微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定拟黑多刺蚁中11种微量元素

为准确定量拟黑多刺蚁体内的微量元素,采用微波消解法,以HNO_(3)-H_(2)O_(2)混合酸为消解体系对样品进行前处理,选择合适的同位素,以^(103)Rh为内标测定^(52)Cr、^(55)Mn、^(60)Ni、^(63)Cu、^(66)Zn、^(75)As、^(78)Se、^(88)Sr和^(114)Cd,以^(185)Re为内标测定^(202)Hg和^(208)Pb,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定拟黑多刺蚁中11种微量元素的方法。实验发现,以HNO_(3)-H_(2)O_(2)为消解体系,样品消解完全;采用KED模式消除质谱干扰,以内标法校正基体效应;通过绘制校准曲线及测定流程空白,各元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.0005~0.011 mg/kg,方法定量限为0.0016~0.033 mg/kg。对拟黑多刺蚁实际样品进行测定,各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=9)在1.2%~5.5%,加标回收率为91.2%~107%;经过实验室间比对实验,相对偏差为-3.15%~2.74%;测定六个不同产地的拟黑多刺蚁样品,结果显示不同产地样品除Cd外,其他10种微量元素的含量均存在较大差异。测定结果稳定可靠,能满足拟黑多刺蚁中11种微量金属元素含量的分析检测要求。     

Determination of metals in marine species by microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis

A microwave digestion method suitable for determination of multiple elements in marine species was developed, with the use of cold vapor atomic spectrometry for the detection of Hg, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for all of the other elements. An optimized reagent mixture composed of 2 ml of HNO₃, 2 ml of H₂O₂ and 0.3 ml of HF used in microwave digestion of about 0.15 g (dry weight) of sample was found to give the best overall recoveries of metals in two standard reference materials. In the oyster tissue standard reference material (SRM 1566b), recoveries of Na, Al, K, V, Co, Zn, Se, Sr, Ag, Cd, Ni, and Pb were between 90% and 110%; Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, As, and Ba recoveries were between 85% and 90%; Hg recovery was 81%; and Ca recovery was 64%. In a dogfish certified reference material (DORM-2), the recoveries of Al, Cr, Mn, Se, and Hg were between 90% and 110%; Ni, Cu, Zn, and As recoveries were about 85%; and Fe recovery was 112%. Method detection limits of the elements were established. Metal concentrations in flounder, scup, and blue crab samples collected from coastal locations around Long Island and in the Hudson River estuary were determined.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定化妆品中的汞、铅、砷、锑

采用HNO_3-H_2O_2微波消解样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定化妆品中的汞、铅、砷、锑.实验中探讨了最佳的消解程序,选择适当的同位素,并用铋、铟、锗做内标元素,有效地抑制了分析信号的漂移.结果表明,各元素的检出限在0.089～0.37μg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.709%～2.10%,回收率为80.10%～102.67%.该方法具有简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高的优点,适用于化妆品中的汞、铅、砷、锑元素的同时测定.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯氧化钽中28种痕量杂质元素

建立了用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定高纯氧化钽中28种痕量杂质元素的方法。讨论了质谱干扰及接口效应,采用标准加入法消除基体效应。各元素的方法检出限为0.001~0.1μg/g,回收率为90%~115%,方法适用于纯度为99.999%的高纯氧化钽中痕量杂质元素的测定。     

On the determination of platinum group elements in environmental materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and microwave digestion

The interferences from Cd, Cu, Hf, Pb, Sr, Zn, Zr and Y on the inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) determination of Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru and Ir in geological (Pt-ore SARM-7, abundance range for platinum metals 0.07-3.74 μg/g) and environmental samples (sediment JSd-2 abundance range for Pt and Pd 0.0167-0.021 μg/g; road dust and plant sample) are evaluated using model solutions, real samples and comparison to inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) results. Pt, Rh, Ru and Ir can be determined usually after introduction of corrections for the interference in all investigated materials though in sediments the direct determination of Pt might be a problem depending on the actual Hf concentrations. The direct determination of Pd (after microwave-assisted acid digestion) is possible in ores using all investigated isotopes (, , ), in plants using and correction for the interferences of Zr, Mo and Cd, and not possible in sediments and road dust. Therefore, we developed a procedure for isolation of Pd using its diethyl-dithio-carabamate (DDTC) complex. The detection limits for Pt, Pd and Ir are 0.015 ng/g, and for Ru and Rh 0.03 ng/g.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯金中铝、砷、铋、铬、铁、铅、锑、硒、碲、铱痕量元素

建立了微波消解-内标法-标准加入-ICP-MS法测定高纯黄金中铝、砷、铋、铬、铁、铅、锑、硒、碲、铱等痕量元素的分析方法.从试样溶解方式、内标元素及同位素的选择、仪器检测模式的优化及降低基体抑制效应等方面进行优化.实验加标回收率为99.5％ ～110％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.050％ ～6.5％.实验的准确度和精...     

