树枝状多氨基环氧树脂固化剂的合成及其固化行为

树枝状多氨基环氧树脂固化剂的合成及其固化行为;树枝状大分子;丙烯酸酯双键;乙二胺(EDA)     

固化条件对环氧树脂/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混体系结构与性能的影响

利用丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)提高热固性环氧树脂(EP)的韧性,系统研究共混体系固化条件对材料结构和性能的影响.研究表明,固化前环氧树脂与丙烯酸酯橡胶在整个组成范围内为均相体系,固化过程中两组份分子量不断增大,部分组成环氧树脂/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混体系(80/20及50/50)发生反应诱导相分离现象(RIPS).在发生反应诱导相分离的体系中,分相后的环氧树脂和丙烯酸酯橡胶两相彼此包含对方的组分,是一种不彻底的相分离.同时,固化后材料的结构与性能强烈依赖于所用固化条件(包括固化时间、固化温度及固化剂含量等).因此,可以通过调节体系固化条件实现对环氧树脂/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混体系结构和性能的调控.     

非等温DSC法研究甲壳型液晶PBPCS改性环氧树脂的固化动力学

采用非等温DSC法对聚乙烯基对苯二甲酸二(对丁氧基苯酚)酯(PBPCS)/环氧树脂/甲基四氢苯酐固化体系的固化反应热行为以及固化动力学进行了研究,分别利用Kissinger和Ozawa动力学模型计算得到各体系固化反应的表观活化能,利用Crane模型计算出固化反应级数,得出了适于该树脂体系固化反应过程的动力学方程.结果表明该体系固化反应按照一级反应进行,PBPCS的加入不改变环氧树脂的固化机理,甲壳型液晶高分子PBPCS可以用于环氧树脂的改性研究.通过固化体系的DSC分析确定了体系固化工艺为90℃/2h→120℃/2h→140℃/1.5h,为聚乙烯基对苯二甲酸二(对丁氧基苯酚)酯/环氧树脂/甲基四氢苯酐体系的固化、性能测试和应用提供了理论依据,也为甲壳型液晶高分子改性环氧树脂的研究提供一定理论基础.     

不同环氧当量超支化环氧树脂/双酚A型环氧树脂固化体系的相结构

采用光学显微镜研究了不同环氧当量的端羟基超支化环氧树脂（EHBP-n, n=3, 6, 9, 12）/双酚A型环氧树脂（EHBP-n/DGEBA）固化体系的相结构,探讨了EHBP-n/DGEBA固化产物的微观形貌和力学性能的关系。结果表明：随着端羟基超支化环氧树脂质量分数的增加和环氧当量的减小,固化产物的相容性提高。固化微观结构中粒子的尺寸越大,力学性能越好。原位在线观察了9%EHBP-12/DGEBA(EHBP-12的质量分数：9%)的固化过程,提出了均相结构形成的机理。用差示扫描量热法研究了EHBP-12/DGEBA的固化动力学,用扫描电镜背散射电子成像对固化产物的元素分布进行分析,进一步说明EHBP-n与DGEBA具有良好的相容性。     

双酚S/双酚A环氧树脂固化物的相容性研究

采用高分子材料动态力学谱（TBA）和傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）两种方法研究了双酚S／双酚A环氧树脂／芳胺固化体系的固化过程。探讨了在双酚S环氧树脂（BPSER）和双酚A环氧树脂（BPAER）以不同质量比与固化剂4，4'- 二氨基二苯甲烷（DDM）组成固化体系中，所得固化产物的相容性。结果表明，在一个很宽的BPSER／BPAER比例范围，其固化产物具有良好的相容性。     

DSC分析及原位FT-IR法对聚合物接枝碳纳米管/环氧树脂固化体系的固化反应的研究

合成了一种扩链脲修饰的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT-PEG-TU),差示扫描量热分析(DSC)结果表明,MWCNT-PEG-TU可明显提高E-51环氧树脂/双氰双胺(DICY)固化体系的固化反应活性。利用原位傅里叶变换红外光谱(in situ FT-IR)法研究了MWCNT-PEG-TU/E-51环氧树脂/DICY固化体系的等温固化动力学,该固化体系在不同温度下的dα/dt与α的关系曲线较好地符合Kamal自催化反应模型。     

查尔酮环氧树脂的合成及其固化性能

以4,4′-二羟基查尔酮为原料,和环氧氯丙烷反应合成了主链含有双键结构的查尔酮环氧树脂（CER），其结构经¹H NMR和FT-IR确证。采用非等温DSC法研究了甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐和4,4′-二氨基二苯基砜两种固化剂对CER的固化反应热行为，通过动态热机械分析和热失重分析对CER的热性能进行了研究。结果表明：甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸酐体系固化的CER的T_g为152.73 ℃,初始热分解温度为350.6 ℃， 800 ℃时的残碳率为19.29%； 4,4′-二氨基二苯基砜体系固化的CER的T_g为251.94 ℃,初始分解温度为365.7 ℃， 800 ℃时的残碳率为46.44%。     

