Chirality organization of ferrocenes bearing dipeptide chains of heterochiral sequence

[structures: see text] The symmetrical introduction of two dipeptide chains of heterochiral sequence (-L-Ala-D-Pro-NHPy) into the ferrocene scaffold as a central reverse-turn unit was demonstrated to induce both antiparallel beta-sheet-like and type II beta-turn-like structures simultaneously, affording the chirality-organized structure. The ferrocene bearing only one dipeptide chain (-L-Ala-D-Pro-NHPy) exhibited a left-handed helically ordered molecular assembly through a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds instead of intramolecular hydrogen bonds.     

Chirality-organized ferrocene receptor bearing podand dipeptide chains (-L-Ala-L-Pro-NHPyMe) for the selective recognition of dicarboxylic acids

[structure: see text] The ferrocene receptor bearing the podand dipeptide chains (-l-Ala-l-Pro-NHPyMe) was found to provide a chirality-organized binding site through two intramolecular interchain hydrogen bonds between CO (Ala) and NH (another Ala) of each podand dipeptide chain. The size-selective and chiral recognition of dicarboxylic acids was achieved by multipoint hydrogen bonds of the binding site.     

Rare earth metal complexes bearing thiophene-amido ligand: synthesis and structural characterization

2,6-diisopropyl-N-(2-thienylmethyl)aniline (H2L) has been prepared, which reacted with equimolar rare earth metal tris(alkyl)s, Ln(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2, afforded rare earth metal mono(alkyl) complexes, LLn(CH2SiMe3)(THF)3 (:Ln=Lu; :Ln=Y). In this process, H2L was deprotonated by one metal alkyl species followed by intramolecular C-H activation of the thiophene ring to generate dianionic species L2- with the release of two tetramethylsilane. The resulting L2- combined with three THF molecules and an alkyl unit coordinates to Y3+ and Lu3+ ions, respectively, in a rare N,C-bidentate mode, to generate distorted octahedron geometry ligand core. Whereas, with treatment of H2L with equimolar Sc(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2, a heteroleptic complex (HL)(L)Sc(THF) () was isolated as the main product, where the dianionic L2- species bonds to Sc3+ via chelating N,C atoms whilst the monoanionic HL connects to Sc3+ in an S,N-bidentate mode. All complexes have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Bridged ferrocenes : VII. Synthesis of di- and tri-bridged ferrocenes with pentamethylne chains

Double or successive bridge-enlargement reactions were used on appropriate α-ketones followed by reduction to prepare 1,1′-pentamethyleneferrocene, VIII, 1,1′,3,3′-bis(pentamethylene)ferrocene, XX, and 1,1′,2,2t?,4,4′-tris(penta-methylene)ferrocane, XXX. The bridge-enlarging reactions are discussed, and the PMR spectral behavior of the polybridged ferrocenes is briefly discussed.     

Induction of gamma-turn-like structure in ferrocene bearing dipeptide chains via conformational control

[structure: see text] A combination of the ferrocene scaffold as a central reverse-turn unit with the dipeptide chains (-L-Pro-L-Ala-NHPy) was demonstrated to induce both inverse gamma-turn-like and antiparallel beta-sheet-like structures. Only the antiparallel beta-sheet-like structure was formed in the ferrocene bearing the heterochiral dipeptide chains (-L-Pro-D-Ala-NHPy), in which highly organized self-assembly was achieved through a network of intermolecular hydrogen bonds.     

Synthesis and characterization of aromatic polyazomethines bearing pendant pentadecyl chains