膜去溶-ICP-MS法测定高纯Eu_2O_3中14种痕量稀土杂质

研究了不需基体分离,膜去溶-ICP-MS法直接测定高纯Eu2O3中的14种痕量稀土杂质的分析方法。讨论了Eu基体产生的多原子离子对被测元素的质谱干扰。使用膜去溶后,待测元素灵敏度提高3倍左右,EuO/Eu产率从去溶前的0.016%降低为0.0007%。建立了Tm的数学校正方程,通过膜去溶结合数学校正可将Eu基体对Tm干扰完全消除。14种稀土杂质的检出限和(∑RE)为70 ng/L,测定下限和(∑RE)为0.54μg/g。对6N高纯Eu2O3样品进行了分析,样品回收率为96%~109%,RSD小于10%。所建立的方法对Eu2O3标准样品的测定结果与国家标准方法测定结果相一致。     

酶消解-单颗粒电感耦合等离子质谱法测定农产品中纳米铂颗粒

铂纳米颗粒在汽车行业中被广泛用作汽车尾气催化剂。随着铂纳米颗粒在工业生产中的广泛应用,它在环境中广泛分布并可能从植物累积进入食物链中。因此,建立一种在农产品中的定量分析方法是至关重要的。以酶消解的前处理方法结合单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(Single particle ICP-MS,SP-ICP-MS)测定农产品中纳米铂颗粒(PtNPs)粒径分布及颗粒数量浓度。通过优化前处理提取条件,当Macerozyme R-10酶为10 mg、柠檬酸缓冲溶液浓度为5 mmol/L、提取时间36 h时,农产品中PtNPs提取效果较高。PtNPs粒径检出限为20 nm,颗粒浓度检出限为5×10⁵ particle/L,铂颗粒浓度回收率在(81±3)%~(91±4)%,加标后平均粒径(41±3)~(47±2)nm,与50 nm PtNPs标准溶液粒径接近。方法操作简单、检出限低、准确度高,适用于农产品中PtNPs定量分析,为客观评价农产品铂纳米毒性效应提供可靠的分析技术。     

萃取分离-ICP-MS测定高纯铝中痕量元素

利用吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸铵(APDC)-CHCl_3萃取分离体系结合ICP-MS对高纯铝中的Co、As、Mo、In、Sn、Sb、Cd、Ag、Pd、Au进行测定,建立了测定高纯铝中痕量元素的方法.实验分别考察了仪器工作参数,萃取酸度,络合剂用量对于杂质元素测定结果的影响,选择了最佳实验条件.各元素的回收率在77.6%～112.2%之间,检出限0.02～0.6 ng/mL,RSD为1.6%～7.2%.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定花生中34种元素

建立了微波消解-碰撞/反应池(ORS)电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)同时测定花生中的Na、Mg、Ca、Fe、Se、Mo和稀土元素等34种元素的分析方法。样品经微波消解后,在线加入内标元素45Sc、72Ge、103Rh、115In和209Bi消除基体效应,应用碰撞反应池技术,以4.5 mL/min流速的氦气作为碰撞反应气,有效消除多原子离子产生的质谱干扰。各元素的检出限为0.0003～17.37ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD)低于2.9%;标准物质的测定值均在标准值范围内,结果令人满意。该方法可用于花生中多种元素的同时测定。     

蒸气发生-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定碘

建立了一种在线化学蒸气发生-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定碘的方法。利用碘负离子的还原性,采用氧化还原手段,将碘负离子氧化为碘单质;然后通过碘单质的易挥发特点,将碘蒸气直接导入等离子体。该方法可以提高传输效率,改善样品利用率,使检测灵敏度得到极大的提高。方法的检出限为0.22μg/L,样品加标回收率在87.4%~97.75%之间,RSD(n=11)在3%以内。实验中预先将正5价碘还原成碘负离子,然后加入氧化剂将碘负离子氧化成碘单质进行检测;对碘的形态化学蒸气发生法进行了尝试。     

Coupling of an electrodialyzer with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the on-line determination of trace impurities in silicon wafers after surface metal extraction