硫酸铵-碘化钾-罗丹明6G体系浮选分离镉(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了硫酸铵-KI-罗丹明6G体系浮选分离Cd2 的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件. 结果表明, 控制溶液pH 7.0, 当(NH4)2SO4用量为1.0 g, 0.1 mol/L KI溶液和0.001 mol/L 罗丹明6G溶液的用量均为1.0 mL时, Cd2 可被定量浮选, 而Zn2 、Mn2 、Co2 、Ni2 、Fe3 等金属离子在此条件下不被浮选, 实现了Cd2 与这些离子的定量分离. 方法用于合成水样中微量Cd2 的定量浮选分离测定.     

碳硼烷双酚二缩水甘油醚的合成与表征及耐高温性能研究

以o-(3)和m-碳硼烷双酚(4)为原料,经两步法合成了o-(1)和m-碳硼烷双酚二缩水甘油醚(2),FTIR、1H-NMR、GPC和环氧值测试都表明得到了预期结构的碳硼烷环氧树脂.固化反应动力学研究结果显示,1/DDS和2/DDS体系的反应活化能(Ea)分别为79.0和67.1 k J·mol-1,比E-51/DDS略高,说明碳硼烷结构的存在降低了环氧树脂的反应活性.以Ea结果为依据,确定了1(2)/DDS体系的固化工艺为180℃/2h+200℃/2h.热分析结果表明,以DDS为固化剂时,1和2的Tg分别为175.8和167.6℃,高于TDE-85的154.1℃.TGA结果表明,2/DDS固化物在空气气氛下700℃的残炭率高达78.7%,说明碳硼烷结构的存在极大提高了环氧树脂高温稳定性.碳硼烷环氧树脂空气气氛中的高温残炭率比氮气中高,原因是碳硼烷结构中的B-H键与空气中的氧气反应生成B—O—B结构,因而提高了残炭率,并在一定程度上延缓了体系的失重.     

氨酯键扩链改性的669稀释剂对环氧树脂力学性能影响研究

制备了氨酯键扩链改性的669稀释剂UE6M,考察了加入不同用量的UE6M对环氧树脂进行稀释后环氧树脂混合体系的粘度变化。使用氰乙基化三乙烯四胺作为固化剂对环氧树脂混合体系进行固化,研究了UE6M的用量对环氧树脂混合体系固化物性能的影响。研究结果表明,UE6M对E51环氧树脂具有较好的稀释效果,且混合体系固化产物的韧性较纯环氧树脂固化物明显增强:UE6M用量为30%和40%的混合体系粘度仅为纯E51环氧树脂粘度的6.35%和1.43%,但其固化物的拉伸强度均在60MPa以上,分别为纯E51环氧树脂固化物的87.9%和80.9%。断裂伸长率均为纯环氧树脂固化物的8倍以上,弯曲应变为纯环氧树脂固化物2倍以上,弯曲强度及弯曲模量等未出现大幅下降,UE6M稀释剂加入环氧树脂后固化产物的韧性得到明显增强。     

Gels from a semifluorinated n-alkane in fluorinated solvents as a probe for intermolecular interactions

Diblock semifluorinated n-alkanes can form aggregates and gels in fluorinated solvents. We have investigated the thermal behavior of binary mixtures comprising F(CF₂)₈(CH₂)₁₆H and fluorinated solvents. The solvents were perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, perfluorooctyl bromide, perfluorodecalin, and perfluorotributylamine. The phase diagrams were used to calculate the activity coefficients of the two components and the main excess thermodynamic functions. The solubility and self-assembly behavior of F₈H₁₆ in the fluorinated solvents are related to the different solute–solvent dispersion interactions that depend on the polarizabilities and ionization potentials of the interacting species, and on the structural properties of the solvent.     

HCOO在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)以及广义梯度近似方法(GGA)计算了甲酸根(HCOO)在Cu(110)、Ag(110)和Au(110)表面的吸附. 计算结果表明, 短桥位是最稳定的吸附位置, 计算的几何参数与以前的实验和计算结果吻合. 吸附热顺序为Cu(110)(-116 kJ·mol-1)>Ag(110)(-57 kJ·mol-1)>Au(110)(-27 kJ·mol-1), 与实验上甲酸根的分解温度相一致. 电子态密度分析表明, 吸附热顺序可以用吸附分子与金属d-带之间的Pauli 排斥来关联, 即排斥作用越大, 吸附越弱. 另外还从计算的吸附热数据以及实验上HCOO的分解温度估算了反应CO2+1/2H2→HCOO的活化能, 其大小顺序为Au(110)>Ag(110)>Cu(110).     

