若干多氮硒杂环化合物在金表面的自组装及其电化学性质

研究了1,2,5-硒二唑并[3,4-b]吡啶（SPb）,1,2,5-硒二唑并[3,4-d]嘧啶-7-（5H,6H）酮（SPO）,1,2,5．硒二唑并[3,4．d]嘧啶-5,7-（4H,6H）二酮（SPDO）等多氮硒杂环化合物在溶液中及其在金表面的自组装单分子膜的电化学性质。以Fe（CN）6^3-/4-为离子探针,利用CV法观察了Fe（CN）6^3-/4-氧化还原峰的变化。结果表明,在溶液中,电极过程主受吸附控制;自组装膜的电化学信号与其溶液相似,在-600mV左右都有一还原峰,表明该类化合物有相似的组装模式,其中SPO和SPDO在金表面形成了致密的单分子膜,有效地封闭了表面与溶液之间的电子交换和传递。     

电化学DNA生物传感器定量检测根癌农杆菌终止子基因片段

通过自组装法及共价法固定单链脱氧核糖核酸(ssDNA),制备了电化学DNA生物传感器。将巯基丙酸(MPA)自组装于金电极表面形成单分子膜,再利用1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)的活化作用将ssDNA探针序列固定于金电极表面。将ssDNA修饰的电极与待测溶液中人工合成的转基因食品中常有的根癌农杆菌终止子(NOS)基因片段进行杂交,在[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-溶液中进行循环伏安和电化学阻抗谱扫描,表征ssDNA固定及杂交过程。优化了ssDNA固定条件。待测溶液中DNA浓度在1.0×10-7～1.0×10-10mol/L范围时,其浓度的对数值和ssDNA/Au电极与dsDNA/Au电极峰电流差值的变化值呈线性相关关系,相关系数为0.9822,检出限为8.1×10-11mol/L。     

硒杂环化合物(4,5-苯并苤硒脑)在金表面上的自组装

为了寻求新的自组装单分子膜体系,构建新的功能膜,研究了具备平面型的大环共轭硒杂环化合物-- 4,5-苯并苤硒脑(苯并[c]硒二唑,简称苤硒脑)在金表面的自组装单分子膜.通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学手段对其进行表征.XPS研究结果表明,自组装形成单分子膜后,苤硒脑分子中Se3d结合能从57.4 eV下降到57.1 eV;表明硒杂环化合物是通过金硒键固定在金表面上的;电化学循环伏安法实验表明,金电极表面上自组装该有机硒后, Fe(CN)63-/4-的氧化还原峰几乎完全消失;以四硼酸钠为底液,测得该化合物自组装在金表面上时,其还原电位在-0.66 V,与在溶液中用裸金电极测得的还原峰电位基本一致.     

二乙腈基二硫纶在金电极上的自组装及其对抗坏血酸的电化学行为研究

将Na2[Ni(mnt)2](mnt=丁二腈烯二硫醇阴离子)自组装到裸金电极表面,制成mnt-SAM/Au修饰电极,并用电化学方法研究了该修饰电极的电化学性质。实验结果表明,mnt-SAM膜对[Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4-有一定的排斥作用,而对[Co(phen)3]2+/[Co(phen)3]3+有一定吸引作用。研究了抗坏血酸(AA)在自组装膜修饰金电极上的电化学氧化行为,考察了溶液pH、扫描速率的影响,结果表明该膜对AA的氧化具有催化作用。在最佳条件下,峰电流与AA的浓度在5.0×10-6~1.3×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为-0.9987,检测限为1.0×10-6 mol·L-1。     

膜电阻对自组装膜修饰电极电化学行为的影响

应用循环伏安和交流阻抗技术研究了 16烷基硫醇自组装膜修饰的金电极在Fe(CN) 63 - /Fe(CN) 64 - 溶液中的电化学行为 .无“针孔”缺陷的自组装膜对溶液与基底间的界面电子转移具有强烈的阻碍作用 ,当过电位较大时 ,In(I/ η)对 η1/2 之间具有良好的线性关系 .通过对Au/SAM /Hg模拟体系的电流———电压曲线进行测定 ,得到了自组装膜膜电阻的特征 .指出由于膜电阻的存在 ,自组装膜修饰电极在Fe(CN) 63 - /Fe(CN) 64 - 溶液中的行为实质上反映了膜自身的电阻特征     