Understanding the properties that determine the distribution and behavior of trace impurities in Si wafers is critical to defining and controlling the performance, reliability, and yields of integrated microelectronic devices. It remains, however, an intrinsically difficult task to determine trace impurities in Si because of the minute concentrations and extremely high levels of matrix involved. In this study, we used an electrodialyzer for the simultaneous on-line removal of the silicate and acid matrices through the neutralization of the excessive hydrogen ion and selectively separation of acid and silicate ions by the combination of electrode reaction as a source of hydroxide ions with the anion exchange membrane separation. To retain the analyte ions in the sample stream, we found that the presence of moderate amounts of nitric acid and hydrazine were necessary to improve the retention efficiency, not only for Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Co²⁺ ions but also for CrO₄²⁻ ion. Under the optimized conditions, the interference that resulted from the sample matrix was suppressed significantly to provide satisfactory analytical signals. The precision of this method was ca. 5% when we used an electrodialyzer equipped with an anion exchange membrane to remove the sample matrix prior to performing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS); the good agreement between the data obtained using our proposed method and those obtained using a batchwise wet chemical technique confirmed its accuracy. Our method permits the determination of Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, and Cr in Si wafers at detection limits within the range from 2.2 × 10¹⁵ to 9.0 × 10¹⁵ atoms cm⁻³.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定含铜污泥中多种重金属

为了填补现有方法的技术空白,本方法采用微波消解和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ ICP-AES）相结合,实现对含铜污泥中铅、锌、铬、镉、砷、镁、铝、锑量的同时测定。首先采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸微波消解进行样品的前处理,消解后加入高氯酸置于电热板进行除碳并赶酸,溶样效果理想,且有效避免了高温溶样对易挥发元素砷、锑的损失,整个过程安全、高效、无损。溶样后以电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ ICP-AES）进行测定。对含铜污泥的分解方法进行了合理选择,并对测定时的元素分析谱线及各测定元素间干扰情况等进行了讨论。该方法的加标回收率在95.31%~107.28%%,相对标准偏差（RSD）在0.31%~2.05%之间（n=7),结果表明,该方法准确度高,操作简单快捷,可同时测定多种元素,能满足批量的测定含铜污泥中铅、锌、镍、铁、镉、铬、砷、锑含量的测定要求。     

湿法消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定大气降尘中7种重金属

为精准防控大气降尘污染,提供其重金属检测方法。重点考察了样品前处理中混合酸体系选择和最佳酸用量比对实验。在最优条件下建立了混合酸（硝酸、氢氟酸、盐酸和高氯酸）湿法消解大气降尘样品和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪进行7种重金属（铊、铅、镉、铬、铜、锌和镍）含量测试的实验方法。实验结果显示7种重金属在一定的浓度范围内线性关系好,线性系数均大于0.999,7种重金属方法检出限为0.02 mg/kg～2.0 mg/kg,实际样品6次测定相对标准偏差为1.1 %～5.7 %,加标回收回收率为87.7 %～108.9 %。该方法经济环保、准确快捷,可作为大气沉降重金属检测参考方法。     

微波消解法-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定韭菜中11种元素

为快速、准确测定韭菜中多元素含量,采用微波消解法对韭菜中样品进行消解处理,优化了前处理方法、ICP-MS工作条件和检测方法,利用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定韭菜中Pb、Cd、Se、As、Zn、Cu、Ni、Fe、Cr、Ca、K等11种元素含量。结果表明,在硝酸-双氧水(7:1)体系中,消解功率1550W,温度梯度为120℃-160℃-195℃,总时长为45min,赶酸温度选择150℃,可将韭菜完全消解,并且ICP-MS射频功率设为1550W,运用在线内标的检测方式降低非质谱干扰。11种元素回归系数R₂^{均大于0.999,方法检出限为}0.002～0.100μg/kg,方法定量限为0.006～0.300μg/kg。方法回收率88.0%～102.7%,相对标准偏差为1.8%～4.6%,可以满足韭菜中多种元素同时测定的需求。方法具有灵敏度高、线性范围宽、准确性高等特点,可为韭菜样品的多元素同时测定提供可靠的方法支撑。     

Evaluation of microwave-assisted digestion condition for the determination of metals in fish samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using experimental designs