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性

PMDA-BPDA-HAB聚苯并噁唑的合成及耐热性;均苯四甲酸二酐;联苯四羧酸二酐;二羟基联苯胺;聚酰亚胺;聚苯并噁唑;耐热性     

Studies on the Formation of Catalytically Active PGM Nanoparticles from Model Solutions as a Basis for the Recycling of Spent Catalysts

The paper presents basic studies on the precipitation of platinum, palladium, rhodium, and ruthenium nanoparticles from model acidic solutions using sodium borohydride, ascorbic acid, and sodium formate as reducing agents and polyvinylpyrrolidone as a stabilizing agent. The size of the obtained PGM particles after precipitation with NaBH₄ solution does not exceed 55 nm. NaBH₄ is an efficient reducer; the precipitation yields for Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh are 75, 90, 65 and 85%, respectively. By precipitation with ascorbic acid, it is possible to efficiently separate Pt, Rh, and Ru from Pd from the two-component mixtures. The obtained Pt, Pd, and Rh precipitates have the catalytic ability of the catalytic reaction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol. The morphological characteristic of the PGM precipitates was analyzed by AFM, SEM-EDS, and TEM.     

Direct Quantitation of Phytocannabinoids by One-Dimensional 1H qNMR and Two-Dimensional 1H-1H COSY qNMR in Complex Natural Mixtures

The widespread use of phytocannabinoids or cannabis extracts as ingredients in numerous types of products, in combination with the legal restrictions on THC content, has created a need for the development of new, rapid, and universal analytical methods for their quantitation that ideally could be applied without separation and standards. Based on previously described qNMR studies, we developed an expanded ¹H qNMR method and a novel 2D-COSY qNMR method for the rapid quantitation of ten major phytocannabinoids in cannabis plant extracts and cannabis-based products. The ¹H qNMR method was successfully developed for the quantitation of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ9-THCA), Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), cannabielsoin (CBE), and cannabidivarin (CBDV). Moreover, cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (Δ9-THCVA) can be distinguished from CBDA and Δ9-THCA respectively, while cannabigerovarin (CBGV) and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ8-THCV) present the same ¹H-spectra as CBG and Δ8-THC, respectively. The COSY qNMR method was applied for the quantitation of CBD, CBDA, CBN, CBG/CBGA, and THC/THCA. The two methods were applied for the analysis of hemp plants; cannabis extracts; edible cannabis medium-chain triglycerides (MCT); and hemp seed oils and cosmetic products with cannabinoids. The ¹H-NMR method does not require the use of reference compounds, and it requires only a short time for analysis. However, complex extracts in ¹H-NMR may have a lot of signals, and quantitation with this method is often hampered by peak overlap, with 2D NMR providing a solution to this obstacle. The most important advantage of the COSY NMR quantitation method was the determination of the legality of cannabis plants, extracts, and edible oils based on their THC/THCA content, particularly in the cases of some samples for which the determination of THC/THCA content by ¹H qNMR was not feasible.     

Transition metal complexes of the tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmethyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine. Crystal structures of [CuLCl]ClO4 and [NiL(MeCN)2](ClO4)2

The tripodal ligand 4-(2′-pyridylmthyl)-4-azaheptane-1,7-diamine has been prepared by reaction of 2-aminemethyl pyridine with acrylonitrile, followed by the reduction of the nitrile groups. Copper(II), nickel(II), zinc(II), cobalt(III) and chromium(III) complexes of the ligand have been prepared and characterized and the crystal structures of the complexes [CuLCl]ClO₄ and [NiL(MeCN)₂](ClO₄)₂ determined. The copper complex is five coordinate with approximate square pyramidal stereochemistry with the apical position occupied by a primary amine donor. The nickel complex is octahedral with the pyridine nitrogen donor lying trans to an acetonitrile ligand.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAL COMPLEXES WITH AMPICILLIN

Abstract

The reaction, in water, of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions with sodium ampicillinate at room temperature has allowed isolation of dimers with the following general formula [M(amp)Cl]₂ × nH₂O (n = 1.5?3.2). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic methods (IR, Raman, EPR and UV-Visible). A dinuclear structure based on octahedrally coordinated metal ions is proposed.     

