受端部冲击的悬臂曲梁小变形塑性分析的一种方法

1.引言对悬臂梁的塑性动力响应问题为许多学者研究过,近年来Y_u(余同希)、Symonds及Johnson对圆弧悬臂梁受端部冲击的刚塑性动力响应作了较完整的小变形分析,zhang(张铁光)及Yu(余同希)对同一问题作了刚塑性大变形分析。文献[1]、[4]、[5-7]的共同特点是把运动分为二个阶段,第一阶段移行塑性铰由端部移行到固定端,第二阶段运动为绕根部固定塑性铰的转动。     

均布荷载作用下一次超静定梁的弹塑性过程改进分析

对均布荷载作用下一次超静定梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程进行了改进分析.根据受力变形特点,均布荷载作用下一次超静定梁的加载过程可分为4个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、固支端附近塑性变形区扩展阶段、固支端保持为塑性铰而固支端附近塑性变形区卸载阶段、固支端保持为塑性铰而梁中部塑性变形区产生并扩展直至中部某点形成塑性铰阶段.在弹性阶段,位移与外荷载是线性比例关系,在第2、第4两个阶段,位移与外荷载是复杂的非线性关系,而在第3阶段,位移与外荷载是线性关系但不是比例关系.针对现有研究中位移计算存在的错误,给出了产生塑性铰后的第3、4两个阶段全过程任意点的位移计算公式,给出了跨中位置点各阶段荷载终值对应的位移.给出的位移公式具有一定的结构设计应用价值.     

刚体碰撞下直杆的塑性屈曲和后屈曲

研究了受刚体轴向碰撞直杆中塑性屈曲变形发展的机理.推导了增量形式的非线性动力方程,并用差分法求解,将特征值分析给出的初始局部屈曲位移作为方程解的初始条件.数值结果说明:随着轴向压缩波的传播,碰撞端附近发生的局部屈曲变形增长和向前传播,由半波形的初始模态发展成后屈曲高阶模态;在后屈曲变形的早期阶段无应变率逆转发生,切线模量理论适用于该阶段弯曲变形的计算.     

基于对数应力率大应变本构关系的参数标定研究

在所有率型弹塑性本构模型中,只有对数应力率对应的本构模型能够满足自适应准则.基于对数应力率,采用实心圆轴扭转实验,对大应变弹塑性本构模型中的参数标定问题进行了讨论.推导出了考虑Swift效应时端部自由实心圆轴扭转变形的变形率、对数旋率、Kirchhoff应力及Kirchhoff应力的对数应力率.对于等向强化大应变弹塑性本构关系,给出了由实心圆轴扭转实验标定的、基于Kirchhhoff应力对数应力率的本构关系中塑性刚度函数的表达式.分析了扭转圆轴的Swift效应对塑性刚度函数的影响.结果表明,实心圆轴扭转的轴向伸长变形和径向变形对基于对数应力率大应变本构关系中的塑性刚度函数都有影响.当不考虑Swift效应时,所得塑性刚度函数表达式与不考虑Swift效应时基于Jaumann应力率的塑性刚度函数表达式相同.     

集中载荷作用下一次超静定梁的弹塑性全过程分析

对跨中集中载荷作用下一次超静定梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程进行了分析.根据受力变形特点,集中载荷作用下一次超静定梁的加载过程可分为4个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、固支端附近塑性变形区扩展阶段、固支端和集中载荷作用点附近塑性变形区双扩展阶段、固支端保持为塑性铰同时附近卸载而集中载荷作用点附近塑性变形区继续扩展直至形成第2个塑性铰阶段.在弹性阶段,弯矩内力和挠度与外载荷是线性比例关系,在第2,3两个阶段,弯矩和挠度与外载荷是复杂的非线性关系,在第4阶段,弯矩与外载荷是线性关系但不是比例关系而挠度与外载荷是更为复杂的非线性关系.给出了全过程任意点的弯矩和挠度计算公式,可供结构设计参考应用.     

梁中复合应力波的传播

采用有限差分法讨论了梁中复合应力波的传播．给出了粘塑性悬臂梁当自由端受突加弯矩载荷作用时梁内复合应力波传播的基本图象。指出，在冲击早期响应阶段．截面横向转动惯性效应起着重要作用，是不可忽视的。标志弹塑性边界的塑性效，一开始由自由端向固定端运动，但在反射卸载波的迎面作用下，会出现回退现象。在波动早期阶段，固定端主要处于弹性变形状态。此外，还对弹塑性梁中复合应力波的控制方程进行了必要的讨论。     

粘性介质上的悬臂梁在冲击载荷作用下的刚塑性动力响应

本文考虑了一个放置在粘性介质上的刚-理想塑性悬臂梁在自由端受冲击载荷时的小变形动力响应。具体讨论了线性粘性介质时矩形脉冲,线性衰减脉冲及瞬时冲击等加载情况,并与无介质解进行了比较,讨论了介质对梁的运动变形模式、最终挠度、能量吸性的影响。     