This paper describes the development of a compromised single-stage microwave-assisted digestion condition for multi-element determination in fish samples by inductively coupled plasm: mass spectrometry using experimental designs. A Plackett–Burman design was carried out as a multivariate strategy to investigate the main effects of the following parameter on microwave-assisted nitric acid digestion: microwave irradiation time, ramp time, digestion temperature, microwave power limit and the addition of hydrogen peroxide or hydrochloric acid. The most significant microwave setting parameters (radiation time, ramp and temperature) were further evaluated by response surface methodology under Box–Behnken design, while others were kept constant. The influences of different parameters vary according to metal element, thus the working conditions were established as a compromise within optimum region found for each targeted element which ensures quantitative recoveries and time efficiency. The compromised conditions are: ramp to 185°C in 10.5?min then hold for 14.5?min with 1600W (50%) of microwave power, using reagent mixture composed of 2.5?mL nitric acid, 0.5?mL hydrochloric acid and 7.0?mL water. Good agreements were demonstrated between measured and certified values with respect to DORM-3, DOLT-4 and ECM-CE278 and this method was successfully applied for metals determination in tilapia tissues.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测量小麦粉中铅、镉、砷和铬

在我国局部都存在不同程度的铅、镉、砷和铬的土壤和水资源污染,土壤和水域中的有毒有害元素经食物链累积在人体,对人们的身体造成极大的危害,因此对食品中这些限量元素进行准确高效定量非常必要。本文建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对小麦粉中的Pb、Cd、As和Cr进行测量,测量方法采用内标法,内标元素选择Rh、In和Bi。另外对微波消解前处理方法和ICP-MS使用参数进行了优化,测量方法简单高效。工作标准曲线呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.9999。该方法采用GBW(E)100493小麦粉标准物质和NIST 1567b Wheat Flour对本实验所采用的方法进行验证,结果显示测量值和标准值一致,表明本实验中小麦粉中Pb、Cd、As和Cr的测定方法是准确可靠的。     

Accurate determination and certification of bromine in plastic by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The accurate analytical method of bromine (Br) in plastic was developed by an isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-ICPMS). The figures of merit of microwave acid digestion procedures using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or quartz vessels were studied and the latter one was suitable for Br analysis since its material was free from Br contamination. The sample dilution procedures using Milli-Q water or ammonium (NH₃) solution were also studied to remove memory effect for ICPMS measurement. Although severe memory effect was observed on Milli-Q water dilution, NH₃ solution could remove it successfully. The accuracy of the ID-ICPMS was validated by a certified reference material (CRM) as well as the comparison with the analytical result obtained by an instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) as different analytical method. From these results, the ID-ICPMS developed in the present study could be evaluated as accurate analytical method of Br in plastic materials and it could apply to certification of Br in candidate plastic CRM with respect to such regulations related to RoHS (restriction of the use of hazardous substances in electrical and electronics equipment) directive.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定土壤七种金属元素

实验室比对盲样测定是检验实验室能力验证、实验室资质认定、机构考核的主要手段。为研究并解决测试实验室比对土壤盲样中铍、钒、镍、铜、锌、镉、铅的含量,采用微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对土壤盲样进行研究,探讨了不同消解酸体系,检出限和定量限、测试模式和干扰消除、精密度和加标回收率、质控样品进行研究。结果表明：用6 mL HNO3,2 mL HCl和1 mL HF为混合酸体系,各待测元素标准曲线相关系数大于0.9995,检出限在0.001~2.985 mg.L-1^,定量限在0.003~9.94 mg.L-1^,采用氦气碰撞模式测试钒、镍、铜、锌、镉和铅,可以有效的降低多原子离子的干扰;采用no gas模式测试铍,可以有效的提高铍的测试灵敏度。方法精密度为0.2%~6.2%(n=6),加标回收率为92.3%~110.6%,采用土壤标准样品(GSS-4)进行全过程质控研究分析,各元素结果均在标准值参考范围内。用ICP-OES法测试土壤盲样中七种待测金属元素含量与用铑为内标的ICP-MS进行比对,测量分析结果基本一致。     

Determination of trace impurities in electronic grade quartz: Comparison of inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy with other analytical techniques

An analytical procedure for the determination of uranium and thorium in the sub-ng/g range as well as of other trace elements in the ng/g to g/g range in high purity quartz samples is described. The results obtained by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) are compared to those obtained by other analytical techniques (instrumental neutron activation analysis, INAA; flame atomic absorption spectrometry, AAS; Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, ZGFAAS; total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis, TRFA; direct current arc optical emission spectrometry, DC-arc OES; and X-ray fluorescence analysis, XRFA). For the ICP-MS measurements, the decomposition of the samples is carried out with HF/HNO₃/H₂SO₄-mixtures. The results obtained by the different methods show reasonable agreement. For uranium and thorium, ICP-MS proves to be the most sensitive method: detection limits of about 50 pg/g can be achieved for both elements.Presented in part at the 1989 European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Reutte, Austria