power functions of the form (d(x, Г))^-(j-r), where x ∈ Ω Г, x = (x₁,..., x_l), Г = ?Ω, and d(x, Г) is the distance from x to Г.     

Traces of Higher Negative Orders for a String with a Singular Weight

We study the linear operator pencil A(λ) = L?λV, λ ∈ ?, where L is the Sturm–Liouville operator with potential q(x) and V is the operator of multiplication by the weight ρ(x). The potential and the weight are assumed to belong to the space W ₂ ^?1 [0, π]. For the pencil A(λ), we seek formulas for the traces of higher negative orders, i.e., for the sums \(\sum\nolimits_{n = 1}^\infty {\lambda _n^{ - p}} \), p ≥ 2, where λ_n, n ∈ ?, is the sequence of eigenvalues of the pencil numbered in nondescending order of absolute values. Trace formulas in terms of the weight ρ(x) and the integral kernel of the operator L^?1 are obtained, and the relationship between these formulas and the classical results about traces of integral operators is described. The theoretical results are illustrated by examples.     

Heat Kernels for Isotropic-Like Markov Generators on Ultrametric Spaces: a Survey

Let (X, d) be a locally compact separable ultrametric space. Let D be the set of all locally constant functions having compact support. Given a measure m and a symmetric function J(x, y) we consider the linear operator L^Jf(x) = ∫(f(x) ? f(y)) J(x, y)dm(y) defined on the set D. When J(x, y) is isotropic and satisfies certain conditions, the operator (?L^J, D) acts in L²(X,m), is essentially self-adjoint and extends as a self-adjoint Markov generator, its Markov semigroup admits a continuous heat kernel p^J (t, x, y). When J(x, y) is not isotropic but uniformly in x, y is comparable to isotropic function J(x, y) as above the operator (?L^J, D) extends in L²(X,m) as a self-adjointMarkov generator, its Markov semigroup admits a continuous heat kernel p^J(t, x, y), and the function p^J(t, x, y) is uniformly comparable in t, x, y to the function p^J(t, x, y), the heat kernel related to the operator (?L^J,D).     

Asymptotic equalities for best approximations for classes of infinitely differentiable functions defined by the modulus of continuity

We obtain asymptotic estimates for best approximations by trigonometric polynomials in the metric of the space C(L_p) for classes of periodic functions expressible as convolutions of kernels Ψ_β with Fourier coefficients decreasing to zero faster than any power sequence, and with functions ? ∈ C (? ∈ L_p) whose moduli of continuity do not exceed the given majorant of ω(t). It is proved that, in the spaces C and L₁, for convex moduli of continuity ω(t), the obtained estimates are asymptotically sharp.     

On Functions with Zero Integral Moments over Balls of Fixed Radius

We consider precise conditions ensuring that a function having zero integrals over all balls of fixed radius is equal to zero. The case where, together with zero integrals for f over congruent balls, the functions x_jf for all j have zero integrals over these balls is completely investigated. An inversion formula recovering a function in the class C^∞ from indicated integral moments is derived.     

Bessel Property of the System of Root Functions of a Second-Order Singular Operator on an Interval

For the system of root functions of an operator defined by the differential operation ?u″ + p(x)u′ + q(x)u, x ∈ G = (0, 1), with complex-valued singular coefficients, sufficient conditions for the Bessel property in the space L₂(G) are obtained and a theorem on the unconditional basis property is proved. It is assumed that the functions p(x) and q(x) locally belong to the spaces L₂ and W₂^?1, respectively, and may have singularities at the endpoints of G such that q(x) = q_R(x) +q′S(x) and the functions q_S(x), p(x), q ₂ ^S (x)w(x), p²(x)w(x), and q_R(x)w(x) are integrable on the whole interval G, where w(x) = x(1 ? x).     

Modified boundary element method for problems on oscillations of flat membranes

In the space L ² of real-valued measurable 2π-periodic functions that are square summable on the period [0, 2π], the Jackson-Stechkin inequality

$$E_n (f) \leqslant \mathcal{K}_n (\delta ,\omega )\omega (\delta ,f), f \in L^2 $$

, is considered, where E _n (f) is the value of the best approximation of the function f by trigonometric polynomials of order at most n and ω(δ, f) is the modulus of continuity of the function f in L ² of order 1 or 2. The value

$$\mathcal{K}_n (\delta ,\omega ) = \sup \left\{ {\frac{{E_n (f)}}{{\omega (\delta ,f)}}:f \in L^2 } \right\}$$

is found at the points δ = 2π/m (where m ∈ ?) for m ≥ 3n ² + 2 and ω = ω ₁ as well as for m ≥ 11n ⁴/3 ? 1 and ω = ω ₂.