刚粘塑性强化球形薄壳在撞击体作用下的大变形动力分析

本文研究了在平头圆柱体的冲击下，薄球形壳的动力大变形。通过等度量变换，给出了球壳的变形模态。在Ｐｅｒｚｙｎａ和Ｓｙｍｏｎｄｓ的粘塑性本构模型基础上，设材料从Ｍｉｓｅｓ屈服条件，并假定弯矩的膜力不耦合。根据刚粘塑性强化材料的变分原理。给出球壳的运动方程结果与实验进行了比较，二者吻合较好。     

缺口根部塑性区和拉应力场对循环压缩疲劳裂纹止裂长度的影响

本文采用激光显微像面全息和散斑照像分离技术检测了双缺口试件在不同压缩应力条件下缺口根部塑性区的形状及大小,并采用有限元分析法计算了相同应力下的塑性区和裂端应力场.结果表明:用显微像面全息法测量塑性区的大小及形状简单易行,且有比较满意的工程精度. 对在不同压缩循环加载条件下测得的瘦劳裂纹止裂长度与所测压缩塑性区相比较表明:疲劳裂纹止裂长度和塑性区大小之间不存在简单的对应关系.止裂长度主要由缺口根部在循环压缩卸载过程中所产生的拉伸应力区控制.     

冲击作用下刚塑性拱的大变形响应分析

本文对受集中冲击作用的深圆拱的刚塑性动力响应进行了理论分析和数值计算，用瞬时构形法得到了问题的全程解，提出发生反向弯曲的必要条件和反向弯曲变形的近似分析方法，确定了反向弯曲出现的临界冲击速度范围，并讨论质量比，能量比和支承条件对结构的响应时间，塑性形区域和最变形的影响。本文理论分析结果与实验数据吻合。     

Experimental investigation of circular cantilever beams subjected to impulsive loading

This paper reports the experimental results of quadrantal circular cantilever beam carrying a mass at its tip which is subjected to radial impact. It was observed that after impact a travelling plastic segment moved from the tip towards the root in a very short time, and when specimen reached the largest deformation, the beam whipped out evidently in the reverse direction. The curvature change of the curved beam reaches a peak value near the middle region of the beam and the maximum is at the root. The experimental results are compared with the solutions for the rigid-perfectly plastic model given in [12–13].The authors would like to thank Professor Yang Gui-tong for guidance and help.     

Vibration of a tapered cantilever of constant thickness and linearly tapered width

The vibration of a cantilever beam with constant thickness and linearly tapered sides is solved using a novel accurate, efficient initial value numerical method. The effects of tip mass, base fixity, and taper on the natural frequencies are determined. This geometrically anisotropic beam vibrates in a mixture of modes in two perpendicular directions.     

不同倾角预制裂纹缺陷与运动裂纹的相互作用

为了研究运动裂纹与不同倾角预制裂纹缺陷之间的作用机制,采用数字激光动态焦散线方法对含不同倾角预制裂纹缺陷的三点弯曲梁进行冲击实验。研究结果表明,在冲击载荷作用下,预制裂纹缺陷尖端均产生了次生裂纹;当运动主裂纹与预制裂纹缺陷贯通时,次生裂纹不会立即起裂,而是经过0~10 μs的能量积蓄后,次生裂纹才起裂;运动主裂纹应力强度因子峰值与次裂纹起裂时的应力强度因子值均随预制裂纹倾角的增大而增大。     

Soft-impact dynamics of deformable bodies

Systems constituted by impacting beams and rods of non-negligible mass are often encountered in many applications of engineering practice. The impact between two rigid bodies is an intrinsically indeterminate problem due to the arbitrariness of the velocities after the instantaneous impact and implicates an infinite value of the contact force. The arbitrariness of after-impact velocities is solved by releasing the impenetrability condition as an internal constraint of the bodies and by allowing for elastic deformations at contact during an impact of finite duration. In this paper, the latter goal is achieved by interposing a concentrate spring between a beam and a rod at their contact point, simulating the deformability of impacting bodies at the interaction zones. A reliable and convenient method for determining impact forces is also presented. An example of engineering interest is carried out: a flexible beam that impacts on an axially deformable strut. The solution of motion under a harmonic excitation of the beam built-in base is found in terms of transverse and axial displacements of the beam and rod, respectively, by superimposition of a finite number of modal contributions. Numerical investigations are performed in order to examine the influence of the rigidity of the contact spring and of the ratio between the first natural frequencies of the beam and the rod, respectively, on the system response, namely impact velocity, maximum displacement, spring stretching and contact force. Impact velocity diagrams, nonlinear resonance curves and phase portraits are presented to determine regions of periodic motion with impacts and the appearance of chaotic solutions, and parameter ranges where the functionality of the non-structural element is at risk.     