Magnetism of metal-nitroxide compounds involving bis-chelating imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide free radicals

Coordination compounds based on imidazole and benzimidazole substituted nitronyl nitroxide radicals with transition metal ions and trivalent lanthanide ions are described from the perspective of their magnetic properties.For the transition metal compounds the crystal structures show various metal-nitroxide dimensionalities including mononuclear (0D), one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) complexes. The mononuclear complexes were isolated with most metal ions of the first transition series. One copper(II) complex shows a copper(II)-radical ferromagnetic coupling (J = +75 cm⁻¹) while for the other mononuclear compounds, mainly with manganese(II), the metal-radical interactions are antiferromagnetic. The one-dimensional and two-dimensional complexes are manganese(II) compounds which show canting effects leading to weak ferromagnetism.For the trivalent lanthanide ions [La(III), Gd(III) and Eu(III)], three series of mononuclear complexes were obtained in which the metal center is bound to four, two or one nitroxide radicals depending on the counter ions and ancillary ligands. Unexpectedly, in most gadolinium(III) complexes, the Gd(III)-radical interactions were found to be antiferromagnetic in contradiction with other foundings and previous theoretical models. In support to the magnetic studies, the optical properties of the lantanide complexes have also been investigated and are briefly described.     

New Complexes of Ditopic Ligands with “d” and/or “s” Metal Ions

Abstract

The asymmetric compartmental macrocycles containing one N₂O₂ or N₃O₂ Schiff base and one O₂O₃ or O₂O₄ crown-ether like chamber, have been obtained by condensation reaction of the formyl precursors 3,3′-(3-oxapentane-1, 5-diyldioxy) bis (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) or 3,3′-(3,6-dioxaoctane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) with ethyl ethylenediamine (H₂L_A, H₂L_C), 1,5-diamino-3-azamethylpentane(H₂L_B, H₂L_D), also in the presence of metal ions as templating agents. These ditopic ligands, with dissimilar coordination sites, have been designed and used for the selective complexation of “d” and/or “s” metal ions, respectively into the Schiff base and the crown ether chamber. The selectivity of these processes strongly depends on the size and on the donor atom sets of the sites. The possibility to obtain mononuclear M(L)·nH₂O (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺), Mn(L)(CH₃COO)·nH₂O or Na(L) and hetero-dinuclear MNa(L)(CH₃COO) (M = Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co²⁺) and MnNa(L)(CH₃COO)₂·nH₂O complexes has been successfully tested. The ligands and complexes have been characterized by ir, nmr, mass spectrometry and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Two of the ligands used for the preparation of the solid samples, i.e., to H₂L_A and H₂L_B, have been employed to study complexation reactions of Co(II) and Na(I) in solution. In order to obtain information on the ligand preorganization effect toward the complex stabilities, a simpler open chain parent compound of H₂L_B (H₂L_E) has been also prepared and studied. FT-IR spectra show that H₂L_A is unable to complex Na⁺ in DMSO while the complexation reactions of Na⁺ by H₂L_B and of Co²⁺ by H₂L_A take place with slow kinetics. Therefore, thermodynamic data have been obtained only for the systems Co²⁺/H₂L_B and Co²⁺/H₂L_E. The thermodynamic parameters obtained for the complexation reactions show that the pre-organization of the donor atoms in H₂L_B does not add a significant contribution to the stabilities of the complexes. Both H₂L_B and H₂L_E form in DMSO 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 = M:L complexes with very similar stabilities and almost equal enthalpies of formation. Physico-chemical studies suggest besides that the slow reaction of Na⁺ with H₂L_B is probably due to the formation of a 1:1 complex where the metal cation, initially occupying the O₃ cage of the ligand, slowly binds also the oxygens of the phenolic moieties. Spectral and calorimetric data on solutions containing H₂L_B and different Co²⁺: Na⁺ ratios evidence that in DMSO no stable heterodinuclear complexes form when the neutral ligand is considered.     

Spectrophotometric study of Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) complexes with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin

The reaction of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) with Cd(II), Pb(II), Hg(II) and Zn(II) was studied spectrophotometrically and kinetics, equilibrium constants as well as photodecomposition of complexes were determined. It was verified that these metal ions with large radius accelerate the incorporation reaction of zinc into TCPP. On the basis of the mechanism and kinetics of this reaction, a sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of Zn(II) has been developed. The molar absorptivity of examined Zn-TCPP complex and Sandell's sensitivity at 423 nm were 3.5×10⁵ M⁻¹ cm⁻¹ and 18.3 ng cm⁻². The detection limit for the recommended procedure was 1.4×10⁻⁹ M (0.9 ng ml⁻¹) and precision in range 20-100 ng ml⁻¹ not exceeds 2.7% RSD. The proposed method applied for zinc determination in natural waters and nutritional supplement was compared with AAS results and declared value.