Effect of Anneal on the Release Behaviour of LY12-Al Alloy

The sound velocities along the release path of annealed LY12-Al are measured by using a velocity interferometer system for any reflector （VISAR） technique. The shear modulus and yield strength are then obtained. Comparison of the experimental results with those of unannealed LY12-Al shows that anneal has little influence on sound velocities and shear modulus though it weakens the yield strength considerably, and changes the dependence of yield strength upon shock stress. The ratio of shear modulus to yield strength of unannealed LY12-Al increases with shock stress monotonically while that of annealed LY12-Al exhibits much more complicated behaviour.     

利用VISAR测量LY12铝在冲击压缩下的声速

 介绍了利用VISAR技术测量受冲击压缩LY12铝的高压声速的方法。平板对称碰撞实验在冲击波物理与爆轰物理实验室的二级轻气炮上进行,峰值应力约为20、32、55和71 GPa。每发实验中,VISAR同时使用三种条纹常数测量LY12铝和单晶LiF窗口的界面粒子速度剖面。从三种条纹常数计算的界面粒子速度剖面相互符合,完全一致。实验信号具有很高的信噪比,表明样品与窗口之间的界面连结和处理技术非常成功。这种测量技术不仅能够得到初始加载应力下的纵波声速,而且能够得到声速沿着卸载路径的变化。将声速的塑性段外推到初始冲击加载压力即得到该压力下的体积声速。LY12铝的声速测量结果与假定ργ为常数条件下用Mie-Grüneisen状态方程计算的结果符合得很好。     

激光辐照超音速气流下TA15钛合金和LY12铝合金的热响应

利用超音速气流环境模拟装置,开展了自然对流和马赫数为3切向气流下,1064nm连续激光辐照TA15钛合金和LY12铝合金热响应实验研究,得到了材料在两种条件下的温升曲线及熔穿时间。结果表明:在激光辐照材料未使得其表面发生熔化前,气流对材料激光辐照过程中的冷却效应较为明显,在表面发生熔化时,熔化的液态物质在气流切向力剥蚀作用下被吹离材料表面,使得激光继续作用在材料上,熔化→剥离→熔化→剥离如此反复,可加速熔穿过程;此外,切向气流将影响钛合金这类热扩散系数较低材料的温度场分布,使得气流下游处的温度高于上游,而对铝合金这类热扩散系数较高的材料而言,影响不明显。     

激光辐照超音速气流下TA15钛合金和LY12铝合金的热响应

利用超音速气流环境模拟装置,开展了自然对流和马赫数为3切向气流下, 1064 nm连续激光辐照TA15钛合金和LY12铝合金热响应实验研究,得到了材料在两种条件下的温升曲线及熔穿时间。结果表明：在激光辐照材料未使得其表面发生熔化前,气流对材料激光辐照过程中的冷却效应较为明显,在表面发生熔化时,熔化的液态物质在气流切向力剥蚀作用下被吹离材料表面,使得激光继续作用在材料上,熔化剥离熔化剥离如此反复,可加速熔穿过程;此外,切向气流将影响钛合金这类热扩散系数较低材料的温度场分布,使得气流下游处的温度高于上游,而对铝合金这类热扩散系数较高的材料而言,影响不明显。     

铝阳极化冲击波探针的工艺探索

 为了在定形纯铝棒材（35 mm×Φ1.0 mm）上制取既薄、完整,又均匀、致密且电绝缘强度较高的绝缘膜,首先根据阳极化电解原理,测定了铝棒半球形端的极化曲线,获得了在50~60 ℃温度环境下铝绝缘膜稳定生长的区域在3~13 V之间这一重要的工艺条件;然后给出了铝电探针阳极化的步骤和相应的工艺参数。从而摸索出可批量生产适于液体冲击压缩实验的、性能一致性好、可靠性高的冲击波速度探测器的实验方法。同时,分析了电解系统温度条件以及沸水封孔工艺对强化铝绝缘膜的物理性质和电绝缘强度的影响。由此工艺可均匀地制得厚度在4~15 μm之间的Al₂O₃薄膜,在给定温度下制得平均厚度为6 μm的电探针耐直流电压为250 V、1 min,在液氮温度（77 K）下静置4 h后绝缘膜的物理外观和电绝缘强度都未发生变化。借助300 N·m冲击力发生器,测得该类探针的开关一致性不大于±20 ns。在较高冲击压力下,该特性有望得到进一步改善。     

