活性聚合,表现活性聚合和准活性聚合

活性聚合是连锁聚合反应体系中链转移和终止反应速率为零时的特殊反应类型，表现活性聚合和准活性聚合则是链转移或终止反应未被完全消除而人有活性聚合物特征两类聚合物反应，是非活性聚合活性聚合过渡和逼近时的两种聚合反应类型，本文对活性聚合，表现活性聚合和准活性聚合的基本概念及它们之间的区别作了简单的介绍。     

活性聚合、表观活性聚合和准活性聚合

活性聚合是连锁聚合反应体系中链转移和终止反应速率为零时的特殊反应类型,表现活性聚合和准活性聚合则是链转移或终止反应未被完全消除而又具有活性聚合特征的两类聚合反应,是非活性聚合向活性聚合过渡和逼近时的两种聚合反应类型。本文对活性聚合、表观活性聚合和准活性聚合的基本概念及它们之间的区别作了简单的介绍。     

1,2,4-三唑类化合物的合成及其农用活性研究进展

1,2,4-三唑类化合物是生物活性分子的重要结构单元,具有多种药理活性,特别是在抗真菌、杀虫和除草等农用活性方面得到广泛应用。本文对部分1,2,4-三唑环上的活性位点改性研究及其在农用活性方面的应用进行了总结归纳,期望为后期该类化合物的设计合成及农用活性研究提供参考和借鉴。     

Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Sapriparaquinone Analogues

It has been considered that the lipid peroxidition damage was involved in aging and pathological disorders. Some phases of atherosclerosis, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, intermittent claudication, oxygen toxicity, and liver injury caused by orotic acid, ethanol, phosphorous or chlorinated hydrocarbons have been discussed in relation to lipid peroxidion1-3. We found that a series of unique 4,5-secoditerpenoidal compounds isolated from the medicinal plant Salvia prionitis showed various bioact…     

活性点数对煤焦气化反应的影响：I.气化活性的评价

在活性点评价装置上，以二氧化碳与煤焦进行气化反应，测得了高温时煤焦的活性点数，实验发现其活性点数随煤种而变。煤化程度低的煤种具有较多的活性点数，随煤化程度的提高。活性点数相应减少，气化反应速率与活性点数成线性关系，不同煤种的气化速率的数十倍差别是由于煤焦具有的活性点数的差异所致。活性点数是表征煤焦气化活性的一种重要标准。     

具有生物（理）活性的二茂铁衍生物

结合作者的研究工作，本文对具有生物（理）活性的二茂铁衍生物进行了综述，探讨了生物（理）活性与结构之间的相互关系。     

偶氮染料分子的电子结构与生物降解活性（Ⅱ）

通过ＭＮＤＯ计算及相关实验结果,用取代基非定域活性概念分析了羟基、氨基及硝基在－Ｎ－Ｎ－上的电子效应,阐述了取代基影响偶氮键生物降解活性的电子结构机理,并提出将ＭＮＤＯ统计集成分析中的活性电荷ＱＡ作为关联偶氮键生物解活性的电子结构参数。     

蜂毒肽C末端片段的反序肽的抗菌活性和溶血活性

设计并合成了具有不同碱性氨基酸残基数和不同疏水性片段链长的基于Mel(12~26)的系列反序肽类似物.结果表明,反序肽的正电荷和疏水性对于抑菌活性都很重要,N端至少保留3个碱性氨基酸(正电荷>4)和C端的疏水性片段的链长至少为8个氨基酸残基的类似物具有较高的抑菌活性,具有较大的抑菌活性的最小反序肽类似物为具有11个氨基酸残基的RetroMel(13~23).这些反序肽的溶血活性都很小.     

含1,2,4-三唑环的亚胺及酰亚胺类化合物的合成及生物活性

以取代苯甲酸为原料,经酯化、肼解、成盐和环化反应得到关键中间体4-氨基-3-芳基-1,2,4-三唑-5-硫酮,再分别与芳醛和邻苯二甲酸酐缩合得到亚胺及酰亚胺,最后经硫醚化反应合成了24个新型的含有1,2,4-三唑结构单元的亚胺及酰亚胺类化合物,其结构经质谱、红外光谱、核磁共振及元素分析确认.初步生物活性测试结果表明,在实验浓度下大部分化合物表现出一定的杀菌活性,尤其是化合物9a,9d和9e对水稻纹枯病菌的抑制活性与对照杀菌剂氟硅唑相当.初步的细胞毒性实验结果表明,化合物7c,7f和9k对人肺癌细胞(A549)的抑制活性与对照药品5-氟尿嘧啶基本处于同一水平.     

具有农药活性的微生物源核苷类化合物

微生物天然产物在新农药的研究与开发中占据着重要的地位。核苷作为一类重要的生理活性物质, 具有丰富多样的结构及生物活性。本文对微生物来源的具有农药活性的核苷类化合物进行总结,重点综述了具有农药活性的微生物源嘧啶或嘌呤、核苷及其衍生物及核苷酸类似物等三类微生物源核苷类化合物,分别对其来源、结构多样性、农药活性及杀虫、杀菌及抗病毒作用机制进行了概括, 以期对新型农用抗生素的开发及新农药创制提供一些有益的借鉴。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.