带裂纹旋转柔性梁系统的刚柔耦合动力学研究

对具有刚柔耦合效应的带裂纹旋转柔性梁进行建模和动力学特性分析研究。采用晶格弹簧离散模型,利用无质量弹簧模拟梁上裂纹,通过考虑梁变形的二阶耦合项建立了带裂纹旋转柔性梁系统的一次近似耦合动力学控制方程。数值计算结果表明,裂纹的存在会使旋转柔性梁的固有频率降低,并且随着梁转速的增大,这种降低效应呈减弱趋势;值得注意的是,裂纹梁的固有频率与裂纹处的弯矩具有正相关关系。此外,裂纹的存在不仅会使转速变化阶段梁的末端位移响应增大,还会对转速稳定后梁的末端振荡产生显著的影响。     

Investigations on the presence of electrical frequency on the characteristics of energy harvesters under base and galloping excitations

The characteristics and performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters concurrently subjected to galloping and base excitations when using a complex electrical circuit are studied. The considered energy harvester is composed of a bilayered cantilever beam with a square cylindrical structure at its tip. Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, nonlinear quasi-steady hypothesis, and Galerkin method are used to develop a reduced order model of this system. The electrical circuitry of the harvester consists of a load resistance, a capacitance, and an inductance. The impacts of the electrical components of the harvester’s circuitry, the wind speed, and the base excitation frequency and acceleration on the broadband characteristics of the harvester, quenching phenomenon, and appearance of new nonlinear behaviors are deeply investigated and discussed. Different methods were used to characterize the new nonlinear phenomena that took place due to mechanical electrical interaction like the power spectrum and time history. When both coupled frequencies of electrical and mechanical types exist and are far from each other, it is shown that the quenching phenomenon is only related to the coupled frequency of mechanical type. It was also proven that this configuration results on high harvested power with low displacement near the electrical frequency. On the other hand, for a well-defined choice of the electrical components, the results show that a broadband configuration of the harvester can be designed. It is also indicated that the quenching phenomenon interacts with the appearance of hysteresis regions that depends on the value of the base acceleration and initial conditions. Moreover, it was shown that the presence of this inductance may result in broadband system harvesting more power from both galloping and base excitation.     

Chaotic vibrations of a beam with non-linear boundary conditions

Forced vibrations of an elastic beam with non-linear boundary conditions are shown to exhibit chaotic behavior of the strange attractor type for a sinusoidal input force. The beam is clamped at one end, and the other end is pinned for the tip displacement less than some fixed value and is free for displacements greater than this value. The stiffness of the beam has the properties of a bi-linear spring. The results may be typical of a class of mechanical oscillators with play or amplitude constraining stops. Subharmonic oscillations are found to be characteristic of these types of motions. For certain values of forcing frequency and amplitude the periodic motion becomes unstable and nonperiodic bounded vibrations result. These chaotic motions have a narrow band spectrum of frequency components near the subharmonic frequencies. Digital simulation of a single mode mathematical model of the beam using a Runge-Kutta algorithm is shown to give results qualitatively similar to experimental observations.     

考虑端部质点的中心刚体-楔形梁系统动力特性研究

对带有端部质点的中心刚体-楔形梁系统的动力学特性进行了研究．楔形梁为Euler Bernoulli 梁,其宽度与高度随着长度方向改变．采用假设模态法对楔形梁的变形场进行离散,在考虑梁的横向和纵向变形以及由于横向弯曲而引起的纵向缩短量的条件下,运用第二类拉格朗日方程推导出系统的动力学方程,并编制动力学仿真软件．通过仿真算例对系统的动力学特性进行研究,结果表明：同等条件下梁的形状与有无端部质点对系统的刚柔耦合动力学响应以及系统频率的影响十分明显．因此采用楔形梁结构进行仿真更具实际意义且仿真结果更加精确．     

电学开路挠曲电悬臂梁自振频率分析

挠曲电效应是一种新兴的机电耦合效应,在微纳米尺度的传感器、致动器和俘能器方面有广阔的应用前景．本文基于挠曲电材料的变分原理和电吉布斯自由能,推导了表面覆盖电极的挠曲电悬臂梁在电学开路条件下的机电耦合动力学控制方程和相应的力电边界条件．进一步获得了求解电学开路条件下挠曲电悬臂梁自振频率的超越方程．以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)材料为算例,讨论了挠曲电系数、末端质量块和梁尺寸对结构自振频率和电学开路/短路条件下结构自振频率有效频移的影响．计算结果表明,挠曲电系数的增大会提高梁的自振频率;末端质量的增大可以降低梁的自振频率,并且末端质量块的转动效应对悬臂梁自振频率的影响很小;悬臂梁结构的有效频移随着结构尺寸减小而增加,并在某一厚度尺寸趋于饱和值．