铝粉点火微观机理的光谱研究

 铝粉是一种含能高的材料,它被广泛地添加到含能材料中。利用3台单色谱仪和OMA谱仪等多种谱仪技术,研究了铝粉在几种不同环境下的快速反应微观特性。研究表明：铝粉冲击波点火的临界条件和铝粉的物理状态相关。微米铝粉点火的临界温度为2 100 K,它接近Al₂O₃的熔化温度。它表明,在空气中容易氧化的微米铝粉点火,必须使铝粉表面的氧化层熔化。在气相反应中,微米铝粉和氧的反应是主要的;和水的反应是次要的。减小微米铝粉的颗粒尺寸,可以明显提高快速反应温度。 含铝复合燃料中的液体燃料反应后的铝粉才能参与反应;铝粉添加至气相反应介质后将明显提高反应温度。     

Agglomeration Evolution of Nano-Particles Aluminium in Normal Incident Shock Wave

Agglomeration behaviour of nano-particle aluminium （nano-Al） in normal incident shock waves is investigated by our devised shock tube technology. The morphology, particle size, agglomeration process of nano-Al studied in normal incident shock waves are comprehensible evaluated by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The above-mentioned techniques show that the high strength and temperature of incident shock wave give a chance for activity of nano-Al in the reactions and decrease the agglomeration, and the morphology of agglomeration is affected by the temperature of nano-Al reaction region. The dynamic temperature of reaction region determined by the intensity ratio of two A10 bands is 2602K, which is closer to nano-Al actual reacted temperature than the determined temperature of ordinary methods （i.e. six channel instantaneous optical pyrometer; plank black body radiation law, etc.）     

ICP-AES测定铝合金中硼

电感耦合等离子光谱测定铝合金中硼，相对标准偏差小于2．3％，标准加入回收率在93％-102％之间。该方法具有选择性好，操作简便等优点，适用于铝合金中硼的测定。     

光电直读光谱法测定铝合金

介绍了用光电直读光谱仪测定铝合金的方法。该方法简便、快速，具有良好的精密度和准确度，结果令人满意。     

LY-12铝高温凝聚态动力学性质研究——高温弹性模量的测定

 金属材料的高温动态力学性能是材料科学领域中的重要方面。本文介绍LY-12合金铝在常温至450 ℃的温度区间内和动载下（应变率为10³/s），材料弹性模量的研究。此项研究采用的试验装置为一维Hopkinson压杆及管式高温炉。应用一维弹性应力波传播理论，测得LY-12铝试件在不同温度T条件下的声速c(T)，按照c(T)=[E(T)/ρ(T)]^1/2，获得杨氏模量E(T)随温度的变化曲线。     

Spall in Aluminium with Helium Bubbles under Laser Shock Loading

The spallation behaviors of AI+0.2 wt% ~(10)B targets and neutron irradiated AI+0.2 wt% ~(10)B targets with 5 nm radius helium bubble subjected to direct laser ablation are presented. It is found that the spall strength increases significantly with the tensile strain rate, and the helium bubble or boron inclusions in aluminum reduces the spall strength of materials by 34%. However, slight difference is observed in the spall strength of unirradiated samples compared with the irradiated sample with helium bubbles.     

钽铌合金材料的冲击压缩特性研究

 对一种新型的钽铌合金材料进行了冲击压缩特性实验研究，通过超声测量得到了其常态下的横波和纵波声速，进而计算得到了其相关的一些静态力学参量。通过二级轻气炮加载技术，得到其在60~196 GPa压力范围内的冲击Hugoniot线。这一测量结果与混合物叠加法估算的结果符合较好，并将这种新型合金材料的力学特性与两种钨合金材料进行了简单对比。比较结果显示，Ta-Nb合金材料是一种具有较好工程应用前景的材料。     

冲击加载下金属铝中氦泡演化行为的相场模拟

氦泡等缺陷对金属材料动态强度的影响一直是动态强度研究关注的重点。将相场方法引入冲击加载下氦泡演化行为研究中,通过与晶体塑性理论耦合,建立了可描述冲击下氦泡早期演化行为的介观模拟技术。应用该方法,针对含氦泡的金属铝材料,从介观尺度对氦泡的演化行为及其对位错集体演化行为的影响进行了研究。结果表明:氦泡结构的非均匀性导致局域应力集中和塑性变形集中,局域塑性变形集中会导致沿冲击波传播方向发射稀疏波;从能量守恒角度上看,在材料变形过程中氦泡生长与塑性变形呈竞争关系,塑性耗散的快慢直接影响氦泡的生长速率,使其发生改变。研究结果可为解读含氦泡材料的宏观屈服强度和层裂行为提供理论支撑。     