含硼酸基的自组装膜对糖的电化学识别

利用巯基乙酸(TGA)和3-氨基-苯硼酸硫酸盐(PBA)反应,设计合成含有苯硼酸基的硫醇化合物TGA-PBA。组装TCA-PBA于金表面,形成自组装膜。TGA-PBA／Au,并用光电子能谱和循环伏安法实验佐证自组装膜的形成。基于自组装膜与单糖强的结合作用(TGA-PBA／Au与D-半乳糖结合常数为1．9x10^8L／mol),有效阻碍电活性标记离子[Fe(CN)6]^3/4-在电极表面的电子转移,建立单糖的高灵敏度的电化学识别方法。     

槲皮素在聚离子液体膜修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

合成了1-[3'-(N-吡咯)丙基]-3-己基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体,以其为单体,采用循环伏安法(CV)制备出聚离子液体膜修饰玻碳电极,经十二烷基硫酸钠溶液处理实现阴离子交换,获得聚离子液体疏水膜界面(PIL/GCE),利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和K_3Fe(CN)_6/K_4Fe(CN)_6探针表征了该修饰电极的表面形貌和电化学性能,通过伏安法研究了槲皮素在PIL/GCE电极界面上的电化学行为。结果发现:槲皮素在该修饰电极上只有一个不可逆的氧化峰,与裸玻碳电极相比,氧化峰电流显著增强。优化了实验条件如:聚合膜的厚度,pH,富集电位和富集时间等。在优化条件下,槲皮素的氧化峰电流与浓度在0.5~3.0μmol/L和3.0~20μmol/L范围类有良好的线性关系,检测限为0.2μmol/L。方法已用于中药中槲皮素的测定。     

聚氨基苯酚分子印迹电化学传感器测定双酚A

该工作通过电化学方法在多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极表面得到聚邻氨基苯酚分子印迹聚合物膜,制备了可以选择性识别双酚A的分子印迹电化学传感器。通过扫描电镜、循环伏安法以及差分脉冲法对传感器的表面形貌和电化学性能进行了表征,并对传感器的检测条件进行了优化。采用K_3[Fe(CN)_6]作为电化学探针,在选定的实验条件下,K_3[Fe(CN)_6]在印迹电极上的峰电流变化值与双酚A的浓度在1×10~(-10)-4×10~(-8) mol·L~(-1)呈良好线性,本方法测定双酚A的检测限为4×1 0 ~(-11) mol·L~(-1),将该传感器用于实际水样中双酚A的测定,结果令人满意。     

基于抗原决定基的胰岛素分子印迹电化学传感器

采用抗原决定基法制备了胰岛素电化学分子印迹传感器.以胰岛素C端多肽作为模板分子,定向自组装在Au电极上,以邻苯二胺为功能单体,电化学聚合制备分子印迹聚合膜.以NaOH为洗脱液,洗脱模板分子,形成的与胰岛素C端多肽三维结构相匹配的分子印迹孔穴能特异性识别胰岛素.重吸附胰岛素分子后,以K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6]为探针,通过测量探针在电极表面产生的电流大小实现胰岛素的间接测定.在1.0 × 10-14~5.0 × 10-13 mol/L浓度范围内,传感器的电流响应值与胰岛素浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为7.24 × 10-15 mol/L(3σ).此传感器具有较好的选择性和稳定性,并成功用于血清样品中胰岛素的测定.     

荧光性自组装双层膜的制备及其性能研究

借助Au-S化学键的作用,在金基底上组装DL-半胱氨酸,利用DL-半胱氨酸与1-萘胺乙酸(NAA)的静电吸引作用在金表面间接组装荧光试剂NAA,从而构建了双层自组装膜NAA/Cys/Au.该自组装膜有较强的荧光信号,能被Cu²⁺猝灭,并具有较好的可逆再生性能,可用于超痕量铜离子的界面荧光测定,对Cu²⁺的检出下限为7.87×10^-11mol/L.同时采用电化学、荧光光谱及电子能谱等方法表征自组装膜的结构,并采用电化学阻抗谱技术和循环伏安法研究自组装膜在K₃[Fe(CN)₆]/K₄[Fe(CN)₆]溶液中的电化学行为研究.结果表明,金表面组装的单层膜具有良好的“针孔”效应,组装上荧光试剂之后形成的无“针孔”缺陷的自组装双层膜对溶液与基底间的界面电子转移有强烈的阻碍作用.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。