     

Global hypoellipticity for first-order operators on closed smooth manifolds

The main goal of this paper is to address global hypoellipticity issues for the class of first-order pseudo-differential operators L = D_t + C(t, x,D_x), where (t, x) ∈ T × M, T is the one-dimensional torus, M is a closed manifold, and C(t, x,D_x) is a first-order pseudo-differential operator on M, smoothly depending on the periodic variable t. In the case of separation of variables, when C(t, x,D_x) = a(t)p(x,D_x) + ib(t)q(x,D_x), we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the global hypoellipticity of L. In particular, we show that the famous (P) condition of Nirenberg-Treves is neither necessary nor sufficient to guarantee the global hypoellipticity of L.     

Nonsaturable quadrature formulas on an interval (on Babenko’s Problem)

An interpolation quadrature formula with a weight function from L_p[–1, 1] (1 < p < ∞) whose error is estimated in terms of Chebyshev smoothness characteristics is shown to be nonsaturable.     

Operator-based intensity functions for the nonhomogeneous Poisson process

A nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) plays an important role in a variety of applications as reliability of repairable systems, software reliability and actuarial studies. An NHPP is characterized by its intensity function m(t), which provides information on the time-dependent nature of the reliability of the system. Various intensity functions, which describe different behavior (from reliability decay to reliability growth along with monotonicity, convexity or concavity), have been suggested for NHPP’s for modeling repairable systems. Perhaps one of the most frequently utilized NHPP is the power lawprocess (PLP) in which m(t) is a power function of t. Inthis studywe present a general method for constructing new intensity functions for NHPP’s yielding new classes of NHPP’s. This method utilizes certain operators L _n , n ∈ N₀, acting on some suitable functions L ₀ = f (termed base functions). We call these classesOBIF’s (operator-based intensity functions). These classes are represented in terms of three parameters of which one is an indexing parameter n ∈ N₀ and two others are scale and shape parameters. The fact that n ∈ N₀ is also a parameter provides a flexibility in the choice of the appropriate statistical model for NHPP’s data. In particular, we consider the exponential operator acting on the PLP intensity function f and realize that L _n ’s, n ≥ 2, inherit properties similar to those of L ₁ (convexity and concavity) and thus are suitable for modelling bathtub data. We also consider a more comprehensive treatment of OBIF classes where both, the operator and base functions, are general. All of the introduced operators are demonstrated with illustrative examples.     

On the solvability of the first nonlocal boundary value problem for an elliptic equation

We consider problems of the existence, uniqueness, and sign-definiteness of the classical solutions of the problem

$(Lu)(x) = f(x)(x \in D),u(x) - \beta (x)u(\sigma x) = \psi (x)(x \in S),$

where L is a linear second-order operator elliptic in the closure of a domain D ? R ⁿ and σ is a single-valued continuous mapping of S ≡ ?D into \(\bar D\).

We show that, under natural assumptions on the smoothness of β, σ, and the coefficients of L, this problem is Fredholm provided that either σ has no attractors on S or σ generates an attractor Θ on S and the spectral radius of the operator A defined on η(x) ∈ C(Θ) by the formula (Aη)(x) = |β(x)|η(σx) is less than unity.We obtain semieffective (in terms of a test function) conditions for the unique solvability of the problem.     

On a class of partial planes related to biplanes

In this note we consider partial planes in which for each element x (point or line) there exists a unique opposite element or antipode x* which cannot be joined to x or has no intersection with x. We also require the existence of a triangle. Such partial planes will be called antipodal planes. We are mainly interested in the subclass of regular antipodal planes satisfying: p I L implies p* I L* for all points p and lines L. We shall provide a free construction of infinite regular antipodal planes. The objects thus constructed are not free objects in the usual sense since between antipodal planes there do not exist proper homomorphisms. On the other hand, regular antipodal planes do have a canonical homomorphic image which is a biplane (cf. Payne, J Comb Theory A 12:268–282, 1972). Regular antipodal planes can be coordinatized by certain algebraic systems in a similar way as projective planes are coordinatized by ternary rings. Again by a free construction, we shall provide examples satisfying a configuration theorem comparable to the Fano condition with fixed line at infinity.