Aromatic diamine monomer viz., 4-(4′-aminophenoxy)-2-pentadecylbenzenamine containing pendant pentadecyl chain was synthesized starting from cashew nut shell liquid - a renewable resource material and was characterized by FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. A series of new (co) polyazomethines containing pendant pentadecyl chains and flexibilizing ether linkages was synthesized by polycondensation of 4-(4′-aminophenoxy)-2-pentadecyl benzenamine with commercially available aromatic dialdehydes viz., terephthaldehyde (TPA), isophthaldehyde (IPA) and varying mixture of TPA and IPA. Inherent viscosities and number average molecular weights of (co) polyazomethines were in the range 0.50-0.70 dL/g and 10,490-40-800 (GPC, polystyrene standard), respectively indicating formation of medium to reasonably high molecular weight polymers. (Co) polyazomethines containing pendant pentadecyl chains were found to be soluble in common organic solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, pyridine, m-cresol and could be cast into transparent and stretchable films from their solution in chloroform. (Co) polyazomethines were essentially amorphous in nature and the formation of loosely-developed layered structure was observed arising from the packing of pendant pentadecyl chains. Polyazomethines exhibited glass transition temperatures (T_g) in the range 21-48 °C. The observed depression of glass transition temperature could be ascribed to the “internal plasticization” effect of pentadecyl chains. The temperature at 10% wt loss (T₁₀), determined from TGA in nitrogen atmosphere of polyazomethines were in the range 434-441 °C indicating their good thermal stability.     

Soluble aromatic polyamide bearing ether linkages: synthesis and characterization

Soluble aromatic polyamide chains were prepared by reacting 4–4′-oxydianiline with isophthaloyl chloride in dimethylacetamide. To quench the HCl produced during the polymerization reaction, a stoichiometric amount of triethylamine was added. The precipitates formed were separated leaving behind clear polyamide resin. Thin and transparent film was obtained by evaporating the solvent and was subjected for Fourier transform infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, water absorption, and mechanical analyses. The transparent film was found to be soluble in dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethylformamide. IR and NMR spectroscopic analyses confirmed the structure of the polyamide while the gel permeation chromatography revealed the formation of a high-molecular-weight polymer. Thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, water absorption, and mechanical testing were also performed to further verify its physical properties. A soluble aromatic polyamide was successfully synthesized by solution polymerization and characterized. The polyamide has film-forming property, and the film is transparent, mechanically strong, and thermally stable.     

Sigma-borane complexes of iridium: synthesis and structural characterization

Reaction of NaBH4 with (tBuPOCOP)IrHCl affords the previously reported complex (tBuPOCOP)IrH2(BH3) (1) (tBuPOCOP = kappa(3)-C6H3-1,3-[OP(tBu)2]2). The structure of 1 determined from neutron diffraction data contains a B-H sigma-bond to iridium with an elongated B-H bond distance of 1.45(5) A. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group P1 (Z = 2) with a = 8.262 (5) A, b = 12.264 (5) A, c = 13.394 (4) A, and V = 1256.2 (1) A(3) (30 K). Complex 1 can also be prepared by reaction of BH3 x THF with (tBuPOCOP)IrH2. Reaction of (tBuPOCOP)IrH2 with pinacol borane gave initially complex 2, which is assigned a structure analogous to that of 1 based on spectroscopic measurements. Complex 2 evolves H2 at room temperature leading to the borane complex 3, which is formed cleanly when 2 is subjected to dynamic vacuum. The structure of 3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction and consists of the (tBuPOCOP)Ir core with a sigma-bound pinacol borane ligand in an approximately square planar complex. Compound 3 crystallizes in the space group C2/c (Z = 4) with a = 41.2238 (2) A, b = 11.1233 (2) A, c = 14.6122 (3) A, and V = 6700.21 (19) A(3) (130 K). Reaction of (tBuPOCOP)IrH2 with 9-borobicyclononane (9-BBN) affords complex 4. Complex 4 displays (1)H NMR resonances analogous to 1 and exists in equilibrium with (tBuPOCOP)IrH2 in THF solutions.     

57Fe NMR spectroscopy of ferrocenes bearing pi-acceptor substituents

Ferrocene derivatives bearing pi-acceptor substituents in 1- or 1,1'-positions such as carbonyl group(s) (1, 2), a sulfinyl group (4) or boryl group(s) (5, 6, 9) and related [3]ferrocenophanes (3, 7, 10, 12, 13) and a [4]ferrocenophane (8) were studied by 57Fe NMR spectroscopy. The deshielding effect of the respective pi-acceptor substituent can be partially or fully compensated by distortion of the ferrocene geometry. Both aspects become apparent by comparing delta57Fe data of the [n]ferrocenophanes with those of related non-cyclic derivatives.     

Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of ferrocenes and P-stereogenic bisphosphines

The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of planar chiral ferrocenes and P-stereogenic phosphines and bisphosphines (important classes of chiral ligands for metal-catalyzed asymmetric processes) is successfully demonstrated using n-BuLi or s-BuLi in combination with substoichiometric quantities (0.1-0.5 equiv) of (-)-sparteine or the (+)-sparteine surrogate.     

Solid-state tubular assemblies of thiolactones: synthesis and structural characterization

The synthesis of cyclic thiolactones, 2,5,8-trithiacyclododecane-1,9-dione (4), 2,5,8,14,17,20-hexathiacyclotetracosane-1,9,13,21-tetraone (5), 2,5,8-trithiacyclotetradecane-1,9-dione (6) and 2,5,8,16,19,22-hexathiacyclooctacosane-1,9,15,23-tetraone (7) was achieved by tin-template reaction of 2,2-dibutyl-2-stanna-1,3,6-trithiacyclooctane (1) with corresponding diacyl chlorides. The structures of 12-, 14-, 24- and 28-membered ring systems of 4, 6, 5, and 7, respectively, were investigated by X-ray structure analysis. These investigations revealed that, in the solid-state, thiolactones 4 and 7 form tubular assemblies. However, the crystal structure of 5 forms layered packing dominated by CH?O hydrogen bonds whereas 6 forms three-dimensional network via CH?O hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions.     

丙酰基二茂铁取代缩氨基脲的合成

丙酰基二茂铁和4-取代氨基脲反应制得8个相应的缩氨基脲1～8, 它们均属首次制得. 产物经用元素分析, IR, ^1H NMR确认其结构 .     

Pd-catalyzed synthesis of beta-biarylacryl ferrocenes via Suzuki cross-coupling

Some novel beta-biarylacryl ferrocene derivatives were synthesized via Pd-catalytic Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of beta-(2-bromophenyl)acrylferrocene and arylboronic acids. The structures were determined with elemental analyses, IR spectra, and (1)H-NMR spectra.     

Structural and spectroscopic characterization of Cu(salen) complexes bearing long alkoxy chains

Cu(II) salen (salen?=?N,N′-ethylene-bis(salicylideneimine)) complexes bearing alkoxy chains of C₁₂ (1) and C₁₀ (2) in the salicylidene moieties were synthesized and subsequently characterized by several independent methods: single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The solid state structures show that the spatial orientation and packing of the complexes are not affected by the alkyl chain length but by a coordinated solvent molecule, as demonstrated by the structure of 1 having methanol in an axial position.     

An isolable NHC-stabilized silylene radical cation: synthesis and structural characterization

The silyl-substituted silylene-NHC complex bis(tri-tert-butylsilyl)silylene-(1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene) [((t)Bu(3)Si)(2)Si:←NHC(Me), 2] was synthesized and isolated as air- and moisture-sensitive orange crystals by reductive debromination of the dibromosilane ((t)Bu(3)Si)(2)SiBr(2) (1) with 2.0 equiv of KC(8) in the presence of NHC(Me). In addition, the silylene-NHC complex 2 cleanly underwent one-electron oxidation with 1.0 equiv of Ph(3)C(+)·Ar(4)B(-) (Ar(4)B(-) = tetrakis[4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl]borate) in benzene to afford the NHC-stabilized silylene radical cation [((t)Bu(3)Si)(2)Si←NHC(Me)](?+)·Ar(4)B(-) (3). The radical cation 3 was isolated as air- and moisture-sensitive yellow crystals and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, which showed that 3 has a planar structure with a π-radical nature.     

Tris(allyl) indium compounds: synthesis and structural characterization

Allyl and 2-methylallyl indium compounds were prepared by salt metathesis starting from indium trichloride and a Grignard reagent. They are highly fluxional in solution and reveal coordination numbers of the indium atoms of four and five in the solid state.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and structural characterization of three reduced phosphomolybdates