高应变率压缩加载下LY12铝圆管的剪切断裂研究

 通过回收破片的断口观察和金相分析研究了LY12铝圆管在高应变率压缩过程中的剪切断裂现象；回收破片具有典型的剪切断裂特征，断口与径向近似成45°夹角，断口观察发现断口面经历过径向摩擦；破片金相分析表明，绝热剪切带和裂纹首先在圆管内壁附近产生，然后沿最大剪应力线向外壁扩展。利用数值计算给出了圆管在内爆压缩加载下管壁内微元的应力、应变历史，为分析LY12铝圆管的剪切断裂提供了参考。     

Shear modulus of shock-compressed LY12 aluminium up to melting point

Asymmetric plate impact experiments are conducted on LY12 aluminium alloy in a pressure range of 85-131 GPa. The longitudinal sound speeds axe obtained from the time-resolved particle speed profiles of the specimen measured with Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector （VISAR） technique, and they are shown to be good agreement with our previously reported data of this alloy in a pressure range of 20-70 GPa, and also with those of 2024 aluminium reported by McQueen. Using all of the longitudinal speeds and the corresponding bulk speeds calculated from the Gruneisen equation of state （EOS）, shear moduli of LY12 aluminium alloy are obtained. A comparison of the shear moduli in the solid phase region with those estimated from the Steinberg model demonstrate that the latter are systematically lower than the measurements. By re-analysing the pressure effect on the shear modulus, a modified equation is proposed, in which the pressure term of P/η^1/3 in the Steinberg model is replaced by a linear term. Good agreement between experiments and the modified equation is obtained, which implies that the shear modulus of LY12 aluminium varies linearly both with pressure and with temperature throughout the whole solid phase region. On the other hand, shear modulus of aluminium in a solid-liquid mixed phrase region decreases gradually and smoothly, a feature that is very different from the drastic dropping at the melting point under static conditions.     

Shear modulus of shock-compressed LY12 aluminium up to melting point

Asymmetric plate impact experiments are conducted on LY12 aluminium alloy in a pressure range of 85--131\,GPa. The longitudinal sound speeds are obtained from the time-resolved particle speed profiles of the specimen measured with Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) technique, and they are shown to be good agreement with our previously reported data of this alloy in a pressure range of 20--70\,GPa, and also with those of 2024 aluminium reported by McQueen. Using all of the longitudinal speeds and the corresponding bulk speeds calculated from the Gruneisen equation of state (EOS), shear moduli of LY12 aluminium alloy are obtained. A comparison of the shear moduli in the solid phase region with those estimated from the Steinberg model demonstrate that the latter are systematically lower than the measurements. By re-analysing the pressure effect on the shear modulus, a modified equation is proposed, in which the pressure term of $P/\eta^{1/3}$ in the Steinberg model is replaced by a linear term. Good agreement between experiments and the modified equation is obtained, which implies that the shear modulus of LY12 aluminium varies linearly both with pressure and with temperature throughout the whole solid phase region. On the other hand, shear modulus of aluminium in a solid-liquid mixed phrase region decreases gradually and smoothly, a feature that is very different from the drastic dropping at the melting point under static conditions.     

平面弱激波加载下球形气泡演化的实验研究

 利用高速摄影机直接观测了激波加载下球形气泡的演化过程。采用白色的烟雾颗粒对气泡内透明的测试气体进行染色,直接观察到了气泡界面。通过对平面弱激波加载下轻气体气泡和重气体气泡进行研究,成功验证了轻气体气泡和重气体气泡演化过程中出现的典型界面结构,获得了弱激波加载轻气体气泡中背风涡环的环状几何结构。运用相关方法分析了轻气体气泡实验初期的流场分布,得到的结果与理论分析结果吻合得很好,对于此类实验的数据处理具有一定的启发意义。同时,实验中使用的烟雾颗粒法为今后在球形气泡实验中引入更为精确的平面激光诱导荧光技术（PLIF）、激光粒子图像测速技术（PIV）等实验测试系统提供了布撒示踪粒子的范例。