Three reduced molybdenum(V) phosphates, Na₂[H₂DaHex]_4.5[H₃O]{Mn[Mo₆O₁₂(OH)₃(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₂]₂}·2H₂O (1), [H₂DaHex]₄[Zn(H₂O)]₂{Zn[Mo₆O₁₂(OH)₃(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₂]₂}·6H₂O (2), and [H₂DaHex]_3.5[Cd(H₂O)₂]_1.5[Cd(H₂O)]{Cd[Mo₆O₁₂(OH)₃(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₂]₂}·3.5H₂O (3) (DaHex?=?1,6-diaminylhexane), were hydrothermally synthesized by using the same organic template (DaHex) and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, TGA, powder XRD, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic analysis reveals that the compounds contain M[P₄Mo₆]₂ (M?=?Mn for 1, Zn for 2, Cd for 3) polyanions, which are further connected by various metal ions to form different topological structures. In 1, the cluster anion Mn[P₄Mo₆]₂ is discrete. For 2 and 3, M[P₄Mo₆]₂ (Zn for 2, Cd for 3) clusters are linked by transition metal ions to form different infinite chains. Then, all the 1-D chains are further packed into 3-D supramolecular structures via hydrogen-bonding interactions. The formations of 1, 2, and 3 demonstrate that not only organic templates, but transition metal ions also play very important roles in the M-P₄Mo₆ system.     

Colorimetric fluoride ion sensing by polyborylated ferrocenes: structural influences on thermodynamics and kinetics

The thermodynamic factors underlying the use of ferroceneboronic esters as electrochemical or colorimetric fluoride ion sensors have been investigated through the synthesis of a range of systematically related derivatives differing in the number/nature of the boronic ester substituents and in the nature of ancillary ligands. Thus, if the shift in electrochemical potential associated with the conversion of one (or more) boronic ester group(s) to anionic boronate(s) on fluoride binding is sufficient to allow oxidation of the resulting host/guest complex by dioxygen, colorimetric sensing is possible. In practice, while monofunctional systems of the type CpFe[eta(5)-C(5)H(4)B(OR)(2)] offer selectivity in fluoride binding, electrochemical shifts in chloroform solution are insufficient to allow for a colorimetric response. Two chemical modification strategies have been shown to be successful in realizing a colorimetric sensor: (i) the use of the more strongly electron-donating Cp(*) ancillary ligand (which shifts the oxidation potential of both the free receptor and the resulting fluoride adduct cathodically by ca. -400 mV) and (ii) receptors featuring two or more binding sites and consequently a larger fluoride-induced electrochemical shift. Thus, in the case of [eta(5)-C(5)H(4)B(OR)(2)](2)Fe [(OR)(2) = OC(H)PhC(H)PhO, 2(s)], the binding of 2 equiv of fluoride gives an electrochemical shift (in chloroform) of -960 mV (cf. -530 mV for the corresponding monofunctional analogue, 1(s)). Related tris- and tetrakis-functionalized systems are also shown to be oxidized as the bis(fluoride) adducts, presumably because of fast oxidation kinetics, relative to the rate of the (electrostatically unfavorable) binding of a third equivalent of fluoride. Furthermore, the rate of sensor response (as measured by UV/vis spectroscopy) is found to be strongly enhanced by the presence of pendant (uncomplexed) three-coordinate boronic ester functions (e.g., a rate enhancement of 1-2 orders of magnitude for 3(s)/4(s) with respect to 2(s)) and/or delocalized aromatic substituents.     

Conjugated ladder-type heteroacenes bearing pyrrole and thiophene ring units: facile synthesis and characterization

Ladder-type heteroacenes containing pyrrole and thiophene rings, dibenzo[b,b']thieno[2,3-f:5,4-f']-carbazoles (DBTCZ, 1), and diindolo[3,2-b:2',3'-h]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']bis[1]benzothiophene (DIBBBT, 2), were facilely synthesized through proper precursors (7, 11, and 18) respectively. The key step is a triflic acid induced intramolecular electrophilic coupling reaction of corresponding aromatic methyl sulfoxides with activated aromatic building blocks, which enables regioselective ring closure. Both precursors (7 and 11) toward DBTCZ gave the symmetrical product but with solubilizing alkyl chains in two different fashions. DIBBBT was also synthesized as the extended ladder-type heteroacene with defined structure. These obtained heteroacenes are fully characterized (mass spectrometry, NMR, elemental analysis), and their X-ray analysis and optical and electrochemical properties are reported.